宽带射频接收前端电路与系统设计
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摘要
高性能宽带接收机广泛应用于军事通信和民用通信中,现代接收机系统除了具有高线性、高灵敏度、大动态范围等特点外,对射频前端电路系统的宽带化设计要求越来越高。本文紧密结合科研课题,对宽带射频接收前端电路与系统进行了深入研究,重点对射频接收前端关键部件进行了宽带化研究设计,并完成了小型化宽带射频接收前端系统的研制任务。论文的主要研究成果可概括为以下几方面:
1.对适用于超宽带无线通信的新型印刷天线进行宽带化研究设计。首先,提出了一种火焰型印刷单极子天线结构,采用自相似缝隙加载的办法展宽天线的工作带宽;其次,对具有较小尺寸的Open-L形缝隙天线进行了改进设计,针对其高频工作频段匹配状态差的缺陷,分别采用T形枝节加载和辐射片旋转结构展宽了天线的工作带宽,改进后的天线具有超宽带工作的能力;在此基础之上,提出一种新型双开口Open-L形缝隙结构,采用非对称馈电设计方法实现了天线工作带宽展宽设计。测试结果表明这些新型天线均具有很好的超宽带特性。
2.结合当前DGS设计研究热点,对具有宽阻带特性的微带滤波器进行了设计研究。提出采用一对缝隙耦合的办法提高传统哑铃型DGS单元的阻带特性,并完成具有超宽阻带的低通滤波器的设计,新型低通滤波器在3.9~18GHz范围内具有20dB超宽阻带抑制特性;基于RSR环形缝隙谐振结构来设计超宽带带通滤波器,提出采用缝隙加载的办法来提高滤波器的选择性和带外抑制特性,新型超宽带滤波器同样具有17.6dB宽阻带抑制特性,阻带范围可到20GHz。新型宽阻带DGS微带滤波器具有小型化特点。
3.采用PLL频率合成技术,对适用于宽带接收前端系统的宽带微波频率源进行了设计。基于三阶有源环路的设计方法提高锁相环路的电压控制范围,采用正负双电源运放供电方案有效地改善运放工作零点漂移问题。实测试结果表明宽带频率合成信号具有小型化、宽频带、低相位噪声等特点。
4.对宽带接收系统的AGC控制电路进行了研究设计。提出采用多PIN二极管级联和单电源控制模式对传统π型PIN电调衰减器进行宽带化改进设计,改进后的PIN电调衰减器具有DC~8GHz的宽频带衰减控制特性,衰减范围可达45dB,压控线性度和衰减平坦度好;基于π型PIN电调衰减器设计基础,提出并设计了具有大动态控制与高带外抑制的宽带AGC控制电路。5.对小型化宽带雷达接收前端电路系统进行了分析设计。针对0.5~1GHz的宽带雷达接收频段与高中频频带重叠的难题,提出采用二次变频方案解决了频谱分离的问题,降低了系统设计的难度;采用基于芯片级的信道化宽带射频接收前端系统设计方案,很好地解决2~8GHz宽频带接收的频谱划分和小型化系统集成设计难题,提高了系统设计的灵活性。测试结果表明:小型化宽带射频接收前端电路系统具有体积小、频带宽、动态范围大等特点,完全满足系统设计要求。
High-performance wideband receivers are widely used in military and civilian communication systems. Besides the high linearity, high sensitivity, large dynamic range and other characteristics, broadband RF receiver front-end is a crucial part in the modern receiver system design. As the major part of a research project, this dissertation is mainly concerned with the in-depth study of wideband RF receiver front-end. Some broadband design methods have been introduced to investigate key components of the RF receiver front-end for wideband applications and research tasks. The major contributions of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
1. Several novel printed antennas are investigated and designed with bandwidth enhancement for ultra-wideband(UWB) wireless communications. Firstly, a flame printed monopole antenna is proposed and its operation bandwidth is enhanced greatly with a self-similar slot. Secondly, a small open-L slot antenna has been improved with a T-shaped stub and rotated radiator patch for bandwidth enhancement due to its poor characteristic at high frequency range. At last, a novel double-open-L slot antenna with a small size is introduced with an asymmetric fed patch for bandwidth enhancement. The measured results show that these novel printed antennas have good UWB characteristics.
2. Focusing on the DGS research, several micro-strip filters with wide stop-band characteristic are proposed and studied. A pair of coupling slots are introduced and etched on the side of a classic dumbbell DGS cell to improve its poor stop-band characteristic, and a compact and small low-pass filter with this structure is designed for wide stop-band suppression from 3.9 to 18GHz with a rejection level of 20dB. Furthermore, a compact ultra-wideband band-pass filter with a pair of slits is designed for a good out-of-band selectivity and an improved upper stop-band rejection of about 17.6dB up to 20GHz. In addition, these filters with small size are suitable for portable systems.
3. PLL frequency synthesizer technology is adopted to design broadband microwave frequency source, which is suitable for broadband receiver front-end systems. The narrow voltage control range can be increased greatly using third-order active loop filter and zero drift of the op amp can be eliminated with positive and negative power supply scheme. From the measured results, the synthesized broadband frequency signals show wide bandwidth, low phase noise and other characteristics.
4. An automatic gain control(AGC) circuit is investigated and designed for the wideband receiver system. Using series PIN diodes and single power supply mode,the poor attenuation characteristic at high frequency range is improved greatly. From the experimental results, the operation bandwidth is increased up to 8GHz with a good flatness and a linear attenuation control range better than 45dB. Based on the basicπelectrical modulation attenuator, a wideband AGC circuit system has been achieved with a wide dynamic control range and good suppression out of the pass-band.
5. Wideband RF front-end systems with small size have been designed and manufactured. Using double frequency conversion structure, the overlap between broadband RF frequency range from 0.5 to 1GHz and IF-band is successfully and easily resolved the spectrum separation. The chip-level channel design program can be used to simplify the frequency planning from 2 to 8GHz and solve the system integration problem. With these methods, the system design flexibility has been improved greatly. From the measured results, the wideband RF front-end systems with small size, wideband, high dynamic and other characteristics fully meet the design requirements at the discretion of the engineer.
1.对适用于超宽带无线通信的新型印刷天线进行宽带化研究设计。首先,提出了一种火焰型印刷单极子天线结构,采用自相似缝隙加载的办法展宽天线的工作带宽;其次,对具有较小尺寸的Open-L形缝隙天线进行了改进设计,针对其高频工作频段匹配状态差的缺陷,分别采用T形枝节加载和辐射片旋转结构展宽了天线的工作带宽,改进后的天线具有超宽带工作的能力;在此基础之上,提出一种新型双开口Open-L形缝隙结构,采用非对称馈电设计方法实现了天线工作带宽展宽设计。测试结果表明这些新型天线均具有很好的超宽带特性。
2.结合当前DGS设计研究热点,对具有宽阻带特性的微带滤波器进行了设计研究。提出采用一对缝隙耦合的办法提高传统哑铃型DGS单元的阻带特性,并完成具有超宽阻带的低通滤波器的设计,新型低通滤波器在3.9~18GHz范围内具有20dB超宽阻带抑制特性;基于RSR环形缝隙谐振结构来设计超宽带带通滤波器,提出采用缝隙加载的办法来提高滤波器的选择性和带外抑制特性,新型超宽带滤波器同样具有17.6dB宽阻带抑制特性,阻带范围可到20GHz。新型宽阻带DGS微带滤波器具有小型化特点。
3.采用PLL频率合成技术,对适用于宽带接收前端系统的宽带微波频率源进行了设计。基于三阶有源环路的设计方法提高锁相环路的电压控制范围,采用正负双电源运放供电方案有效地改善运放工作零点漂移问题。实测试结果表明宽带频率合成信号具有小型化、宽频带、低相位噪声等特点。
4.对宽带接收系统的AGC控制电路进行了研究设计。提出采用多PIN二极管级联和单电源控制模式对传统π型PIN电调衰减器进行宽带化改进设计,改进后的PIN电调衰减器具有DC~8GHz的宽频带衰减控制特性,衰减范围可达45dB,压控线性度和衰减平坦度好;基于π型PIN电调衰减器设计基础,提出并设计了具有大动态控制与高带外抑制的宽带AGC控制电路。5.对小型化宽带雷达接收前端电路系统进行了分析设计。针对0.5~1GHz的宽带雷达接收频段与高中频频带重叠的难题,提出采用二次变频方案解决了频谱分离的问题,降低了系统设计的难度;采用基于芯片级的信道化宽带射频接收前端系统设计方案,很好地解决2~8GHz宽频带接收的频谱划分和小型化系统集成设计难题,提高了系统设计的灵活性。测试结果表明:小型化宽带射频接收前端电路系统具有体积小、频带宽、动态范围大等特点,完全满足系统设计要求。
High-performance wideband receivers are widely used in military and civilian communication systems. Besides the high linearity, high sensitivity, large dynamic range and other characteristics, broadband RF receiver front-end is a crucial part in the modern receiver system design. As the major part of a research project, this dissertation is mainly concerned with the in-depth study of wideband RF receiver front-end. Some broadband design methods have been introduced to investigate key components of the RF receiver front-end for wideband applications and research tasks. The major contributions of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
1. Several novel printed antennas are investigated and designed with bandwidth enhancement for ultra-wideband(UWB) wireless communications. Firstly, a flame printed monopole antenna is proposed and its operation bandwidth is enhanced greatly with a self-similar slot. Secondly, a small open-L slot antenna has been improved with a T-shaped stub and rotated radiator patch for bandwidth enhancement due to its poor characteristic at high frequency range. At last, a novel double-open-L slot antenna with a small size is introduced with an asymmetric fed patch for bandwidth enhancement. The measured results show that these novel printed antennas have good UWB characteristics.
2. Focusing on the DGS research, several micro-strip filters with wide stop-band characteristic are proposed and studied. A pair of coupling slots are introduced and etched on the side of a classic dumbbell DGS cell to improve its poor stop-band characteristic, and a compact and small low-pass filter with this structure is designed for wide stop-band suppression from 3.9 to 18GHz with a rejection level of 20dB. Furthermore, a compact ultra-wideband band-pass filter with a pair of slits is designed for a good out-of-band selectivity and an improved upper stop-band rejection of about 17.6dB up to 20GHz. In addition, these filters with small size are suitable for portable systems.
3. PLL frequency synthesizer technology is adopted to design broadband microwave frequency source, which is suitable for broadband receiver front-end systems. The narrow voltage control range can be increased greatly using third-order active loop filter and zero drift of the op amp can be eliminated with positive and negative power supply scheme. From the measured results, the synthesized broadband frequency signals show wide bandwidth, low phase noise and other characteristics.
4. An automatic gain control(AGC) circuit is investigated and designed for the wideband receiver system. Using series PIN diodes and single power supply mode,the poor attenuation characteristic at high frequency range is improved greatly. From the experimental results, the operation bandwidth is increased up to 8GHz with a good flatness and a linear attenuation control range better than 45dB. Based on the basicπelectrical modulation attenuator, a wideband AGC circuit system has been achieved with a wide dynamic control range and good suppression out of the pass-band.
5. Wideband RF front-end systems with small size have been designed and manufactured. Using double frequency conversion structure, the overlap between broadband RF frequency range from 0.5 to 1GHz and IF-band is successfully and easily resolved the spectrum separation. The chip-level channel design program can be used to simplify the frequency planning from 2 to 8GHz and solve the system integration problem. With these methods, the system design flexibility has been improved greatly. From the measured results, the wideband RF front-end systems with small size, wideband, high dynamic and other characteristics fully meet the design requirements at the discretion of the engineer.
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