汽车销售物流若干关键技术研究
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摘要
汽车销售物流作为产品进入市场的末端环节,其及时性、完好性及成本对汽车产业的进一步发展至关重要。目前,我国整车销售物流领域存在缺乏科学全面的评估体系、资源利用率低、运输成本高、运力资源浪费、配载能力差和竞争力不强等问题,影响了客户的满意度,制约了整个汽车行业的进一步发展。如何改进汽车销售物流存在的不足,提升销售物流整体水平,是汽车销售物流领域研究工作的重点。
发现影响汽车销售物流绩效的关键因素并提出相应的改进措施是提升销售物流整体水平的重要途径。论文针对当前我国整车销售物流领域面临的挑战和合作企业某商用车股份有限公司的现实需求,在长沙市科技计划重大专项和合作企业的支持下,对汽车销售物流若干关键技术进行了深入系统的研究。主要研究工作和创新性研究成果有：
(1)针对我国汽车行业销售物流的现状和合作企业销售物流的改进需求,以BSC/AHP综合评价方法为基础建立了汽车销售物流绩效评价体系,为整车物流绩效量化评估和第三方物流模式下销售物流业务的持续改进提供了技术支撑。同时对合作企业商用车销售物流业务绩效进行了量化评估,从而为该商用车股份有限公司优化改善销售物流的整体水平提供了依据。
(2)针对第三方物流服务商选择问题,提出了基于移动Agent的第三方物流服务商选择方法,该方法能利用移动Agent分布式获取第三方物流服务商的可信度和业务能力信息,客观评估第三方物流服务商的可信度和业务能力,并以此为依据从海量的第三方物流服务商中筛选出满足搜索标准的第三方物流服务商,进而构建第三方物流服务商备选集；针对整车销售物流知识集成问题,将本体论和语义网技术引入到整车销售物流知识的集成研究中,提出了一种适合于网络环境的知识共享方法。基于以上研究工作,在合作企业的第三方物流服务商管理系统中设计开发了第三方物流服务商搜索模块。
(3)针对目前学术界对整车物流运输配载优化问题研究较少且优化结果具有不确定性的现状,论文将整车物流配载优化问题简化为NP问题,在综合考虑整车物流配载过程中运输、资源及服务质量等决策要素的基础上,建立了整车物流运输配载优化模型。针对二次粒子群优化算法在搜索早期粒子多样性降低的缺点,设计了改进二次粒子群优化算法(GQPSO算法),应用实例表明,用GQPSO算法求解整车配载优化问题可以得到最优解,从而为汽车整车配载优化问题提供了有效的方法支撑。
(4)人作为驾驶作业的主体,其驾驶的可靠性对销售物流的安全性和经济性具有重要影响。论文对长途物流配送作业过程中的驾驶疲劳进行了分析研究。首先从人因工程学的角度分析了驾驶疲劳的表征、驾驶疲劳的产生机制；然后通过跟车实验,用主观疲劳测试方法和基于眼睑眨动的驾驶疲劳监测法对驾驶疲劳进行了测试分析；最后通过计算机辅助人因工程仿真软件JACK对驾驶疲劳程度进行了仿真分析。在实验与仿真分析的基础上,从疲劳改善角度出发,对长途物流配送过程中的驾驶员作业提出了改进建议。
(5)针对合作企业目前存在的汽车零配件库存管理自动化程度低、运营成本高,难以快速响应顾客需求的问题,为了提高合作企业的汽车售后服务水平,设计了汽车零配件配送系统,并用Plant Simulation软件对其进行了验证分析。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的汽车零配件自动配送系统能满足企业的实际需要,具有较好的应用价值。
As one of the last stages before automobiles enter the market, the distribution logistics'timeliness, integrity and cost are of the utmost importance in further development of automobile industry. Currently, problems, such as the absence of scientific and complete evaluation system, low utilization ratio of resources, high transportation cost, waste of transport capacity resources, poor prestowage and competitiveness, influence customers'satisfaction degree and restrict the development of entire automobile industry in China. How to improve the short points in automobile distribution logistics and upgrade its overall level is the key point in the research work in automobile distribution logistics.
It is an important way to define the key factors that influence the performance of automobile distribution logistics and bring about corresponding improvement measures. Aiming at the challenges faced by the entire car distribution logistics and the practical needs of partner business, X Automobile Limited Liability Company, funded by key special subjects of Changsha science plan, the present dissertation has done systematic study on key techniques in automobile distribution logistics. The major researches and original achievements are:
(1). Aiming at the current situation of domestic automobile distribution logistics and partner business'requirements, based on BSC/AHP comprehensive evaluation method, the present dissertation set up a performance evaluation system for automobile distribution logistics, which provides technical support for the quantitative evaluation of entire car's logistic performance and the continuous improvement of distribution logistics under the mode of thirty party logistics. After quantitatively evaluating X's distribution logistic performance, it provides company on to improve its overall distribution logistics.
(2). Aiming at the selection of logistic service provider, the present dissertation put forward a thirty party logistic service provider selection method based on mobile Agent. The method can make use of the distribution of mobile Agent to acquire and objectively assess thirty party logistic service provider's reliability and professional ability information, based on which, providers that matches the searching requirements can be selected from enormous amount of thirty party service providers so as to construct a selection set for thirty party service provider. Aiming at the knowledge integrity of entire car distribution logistics, the present dissertation, introducing ontology and semantic web technology into the integrity study of entire car distribution logistics, proposed a knowledge sharing method which is suitable for network environment. Founded by the above work, a thirty party logistic facilitator searching module was developed in the third party logistic facilitator management system.
(3). Aiming at the situation where there are inadequate optimization researches of entire car logistic prestowage and the optimization result is of uncertainty, the present dissertation simplexes the question into an NP question, in which, on the basis of considering transportation, resources, service quality and other decision-making factors in entire car logistic prestowage, an optimizing model of entire car logistic transportation and dispatching. Aim at the low diversity at the early period of searching in Quadratic Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Quadratic Particle Swarm Optimization (GQPSO) was designed. The application example shows that use GQPSO to solve entire car's dispatching, the optimum solution can be obtained, which provides effective method support for business'entire car dispatching optimization.
(4). People, whose driving reliability has great influence onto distribution logistics'safety and economics. The present dissertation investigated on driving fatigue in long distance logistic dispatching. Firstly, from the perspective of human factor engineering, driving fatigue's features and its generation mechanism were analyzed; then, by field survey, two methods are used to measure and analyze driving fatigue, Lastly, by computer aided human factor engineering simulation software JACK, the degree of driving fatigue is anlayzed. Based on experiment and simulation analysis, from the perspective of fatigue release, suggestions are given to drivers of long distance logistic dispatching.
(5). Aiming at the problems in partner business, where the degree of stock management automation is low, the operating cost is high, and it is hard to quickly respond to customers'requirements, in order to improve partner business'automobile after sale service, an automobile parts'dispatching system is designed. Simulation result shows that the automatic dispatching system of automobile parts designed by the present dissertation can meet business'practical needs and is of favorable applying value.
发现影响汽车销售物流绩效的关键因素并提出相应的改进措施是提升销售物流整体水平的重要途径。论文针对当前我国整车销售物流领域面临的挑战和合作企业某商用车股份有限公司的现实需求,在长沙市科技计划重大专项和合作企业的支持下,对汽车销售物流若干关键技术进行了深入系统的研究。主要研究工作和创新性研究成果有：
(1)针对我国汽车行业销售物流的现状和合作企业销售物流的改进需求,以BSC/AHP综合评价方法为基础建立了汽车销售物流绩效评价体系,为整车物流绩效量化评估和第三方物流模式下销售物流业务的持续改进提供了技术支撑。同时对合作企业商用车销售物流业务绩效进行了量化评估,从而为该商用车股份有限公司优化改善销售物流的整体水平提供了依据。
(2)针对第三方物流服务商选择问题,提出了基于移动Agent的第三方物流服务商选择方法,该方法能利用移动Agent分布式获取第三方物流服务商的可信度和业务能力信息,客观评估第三方物流服务商的可信度和业务能力,并以此为依据从海量的第三方物流服务商中筛选出满足搜索标准的第三方物流服务商,进而构建第三方物流服务商备选集；针对整车销售物流知识集成问题,将本体论和语义网技术引入到整车销售物流知识的集成研究中,提出了一种适合于网络环境的知识共享方法。基于以上研究工作,在合作企业的第三方物流服务商管理系统中设计开发了第三方物流服务商搜索模块。
(3)针对目前学术界对整车物流运输配载优化问题研究较少且优化结果具有不确定性的现状,论文将整车物流配载优化问题简化为NP问题,在综合考虑整车物流配载过程中运输、资源及服务质量等决策要素的基础上,建立了整车物流运输配载优化模型。针对二次粒子群优化算法在搜索早期粒子多样性降低的缺点,设计了改进二次粒子群优化算法(GQPSO算法),应用实例表明,用GQPSO算法求解整车配载优化问题可以得到最优解,从而为汽车整车配载优化问题提供了有效的方法支撑。
(4)人作为驾驶作业的主体,其驾驶的可靠性对销售物流的安全性和经济性具有重要影响。论文对长途物流配送作业过程中的驾驶疲劳进行了分析研究。首先从人因工程学的角度分析了驾驶疲劳的表征、驾驶疲劳的产生机制；然后通过跟车实验,用主观疲劳测试方法和基于眼睑眨动的驾驶疲劳监测法对驾驶疲劳进行了测试分析；最后通过计算机辅助人因工程仿真软件JACK对驾驶疲劳程度进行了仿真分析。在实验与仿真分析的基础上,从疲劳改善角度出发,对长途物流配送过程中的驾驶员作业提出了改进建议。
(5)针对合作企业目前存在的汽车零配件库存管理自动化程度低、运营成本高,难以快速响应顾客需求的问题,为了提高合作企业的汽车售后服务水平,设计了汽车零配件配送系统,并用Plant Simulation软件对其进行了验证分析。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的汽车零配件自动配送系统能满足企业的实际需要,具有较好的应用价值。
As one of the last stages before automobiles enter the market, the distribution logistics'timeliness, integrity and cost are of the utmost importance in further development of automobile industry. Currently, problems, such as the absence of scientific and complete evaluation system, low utilization ratio of resources, high transportation cost, waste of transport capacity resources, poor prestowage and competitiveness, influence customers'satisfaction degree and restrict the development of entire automobile industry in China. How to improve the short points in automobile distribution logistics and upgrade its overall level is the key point in the research work in automobile distribution logistics.
It is an important way to define the key factors that influence the performance of automobile distribution logistics and bring about corresponding improvement measures. Aiming at the challenges faced by the entire car distribution logistics and the practical needs of partner business, X Automobile Limited Liability Company, funded by key special subjects of Changsha science plan, the present dissertation has done systematic study on key techniques in automobile distribution logistics. The major researches and original achievements are:
(1). Aiming at the current situation of domestic automobile distribution logistics and partner business'requirements, based on BSC/AHP comprehensive evaluation method, the present dissertation set up a performance evaluation system for automobile distribution logistics, which provides technical support for the quantitative evaluation of entire car's logistic performance and the continuous improvement of distribution logistics under the mode of thirty party logistics. After quantitatively evaluating X's distribution logistic performance, it provides company on to improve its overall distribution logistics.
(2). Aiming at the selection of logistic service provider, the present dissertation put forward a thirty party logistic service provider selection method based on mobile Agent. The method can make use of the distribution of mobile Agent to acquire and objectively assess thirty party logistic service provider's reliability and professional ability information, based on which, providers that matches the searching requirements can be selected from enormous amount of thirty party service providers so as to construct a selection set for thirty party service provider. Aiming at the knowledge integrity of entire car distribution logistics, the present dissertation, introducing ontology and semantic web technology into the integrity study of entire car distribution logistics, proposed a knowledge sharing method which is suitable for network environment. Founded by the above work, a thirty party logistic facilitator searching module was developed in the third party logistic facilitator management system.
(3). Aiming at the situation where there are inadequate optimization researches of entire car logistic prestowage and the optimization result is of uncertainty, the present dissertation simplexes the question into an NP question, in which, on the basis of considering transportation, resources, service quality and other decision-making factors in entire car logistic prestowage, an optimizing model of entire car logistic transportation and dispatching. Aim at the low diversity at the early period of searching in Quadratic Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Quadratic Particle Swarm Optimization (GQPSO) was designed. The application example shows that use GQPSO to solve entire car's dispatching, the optimum solution can be obtained, which provides effective method support for business'entire car dispatching optimization.
(4). People, whose driving reliability has great influence onto distribution logistics'safety and economics. The present dissertation investigated on driving fatigue in long distance logistic dispatching. Firstly, from the perspective of human factor engineering, driving fatigue's features and its generation mechanism were analyzed; then, by field survey, two methods are used to measure and analyze driving fatigue, Lastly, by computer aided human factor engineering simulation software JACK, the degree of driving fatigue is anlayzed. Based on experiment and simulation analysis, from the perspective of fatigue release, suggestions are given to drivers of long distance logistic dispatching.
(5). Aiming at the problems in partner business, where the degree of stock management automation is low, the operating cost is high, and it is hard to quickly respond to customers'requirements, in order to improve partner business'automobile after sale service, an automobile parts'dispatching system is designed. Simulation result shows that the automatic dispatching system of automobile parts designed by the present dissertation can meet business'practical needs and is of favorable applying value.
引文
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