电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统对环境质量改善及经济性分析
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摘要
本文的研究对于科学评价燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统对环境质量改善及其经济性,保证脱硫系统的有效运行以及制定有效的脱硫补偿政策,更好地实现节能减排的目标具有重要的理论和实践意义。
首先对国内外关于环境质量评价方法、经济性评价方法以及燃煤电厂脱硫系统应用方面的研究现状进行了研究,分析了取得的成果和存在的不足；第二,介绍了环境质量评价、费用效益分析法、敏感性分析和模糊模式识别的相关理论与方法；第三,介绍了湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理、系统构成、主要设备,分析了我国燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫技术应用中存在的问题以及电厂周边环境质量的影响；第四,针对当前燃煤电厂环境质量评价方法中的不足和模糊模式识别方法在应用中的缺陷,提出了对贴近度函数的改进方法,应用改进后的贴近度函数,提出了基于模糊模式识别的燃煤电厂环境质量评价的新方法,并通过社际应用证明了其可行性；第五,提出了评价环境质量改善效果的两个指标--环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度的概念,为计算环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度,提出了环境质量改善的理想目标点的概念及计算方法,在此基础上,提出了环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度的计算方法,应用其可对脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果进行定量测算,通过实例应用证明了方法的可行性和科学性；第六,应用费用效益分析法分析了电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统费用与效益的构成,包括初始固定投资、脱硫剂消耗费用、脱硫系统耗水费用、脱硫系统耗电费、脱硫系统耗蒸汽费用、年固定资产大修理费、人工费等和节省的SO2排污费用、石膏销售收入等,提出了脱硫系统寿命期内各年费用与效益、总费用现值、总效益现值、效益费用比和净费用现值的计算方法以及针对电厂发电小时数、石灰石价格和上网电价等因素对脱硫系统经济性进行敏感性分析的方法,并结合某电厂脱硫系统进行了实际应用,证明了方法的可行性；第七,提出了评价脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果经济性的指标,包括单位净费用现值环境质量改善值、单位净费用现值环境质量改善度和单位环境质量改善度净费用现值的概念,应用环境质量改善值、环境质量改善度和净费用现值给出了上述三个指标的计算方法,以及针对发电小时数、石灰石价格变化对其进行敏感性分析的方法,并提出了在脱硫电价补偿政策下,脱硫系统的经济性指标及对环境质量改善效果的经济性指标进行分析的方法,以及在发电小数和脱硫剂价格变化情况下,对脱硫系统的经济性指标及对环境质量改善效果的经济性指标进行敏感性分析的方法,并应用上述方法对某电厂脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果的经济性进行了评价,证明了上述方法的可行性；最后,在上述脱硫系统经济性和对环境质量改善的经济性分析的基础上,提出了建立动态脱硫电价机制的政策建议和电厂提高湿法烟气脱硫系统经济性的建议。
This study has important theoretical and practical significance to assess the wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) system of coal fired power plant scientifically to improve the environmental quality and its economy, keep the FGD system can run effectively, and make effective FGD compensation policy to achieve the goal for reducing emissions and conserving energy.
At first, the paper studies on assessing methods of environmental quality and its economy, and the desulphurization system of coal fired power plant research status on its application. It analyzes the achievements and deficiency. The paper introduces the related theory and methods that is. methods of environmental quality assessment, cost-effectiveness analyzing method, and sensitivity analysis, fuzzy pattern recognition, etc. The paper introduces the technical principle of WFGD. the institutes of system, main equipments, the deficiency in technical application of WFGD of coal fired power plant in China, and the influence on surrounds environment of power plant. Aiming at the deficiencies of assessing method about environmental quality of current coal fired power plant and the application of the fuzzy pattern recognition method, the paper puts forward the improving method of neartude function and using improved neartude function. It puts forward on the new assessing method of environmental quality of coal fired power plant based on fuzzy pattern recognition, and proves its feasibility by application. The paper puts forward on two indicators about the improvement of assessing environmental quality, that is, environmental quality improving value and environmental quality improving degree. It defines the concept of ideal target of environmental quality improvement and its computing method. Based on this, it puts forward on the computing method of environmental quality improving value and environmental quality improving degree. They can calculate the environmental quality improving effect by desulphurization system quantitatively. A practical example proves its feasibility and scientific nature. The paper analyzes the structure of cost and effectiveness in WFGD of power plant using cost-effectiveness analysis method. They include the initial fixed investment, desulphurization agent consumption charge, and the consumption charges of water, power and steam in desulphurization system, fixed assets repairing cost, labor cost, saving and SO2emission charge, and gesso sales revenue etc. The paper puts forward the calculating methods of cost-effectiveness, total cost present value, cost-benefit ratio and net cost present value in each lifetime of the desulphurization system, and the sensitivity analysis on the economy of desulphurization system according to the factors, that is, power generating hour of power plant, the price of limestone and feed-in tariff. Combining with the desulphurization system of a power plant proves its feasibility. The paper puts forward the indicators for assessing the effectiveness economy of improving environmental quality of the desulphurization system. They are the environmental quality improving value per net present value, the environmental quality improving degree per net present value, net present value of per environmental quality improving degree. It gives the computing method about the three indicators, that is, application environmental quality improving value, environmental quality improving degree and net cost present value. It puts forward an analyzing method by using the indicators of the economy of desulphurization system and the economy analysis method of the environmental quality improving effect under the compensation policy on the desulphurization electricity price. And it puts forward the method of sensitivity analyzing on the indicators of the economy of desulphurization system and the economy of the environmental quality improving effect under the changes of power generating hour and the price of sulfuric acid. By using aforementioned methods, the paper assesses the economy of environmental quality improving effect by a power plant desulphurization system, and proves the feasibility of the methods. Finally, it gives some advice about the policy to build dynamic desulphurization electricity price mechanism and improving the economy of WFGD, based on aforementioned the economy of desulphurization system and the economy analysis on desulphurization system improving environmental quality.
首先对国内外关于环境质量评价方法、经济性评价方法以及燃煤电厂脱硫系统应用方面的研究现状进行了研究,分析了取得的成果和存在的不足；第二,介绍了环境质量评价、费用效益分析法、敏感性分析和模糊模式识别的相关理论与方法；第三,介绍了湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理、系统构成、主要设备,分析了我国燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫技术应用中存在的问题以及电厂周边环境质量的影响；第四,针对当前燃煤电厂环境质量评价方法中的不足和模糊模式识别方法在应用中的缺陷,提出了对贴近度函数的改进方法,应用改进后的贴近度函数,提出了基于模糊模式识别的燃煤电厂环境质量评价的新方法,并通过社际应用证明了其可行性；第五,提出了评价环境质量改善效果的两个指标--环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度的概念,为计算环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度,提出了环境质量改善的理想目标点的概念及计算方法,在此基础上,提出了环境质量改善值和环境质量改善度的计算方法,应用其可对脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果进行定量测算,通过实例应用证明了方法的可行性和科学性；第六,应用费用效益分析法分析了电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统费用与效益的构成,包括初始固定投资、脱硫剂消耗费用、脱硫系统耗水费用、脱硫系统耗电费、脱硫系统耗蒸汽费用、年固定资产大修理费、人工费等和节省的SO2排污费用、石膏销售收入等,提出了脱硫系统寿命期内各年费用与效益、总费用现值、总效益现值、效益费用比和净费用现值的计算方法以及针对电厂发电小时数、石灰石价格和上网电价等因素对脱硫系统经济性进行敏感性分析的方法,并结合某电厂脱硫系统进行了实际应用,证明了方法的可行性；第七,提出了评价脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果经济性的指标,包括单位净费用现值环境质量改善值、单位净费用现值环境质量改善度和单位环境质量改善度净费用现值的概念,应用环境质量改善值、环境质量改善度和净费用现值给出了上述三个指标的计算方法,以及针对发电小时数、石灰石价格变化对其进行敏感性分析的方法,并提出了在脱硫电价补偿政策下,脱硫系统的经济性指标及对环境质量改善效果的经济性指标进行分析的方法,以及在发电小数和脱硫剂价格变化情况下,对脱硫系统的经济性指标及对环境质量改善效果的经济性指标进行敏感性分析的方法,并应用上述方法对某电厂脱硫系统对环境质量改善效果的经济性进行了评价,证明了上述方法的可行性；最后,在上述脱硫系统经济性和对环境质量改善的经济性分析的基础上,提出了建立动态脱硫电价机制的政策建议和电厂提高湿法烟气脱硫系统经济性的建议。
This study has important theoretical and practical significance to assess the wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) system of coal fired power plant scientifically to improve the environmental quality and its economy, keep the FGD system can run effectively, and make effective FGD compensation policy to achieve the goal for reducing emissions and conserving energy.
At first, the paper studies on assessing methods of environmental quality and its economy, and the desulphurization system of coal fired power plant research status on its application. It analyzes the achievements and deficiency. The paper introduces the related theory and methods that is. methods of environmental quality assessment, cost-effectiveness analyzing method, and sensitivity analysis, fuzzy pattern recognition, etc. The paper introduces the technical principle of WFGD. the institutes of system, main equipments, the deficiency in technical application of WFGD of coal fired power plant in China, and the influence on surrounds environment of power plant. Aiming at the deficiencies of assessing method about environmental quality of current coal fired power plant and the application of the fuzzy pattern recognition method, the paper puts forward the improving method of neartude function and using improved neartude function. It puts forward on the new assessing method of environmental quality of coal fired power plant based on fuzzy pattern recognition, and proves its feasibility by application. The paper puts forward on two indicators about the improvement of assessing environmental quality, that is, environmental quality improving value and environmental quality improving degree. It defines the concept of ideal target of environmental quality improvement and its computing method. Based on this, it puts forward on the computing method of environmental quality improving value and environmental quality improving degree. They can calculate the environmental quality improving effect by desulphurization system quantitatively. A practical example proves its feasibility and scientific nature. The paper analyzes the structure of cost and effectiveness in WFGD of power plant using cost-effectiveness analysis method. They include the initial fixed investment, desulphurization agent consumption charge, and the consumption charges of water, power and steam in desulphurization system, fixed assets repairing cost, labor cost, saving and SO2emission charge, and gesso sales revenue etc. The paper puts forward the calculating methods of cost-effectiveness, total cost present value, cost-benefit ratio and net cost present value in each lifetime of the desulphurization system, and the sensitivity analysis on the economy of desulphurization system according to the factors, that is, power generating hour of power plant, the price of limestone and feed-in tariff. Combining with the desulphurization system of a power plant proves its feasibility. The paper puts forward the indicators for assessing the effectiveness economy of improving environmental quality of the desulphurization system. They are the environmental quality improving value per net present value, the environmental quality improving degree per net present value, net present value of per environmental quality improving degree. It gives the computing method about the three indicators, that is, application environmental quality improving value, environmental quality improving degree and net cost present value. It puts forward an analyzing method by using the indicators of the economy of desulphurization system and the economy analysis method of the environmental quality improving effect under the compensation policy on the desulphurization electricity price. And it puts forward the method of sensitivity analyzing on the indicators of the economy of desulphurization system and the economy of the environmental quality improving effect under the changes of power generating hour and the price of sulfuric acid. By using aforementioned methods, the paper assesses the economy of environmental quality improving effect by a power plant desulphurization system, and proves the feasibility of the methods. Finally, it gives some advice about the policy to build dynamic desulphurization electricity price mechanism and improving the economy of WFGD, based on aforementioned the economy of desulphurization system and the economy analysis on desulphurization system improving environmental quality.
引文
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