苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）大群体杂种F_1代若干性状变异特征及预先选择的研究
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摘要
杂交育种是苹果新品种选育的主要途径之一。但由于苹果具有遗传背景复杂、杂种后代童期长、性状分离广泛等特征，为定向育种带来了很大难度。长期以来，苹果育种者一直致力于寻求加速育种进程、提高育种效率的有效方法和途径。在育种实践中，按照育种目标，对杂种植株在生长早期进行预先选择与淘汰是解决这一难题的重要途径。了解主要表型性状在杂种后代中的分离变异特征，探索早期预先选择的适宜时期、选择强度与选择方法是使此途径付之实际应用的前提与基础，这尤其在“大群体”杂交育种实践中更为重要。
本研究以每组合不少于1000株的大群体杂种后代为试材，按照“优质、丰产、抗病性强”的总体育种目标，选用抗病性及重要表型性状的15个指标，对秦冠×富士、富士×秦冠、富士×嘎拉、嘎拉×富士、粉红女士×富士、富士×粉红女士等6个杂交组合的1～4年生实生苗的田间表现进行了连续3年的调查分析。以获得的大量调查数据为基础，利用生物统计与生物数学方法，研究了杂种后代主要性状的分离变异特征，初步提出了大群体后代早期选择的综合评价方法与模型。同时，结合对42个苹果栽培品种褐斑病(Marssonina coronarian (Ell.Et Davis) Davis)抗性的田间调查与室内鉴定，研究了苹果褐斑病抗性的生化机制。在对秦冠、富士杂种后代果实性状调查分析的基础上，初步提出了评价指标体系。本研究对建立适合我国国情的苹果高效育种技术体系有重要参考价值。
取得的主要研究结果如下：
1、早期落叶病是我国苹果抗病育种的主要目标之一，褐斑病则是早期落叶病的主要类型。通过对苹果栽培品种叶片褐斑病的田间发病状况调查与室内抗性鉴定，在供试的42个品种中，抗病品种有14个、其中高抗品种2个，感病品种有28个、其中高感品种7个。通过对不同抗性品种的防御酶系（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、多酚氧化酶PPO、过氧化物酶POD、苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL）活性及木质素含量的研究分析，结果表明，离体叶片接种病原菌后，均诱导SOD、PPO、POD和PAL4种酶活性和木质素含量的升高，但抗病与感病品种的SOD活性和PPO活性无显著差异，而抗病品种的POD活性和PAL活性以及木质素含量显著高于感病品种，初步认为POD和PAL的活性以及木质素含量与褐斑病抗性有关。本结果为苹果抗病育种的亲本选择以及抗病后代的早期选择提供了参考。
2、以抗病品种秦冠、感病品种富士及其杂种F_1代群体为试材，连续3年对苹果褐斑病的田间发生状况进行了调查分析。结果表明，杂种F_1代的褐斑病病情指数表现广泛分离，呈现偏正态分布，苹果褐斑病可能为主效基因控制和微效多基因共同作用的数量性状。分析发现，杂种F_1代中，抗病植株占49.1%，其中高抗（DI＜5）单株比率为7.0%，高感（DI＞50）单株为14.6%，初步确定淘汰极感病单株阈值为14.6%；正反交组合之间，后代抗病性表现不同，以秦冠为母本的杂交后代群体抗性较好。不同年份间，杂种后代群体平均病情指数相关系数达0.78～0.85，达到显著或极显著相关，大部分植株抗性表现稳定；根据病害发生规律，8月下旬是植株个体褐斑病抗性鉴定的最佳时期。
3、以6个杂交组合的1～4年生幼龄实生后代为材料，每个组合的调查群体数量不少于300株，选择株高、干茎、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、叶面积、叶形指数、叶绿素含量、叶柄长、叶柄粗、分枝角度、节间长、野生性（针刺枝）、抗病性（褐斑病、斑点病、白粉病）等15个表型性状指标，对其单株表现进行了田间调查分析，结果表明，多数性状在各组合杂种后代中存在广泛性分离变异。在秦冠、富士杂交F_1代实生苗中，性状变异大小顺序依次为：白粉病＞褐斑病＞斑点病＞株高＞叶面积＞干茎＞一年生枝长度＞野生性＞一年生枝粗度＞叶柄长＞节间长＞叶柄粗＞叶绿素含量＞叶形指数，其中前9个性状的变异系数均大于21.4%；通过绘制频数分布直方图和K-S正态性检验，发现株高、干茎、叶面积、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、野生性、斑点病和白粉病等8个性状符合正态分布规律，表明这些性状均为多基因控制的数量性状，具有较大的选择潜力，初步确定为苹果“大群体”杂种后代早期预先选择的指标。
4、运用“模糊数学综合—加权平均模型”方法，依据秦冠、富士杂交组合群体中100株后代的性状调查数据，对单个植株进行了多因素、多层次的综合评价。将符合正态分布的株高、干茎、叶面积、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、野生性、斑点病、白粉病8个数量性状指标分解为若干具体因素，可构成3个评判因素子集合（栽培性、抗病性、野生性）及全集合，综合得分范围为0.1258-0.7647，依据综合评分值可对杂种实生后代的优劣性进行量化考核。依据本组合既定的丰产、优质、抗病性强的育种目标以及杂种后代群体大小，初步确定得分大于0.6的为优良单株，优株早期选择率约为20%；确定得分低于0.35的单株为劣株，淘汰率约为30%。应用模糊数学综合评判法对多个性状指标进行综合量化，为“大群体”杂种后代早期预先选择时确定选择强度（淘汰率）提供了技术参考，其合理性尚待进一步的田间验证。
5、通过对多个组合杂种后代群体的调查分析，苹果杂种苗田间早期预先选择的适宜时段为3-4年生幼龄树，1-2年生幼龄树可用于抗病性调查。在早期选择程序上，根据育种目标，可首先进行抗病性选择，其次进行野生型植株淘汰，再次参考栽培性状相关性分析选择优株。
6、在对秦冠、富士及其360株杂种F_1代主要果实性状分离变异特征进行调查分析的基础上，采用灰色关联度和层次分析法，对其中品质较好的35个杂种后代样本的果实性状进行了综合评判。以单果重、着色程度、果形指数、果实硬度、风味等16个果实性状指标为评价基础，初步构建了评价指标体系，提出了各指标的合理权重系数。参照育种亲本确定“参考品种”，按照灰色关联度加权得分对参试样本进行综合排序，其中育种编号为5F2-31、6B1-4、6A2-23、5H2-56、6B2-20等5个杂种单株综合得分大于0.7，可初步确定为入选优系，其合理性正在进一步验证中。
Cross-breeding is one of main ways for new variety selection in apple. However, it hasbrought the very difficulty for the directive breeding due to its complex genetic background,long juvenility of seedlings, as well as widely separation of characters. Therefore, applebreeders have continuously endeavored to seek to new approaches for accelerating thebreeding process, shortening the breeding cycle and improving the breeding efficiency. In thebreeding practice, the pre-selection and elimination of F_1seedlings is one of effective ways tosolve these problems on the basis of the breeding goals. To understanding the separation andvariability of main phenotypic characters in the progenies, and exploring the optimalpre-selection period, intensity and method are basic preconditions for the application ofpre-selection in the breeding practice, which is more important for large groupe hybrid F_1progenies for pre-selection.
15traits were surveyed from six cross combinations (Qinguan×Fuji, Fuji×Qinguan,Fuji×Gala, Gala×Fuji, PinkLady×Fuji, Fuji×Pink Lady) of1-4years old F_1generations(with every combination more than one thousand seedlings) in the open field during threeconsecutive years. Based on the obtained data, the separation and variability trend of theseedlings were investigated using biostatistics and biomathematics methods. The pre-selectionmethods and models of large group hybrid F_1progenies were initially proposed. Concurrently,survey on incidence of marssonina mali in42apple (Malus domestica) cultivars grown in theopen field was conducted and their resistance to apple brown spot (M.mali) was evaluated inthe present study. In addition, the fruit evaluation index system was proposed by investigatingthe fruit quality traits from Qinguan×Fuji F_1progenies. This study will provide valuablereference for establishing an efficient apple breeding system in China.
The main results were presented as follows:
1. Early defoliation disease is one of the main objectives of apple breeding for diseaseresistance in China, among which apple brown spot (M. mali) is the main type of earlydefoliation disease. Survey on incidence of M. mali in42apple (Malus domestica) cultivarsgrown in the open field was conducted and their resistance to apple brown spot (M. mali) wasevaluated in the present study. Among the tested cultivars,14cultivars were found to beresistant, of which2were highly resistant to M. mali, while the rest28cultivars were susceptible,7of which were highly susceptible to M. mali. After M. mali inoculation, theactivities of SOD, PPO, POD and PAL and the content of lignin increased in different applecultivars. There was no significant difference in the activities of SOD and PPO betweenresistant and susceptible cultivars, whereas the activities of POD and PAL and content oflignin were higher in resistant cultivars than those of susceptible cultivars. These resultssuggested that POD and PAL activities, and lignin content of apple cultivars correlated withthe resistance to M. mali, which provided some references for parents selection in resistantbreeding and pre-selection of seedlings.
2. The disease-resistant apple cultivars Qinguan, disease-susceptible cultivar Fuji and F_1progenies were assessed for brown blot disease resistance following natural infection in thefield during three consecutive years. The results indicated that there was a wide variation anda partial normal distribution on disease index of F_1hybrids. These further suggested thatbrown blot disease was a quantity trait which was controlled by major genes and regulated byminor genes. The rate of resistant plants was about49.1%, and the rate ofhigh-resistance(DI<5) plant was7.0%, while the rate of high-infection(DI>50) plant was14.6%, and the threshold of eliminated deeply-susceptible was14.6%. Resistance to BrownBlot Disease from reciprocal crosses were different. When Qinguan was used as female, F_1hybrids have higher resistance. The correlation coefficient of average disease index indifferent years was0.78-0.85, the resistance of a majority of plants showed stably. The lateAugust is the best time to identify resistance of plant during disease occurs.
3. The15phenotypic traits of1-4-year old seedlings from six cross combinations (≥300for each combination), including plant height, stem diameter, shoot length, shoot diameter,leaf area, leaf shape index, chlorophyll content, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole diameter,branch angle, internode length, spine, disease resistance (apple brown spot, alternaria blotch,powdery mildew) were evaluated in the present study. The results showed that there was awide range of variability and separation in most of all phenotypic traits in each combination.The variability in seedlings from Qinguan×Fuji and Fuji×Qinguan combinations weresequenced as powdery mildew> marssonina mali> alternaria blotch> plant height> leaf area>stem diameter> shoot length> spine> shoot diameter> leaf petiole length> internodelength> leaf petiole diameter> chlorophyll content> leaf shape index, in which the variationrate of the first nine traits were greater than21.4%. The8phenotypic traits including plantheight, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, spine, disease index ofalternaria blotch and powdery mildew were normal distribution by frequency distributionhistograms drawing and K-S normality test, indicating that these traits exist great variation inthe seedlings, which belongs to the quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and can be used indexing factors for pre-selection in large group hybrid progenies.
4. The8quantitative phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shootlength, shoot diameter, spine, alternaria blotch and powdery mildew disease index) of100seedlings from Qinguan×Fuji and Fuji×Qin guan combinations, which meet normaldistribution, were further decomposed into a number of specific factors to constitute threesubset factors (cultivation, disease resistance and wildness) and the whole collection by usingfuzzy math-Weighted average mode. The score range from0.1258to0.7647, the seedlingscan be classified according to the composite score. In addition, the seedlings were selected20%and eliminated30%, which composite were>0.6score and <0.35, based on thebreeding objectives (high yield, high-quality, disease resistance), and the numbers of thehybrid progenies. The technology system and dynamic mathematical models of apple largegroup hybrid F_1progenies pre-selection was initially established through the application offuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method. The rationality would be furtherverified in the field.
5. Survey on several hybrid combination indicated that the moderate pre-selection periodof apple hybrid F_1progenies is3-4years old seedlings and1-2years old seedlings can beused for investigating disease resistance. The pre-selection could be conducted, following bydisease resistance, to eliminate some wildness seedlings and then select good performedseedlings with related to cultivar habit, according to breeding objectives.
6. The variability of fruit quality traits in360seedlings from Qinguan and Fujicombination were analyzed, and35seedlings with fine quality were evaluatedcomprehensively using gray relational grade analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The16fruit quality characteristics including fruit weight, coloring degree, fruit shape index, fruithardness, flavor etc, were used as an evaluation index system, and then established reasonablere-coefficient for each index through the analytic hierarchy process. The “reference variety”was determined according to breeding parents. The seedlings were scored according to thegray relational grade weighted score,5hybrids’(5F2-31,6B1-4,6A2-23,5H2-56,6B2-20)score were over than0.7, which performed better in comprehensive quality of this crosscombination and was determined as breeding objectives plants for further observation andevaluation. The rationality would be verified.
本研究以每组合不少于1000株的大群体杂种后代为试材，按照“优质、丰产、抗病性强”的总体育种目标，选用抗病性及重要表型性状的15个指标，对秦冠×富士、富士×秦冠、富士×嘎拉、嘎拉×富士、粉红女士×富士、富士×粉红女士等6个杂交组合的1～4年生实生苗的田间表现进行了连续3年的调查分析。以获得的大量调查数据为基础，利用生物统计与生物数学方法，研究了杂种后代主要性状的分离变异特征，初步提出了大群体后代早期选择的综合评价方法与模型。同时，结合对42个苹果栽培品种褐斑病(Marssonina coronarian (Ell.Et Davis) Davis)抗性的田间调查与室内鉴定，研究了苹果褐斑病抗性的生化机制。在对秦冠、富士杂种后代果实性状调查分析的基础上，初步提出了评价指标体系。本研究对建立适合我国国情的苹果高效育种技术体系有重要参考价值。
取得的主要研究结果如下：
1、早期落叶病是我国苹果抗病育种的主要目标之一，褐斑病则是早期落叶病的主要类型。通过对苹果栽培品种叶片褐斑病的田间发病状况调查与室内抗性鉴定，在供试的42个品种中，抗病品种有14个、其中高抗品种2个，感病品种有28个、其中高感品种7个。通过对不同抗性品种的防御酶系（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、多酚氧化酶PPO、过氧化物酶POD、苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL）活性及木质素含量的研究分析，结果表明，离体叶片接种病原菌后，均诱导SOD、PPO、POD和PAL4种酶活性和木质素含量的升高，但抗病与感病品种的SOD活性和PPO活性无显著差异，而抗病品种的POD活性和PAL活性以及木质素含量显著高于感病品种，初步认为POD和PAL的活性以及木质素含量与褐斑病抗性有关。本结果为苹果抗病育种的亲本选择以及抗病后代的早期选择提供了参考。
2、以抗病品种秦冠、感病品种富士及其杂种F_1代群体为试材，连续3年对苹果褐斑病的田间发生状况进行了调查分析。结果表明，杂种F_1代的褐斑病病情指数表现广泛分离，呈现偏正态分布，苹果褐斑病可能为主效基因控制和微效多基因共同作用的数量性状。分析发现，杂种F_1代中，抗病植株占49.1%，其中高抗（DI＜5）单株比率为7.0%，高感（DI＞50）单株为14.6%，初步确定淘汰极感病单株阈值为14.6%；正反交组合之间，后代抗病性表现不同，以秦冠为母本的杂交后代群体抗性较好。不同年份间，杂种后代群体平均病情指数相关系数达0.78～0.85，达到显著或极显著相关，大部分植株抗性表现稳定；根据病害发生规律，8月下旬是植株个体褐斑病抗性鉴定的最佳时期。
3、以6个杂交组合的1～4年生幼龄实生后代为材料，每个组合的调查群体数量不少于300株，选择株高、干茎、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、叶面积、叶形指数、叶绿素含量、叶柄长、叶柄粗、分枝角度、节间长、野生性（针刺枝）、抗病性（褐斑病、斑点病、白粉病）等15个表型性状指标，对其单株表现进行了田间调查分析，结果表明，多数性状在各组合杂种后代中存在广泛性分离变异。在秦冠、富士杂交F_1代实生苗中，性状变异大小顺序依次为：白粉病＞褐斑病＞斑点病＞株高＞叶面积＞干茎＞一年生枝长度＞野生性＞一年生枝粗度＞叶柄长＞节间长＞叶柄粗＞叶绿素含量＞叶形指数，其中前9个性状的变异系数均大于21.4%；通过绘制频数分布直方图和K-S正态性检验，发现株高、干茎、叶面积、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、野生性、斑点病和白粉病等8个性状符合正态分布规律，表明这些性状均为多基因控制的数量性状，具有较大的选择潜力，初步确定为苹果“大群体”杂种后代早期预先选择的指标。
4、运用“模糊数学综合—加权平均模型”方法，依据秦冠、富士杂交组合群体中100株后代的性状调查数据，对单个植株进行了多因素、多层次的综合评价。将符合正态分布的株高、干茎、叶面积、一年生枝长度、一年生枝粗度、野生性、斑点病、白粉病8个数量性状指标分解为若干具体因素，可构成3个评判因素子集合（栽培性、抗病性、野生性）及全集合，综合得分范围为0.1258-0.7647，依据综合评分值可对杂种实生后代的优劣性进行量化考核。依据本组合既定的丰产、优质、抗病性强的育种目标以及杂种后代群体大小，初步确定得分大于0.6的为优良单株，优株早期选择率约为20%；确定得分低于0.35的单株为劣株，淘汰率约为30%。应用模糊数学综合评判法对多个性状指标进行综合量化，为“大群体”杂种后代早期预先选择时确定选择强度（淘汰率）提供了技术参考，其合理性尚待进一步的田间验证。
5、通过对多个组合杂种后代群体的调查分析，苹果杂种苗田间早期预先选择的适宜时段为3-4年生幼龄树，1-2年生幼龄树可用于抗病性调查。在早期选择程序上，根据育种目标，可首先进行抗病性选择，其次进行野生型植株淘汰，再次参考栽培性状相关性分析选择优株。
6、在对秦冠、富士及其360株杂种F_1代主要果实性状分离变异特征进行调查分析的基础上，采用灰色关联度和层次分析法，对其中品质较好的35个杂种后代样本的果实性状进行了综合评判。以单果重、着色程度、果形指数、果实硬度、风味等16个果实性状指标为评价基础，初步构建了评价指标体系，提出了各指标的合理权重系数。参照育种亲本确定“参考品种”，按照灰色关联度加权得分对参试样本进行综合排序，其中育种编号为5F2-31、6B1-4、6A2-23、5H2-56、6B2-20等5个杂种单株综合得分大于0.7，可初步确定为入选优系，其合理性正在进一步验证中。
Cross-breeding is one of main ways for new variety selection in apple. However, it hasbrought the very difficulty for the directive breeding due to its complex genetic background,long juvenility of seedlings, as well as widely separation of characters. Therefore, applebreeders have continuously endeavored to seek to new approaches for accelerating thebreeding process, shortening the breeding cycle and improving the breeding efficiency. In thebreeding practice, the pre-selection and elimination of F_1seedlings is one of effective ways tosolve these problems on the basis of the breeding goals. To understanding the separation andvariability of main phenotypic characters in the progenies, and exploring the optimalpre-selection period, intensity and method are basic preconditions for the application ofpre-selection in the breeding practice, which is more important for large groupe hybrid F_1progenies for pre-selection.
15traits were surveyed from six cross combinations (Qinguan×Fuji, Fuji×Qinguan,Fuji×Gala, Gala×Fuji, PinkLady×Fuji, Fuji×Pink Lady) of1-4years old F_1generations(with every combination more than one thousand seedlings) in the open field during threeconsecutive years. Based on the obtained data, the separation and variability trend of theseedlings were investigated using biostatistics and biomathematics methods. The pre-selectionmethods and models of large group hybrid F_1progenies were initially proposed. Concurrently,survey on incidence of marssonina mali in42apple (Malus domestica) cultivars grown in theopen field was conducted and their resistance to apple brown spot (M.mali) was evaluated inthe present study. In addition, the fruit evaluation index system was proposed by investigatingthe fruit quality traits from Qinguan×Fuji F_1progenies. This study will provide valuablereference for establishing an efficient apple breeding system in China.
The main results were presented as follows:
1. Early defoliation disease is one of the main objectives of apple breeding for diseaseresistance in China, among which apple brown spot (M. mali) is the main type of earlydefoliation disease. Survey on incidence of M. mali in42apple (Malus domestica) cultivarsgrown in the open field was conducted and their resistance to apple brown spot (M. mali) wasevaluated in the present study. Among the tested cultivars,14cultivars were found to beresistant, of which2were highly resistant to M. mali, while the rest28cultivars were susceptible,7of which were highly susceptible to M. mali. After M. mali inoculation, theactivities of SOD, PPO, POD and PAL and the content of lignin increased in different applecultivars. There was no significant difference in the activities of SOD and PPO betweenresistant and susceptible cultivars, whereas the activities of POD and PAL and content oflignin were higher in resistant cultivars than those of susceptible cultivars. These resultssuggested that POD and PAL activities, and lignin content of apple cultivars correlated withthe resistance to M. mali, which provided some references for parents selection in resistantbreeding and pre-selection of seedlings.
2. The disease-resistant apple cultivars Qinguan, disease-susceptible cultivar Fuji and F_1progenies were assessed for brown blot disease resistance following natural infection in thefield during three consecutive years. The results indicated that there was a wide variation anda partial normal distribution on disease index of F_1hybrids. These further suggested thatbrown blot disease was a quantity trait which was controlled by major genes and regulated byminor genes. The rate of resistant plants was about49.1%, and the rate ofhigh-resistance(DI<5) plant was7.0%, while the rate of high-infection(DI>50) plant was14.6%, and the threshold of eliminated deeply-susceptible was14.6%. Resistance to BrownBlot Disease from reciprocal crosses were different. When Qinguan was used as female, F_1hybrids have higher resistance. The correlation coefficient of average disease index indifferent years was0.78-0.85, the resistance of a majority of plants showed stably. The lateAugust is the best time to identify resistance of plant during disease occurs.
3. The15phenotypic traits of1-4-year old seedlings from six cross combinations (≥300for each combination), including plant height, stem diameter, shoot length, shoot diameter,leaf area, leaf shape index, chlorophyll content, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole diameter,branch angle, internode length, spine, disease resistance (apple brown spot, alternaria blotch,powdery mildew) were evaluated in the present study. The results showed that there was awide range of variability and separation in most of all phenotypic traits in each combination.The variability in seedlings from Qinguan×Fuji and Fuji×Qinguan combinations weresequenced as powdery mildew> marssonina mali> alternaria blotch> plant height> leaf area>stem diameter> shoot length> spine> shoot diameter> leaf petiole length> internodelength> leaf petiole diameter> chlorophyll content> leaf shape index, in which the variationrate of the first nine traits were greater than21.4%. The8phenotypic traits including plantheight, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, spine, disease index ofalternaria blotch and powdery mildew were normal distribution by frequency distributionhistograms drawing and K-S normality test, indicating that these traits exist great variation inthe seedlings, which belongs to the quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and can be used indexing factors for pre-selection in large group hybrid progenies.
4. The8quantitative phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shootlength, shoot diameter, spine, alternaria blotch and powdery mildew disease index) of100seedlings from Qinguan×Fuji and Fuji×Qin guan combinations, which meet normaldistribution, were further decomposed into a number of specific factors to constitute threesubset factors (cultivation, disease resistance and wildness) and the whole collection by usingfuzzy math-Weighted average mode. The score range from0.1258to0.7647, the seedlingscan be classified according to the composite score. In addition, the seedlings were selected20%and eliminated30%, which composite were>0.6score and <0.35, based on thebreeding objectives (high yield, high-quality, disease resistance), and the numbers of thehybrid progenies. The technology system and dynamic mathematical models of apple largegroup hybrid F_1progenies pre-selection was initially established through the application offuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method. The rationality would be furtherverified in the field.
5. Survey on several hybrid combination indicated that the moderate pre-selection periodof apple hybrid F_1progenies is3-4years old seedlings and1-2years old seedlings can beused for investigating disease resistance. The pre-selection could be conducted, following bydisease resistance, to eliminate some wildness seedlings and then select good performedseedlings with related to cultivar habit, according to breeding objectives.
6. The variability of fruit quality traits in360seedlings from Qinguan and Fujicombination were analyzed, and35seedlings with fine quality were evaluatedcomprehensively using gray relational grade analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The16fruit quality characteristics including fruit weight, coloring degree, fruit shape index, fruithardness, flavor etc, were used as an evaluation index system, and then established reasonablere-coefficient for each index through the analytic hierarchy process. The “reference variety”was determined according to breeding parents. The seedlings were scored according to thegray relational grade weighted score,5hybrids’(5F2-31,6B1-4,6A2-23,5H2-56,6B2-20)score were over than0.7, which performed better in comprehensive quality of this crosscombination and was determined as breeding objectives plants for further observation andevaluation. The rationality would be verified.
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