基于行为生态学的企业战略演化研究
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摘要
“商场如战场”,一句俗语道出了商场风云际会的本质。在二十一世纪众多新科技涌现的今天,商界的厮杀更加惨烈。要让企业能长久地屹立于产业之林,战略选择自然成为了重中之重。然而企业竞争的战略行为从微观层面看来充满偶然性和随机性,如此一来,找到企业竞争背后的上帝之手,探寻出企业战略的发展演化规律和演绎规则,对于当代企业的良性发展和优化极为重要。当经典战略设计学派与传统的管理理论在今天的企业实践中能发挥的有效作用日渐式微的时候,新的视角和理论的引入就显得十分必要。
本文将行为生态学的理论引入企业战略发展的研究,以整体、联系和发展的思想为出发点,运用生态学、经济学、管理学、演化经济学和新制度经济学等多学科的理论,采用类比研究、理论与实证相结合、定性分析与定量评价等多种方法,以生物进化论、进化博弈论、案例实证研究法、移植与隐喻分析、DEA数据包络分析、成本收益分析为工具,在与企业战略管理理论的分析对照中,论述了行为生态学中的理论及工具在企业战略管理理论中的借鉴与应用。
本文结合行为生态学的研究范式,提出企业战略演化过程包括四个基本阶段:企业战略的变革与创新、竞争与协同、市场选择、企业战略的学习与传衍。并分别借鉴行为生态学中关于生殖与变异、进化稳定策略ESS、协同竞争与进化、生态位理论、适应度评价等研究成果以及组织学习理论中的惯例学习与路径依赖等,重新建构了企业战略演化的基本过程,并归纳出了四个基本阶段所遵循的演化路径与原则。
最后,本文以中国IT领域最为典型的互联网门户网站的发展为案例研究对象,借助行为生态学的理论框架对照研究了腾讯、新浪、网易、搜狐中国四大综合门户网站的战略发展历程,梳理了其中战略创新、协同竞争、市场选择以及学习与传衍的战略演化过程与轨迹,使战略演化理论与实践得到了相互印证。
"Business is war" just like the saying says, business competition is increasingly intense with the emergence of many new technologies in the twenty-first century. In order to last forever, the strategic behavior becomes a top priority. But the strategic competitive behavior full of chance and randomness, so it is very valuable for the enterprises to explore the rule of the evolution of corporate strategy. When the traditional strategic management theory plays the smaller and smaller role in today's business practices, it is time to expand the study for the strategic management.
This dissertation introduces the theory of behavioral ecology to the area of corporate strategy. Taking the whole, contacts and develop ideas as a starting point, based on the theories of ecology, economics, management science, evolutionary economics and multi-disciplinary, using the methods of analogy research, a combination of theoretical and empirical, qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation, this dissertation study the application of behavioral ecology on the strategic management by the help from the tools of biological evolution, evolutionary game theory, case study, migration and metaphor analysis, DEA data envelopment analysis, cost benefit analysis.
Viewing from behavioral ecology, this dissertation presents the evolution of corporate strategy of the four basic stages: change and innovation, competition and collaboration, market selection, learning and genetic. Drawing on the help of behavioral ecology research including reproduction and variation, evolutionary stable strategy ESS, competition and co-evolution, niche theory, fitness evaluation and routine learning, path dependence theory of organizational learning theory, this dissertation build a basic process of strategy evolution and summarizes the path and principles on the above four basic stages of strategic evolution.
Finally, taking the China's four comprehensive internet portal(QQ, SINA, NTES, SOHU) as a case study, using the framework of behavioral ecology, the dissertation study the China's IT industry, analysis the track of the strategic innovation, collaborative competition, market selection and Strategic learning on the process of Strategic evolution, confirms the practice and theory of strategic evolution.
本文将行为生态学的理论引入企业战略发展的研究,以整体、联系和发展的思想为出发点,运用生态学、经济学、管理学、演化经济学和新制度经济学等多学科的理论,采用类比研究、理论与实证相结合、定性分析与定量评价等多种方法,以生物进化论、进化博弈论、案例实证研究法、移植与隐喻分析、DEA数据包络分析、成本收益分析为工具,在与企业战略管理理论的分析对照中,论述了行为生态学中的理论及工具在企业战略管理理论中的借鉴与应用。
本文结合行为生态学的研究范式,提出企业战略演化过程包括四个基本阶段:企业战略的变革与创新、竞争与协同、市场选择、企业战略的学习与传衍。并分别借鉴行为生态学中关于生殖与变异、进化稳定策略ESS、协同竞争与进化、生态位理论、适应度评价等研究成果以及组织学习理论中的惯例学习与路径依赖等,重新建构了企业战略演化的基本过程,并归纳出了四个基本阶段所遵循的演化路径与原则。
最后,本文以中国IT领域最为典型的互联网门户网站的发展为案例研究对象,借助行为生态学的理论框架对照研究了腾讯、新浪、网易、搜狐中国四大综合门户网站的战略发展历程,梳理了其中战略创新、协同竞争、市场选择以及学习与传衍的战略演化过程与轨迹,使战略演化理论与实践得到了相互印证。
"Business is war" just like the saying says, business competition is increasingly intense with the emergence of many new technologies in the twenty-first century. In order to last forever, the strategic behavior becomes a top priority. But the strategic competitive behavior full of chance and randomness, so it is very valuable for the enterprises to explore the rule of the evolution of corporate strategy. When the traditional strategic management theory plays the smaller and smaller role in today's business practices, it is time to expand the study for the strategic management.
This dissertation introduces the theory of behavioral ecology to the area of corporate strategy. Taking the whole, contacts and develop ideas as a starting point, based on the theories of ecology, economics, management science, evolutionary economics and multi-disciplinary, using the methods of analogy research, a combination of theoretical and empirical, qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation, this dissertation study the application of behavioral ecology on the strategic management by the help from the tools of biological evolution, evolutionary game theory, case study, migration and metaphor analysis, DEA data envelopment analysis, cost benefit analysis.
Viewing from behavioral ecology, this dissertation presents the evolution of corporate strategy of the four basic stages: change and innovation, competition and collaboration, market selection, learning and genetic. Drawing on the help of behavioral ecology research including reproduction and variation, evolutionary stable strategy ESS, competition and co-evolution, niche theory, fitness evaluation and routine learning, path dependence theory of organizational learning theory, this dissertation build a basic process of strategy evolution and summarizes the path and principles on the above four basic stages of strategic evolution.
Finally, taking the China's four comprehensive internet portal(QQ, SINA, NTES, SOHU) as a case study, using the framework of behavioral ecology, the dissertation study the China's IT industry, analysis the track of the strategic innovation, collaborative competition, market selection and Strategic learning on the process of Strategic evolution, confirms the practice and theory of strategic evolution.
引文
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