再生稻根芽萌发对母体营养与激素的响应
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摘要
2010～2011年,应用同位素示踪技术、抹芽技术、节插技术和化控技术,研究了水稻不同节位腋芽在自然母体、节插离体与抹芽母体(仅保留某一节位腋芽)条件下的再生特性,以及激素处理对不同节位腋芽在母体条件下的再生特性的影响。主要研究结果如下：
1.对头季与再生季的产量性状、物质生产分配比较研究表明,再生季株高、穗长、LAI、单株干物重、产量、穗粒数分别约相当于主季的1/2、2/3、1/8、1/5、2/5、1/3,再生季光合速率、根系活力、淀粉转运率和比叶重较主季高,千粒重、作物生长率、叶绿素含量和茎鞘可溶性糖转运率较主季小,净同化率较主季提高2倍左右,粒叶比较主季提高1.7倍以上。再生稻的米质略好于头季稻。
2.自然母体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,有效穗数和结实率对再生稻产量起决定作用,各节位再生稻有效穗数及其对总产量的贡献率随节位下降而降低,倒2、倒3两节对总产量的贡献率达70%左右。IAA含量和GA3含量一直表现为低位芽大于高位芽趋势；CTK含量收获后2d～7d高位芽大于低位芽,收获后12d～22d表现低位芽大于高位芽趋势。
3.节插离体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,有效穗数和穗粒数对再生稻产量起决定作用,LAI、单株干物重与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量、光合速率、根系活力与再生稻产量呈正相关。扦插后20d,根长、根量和根粗均随节位降低而增加,且低节位再生稻根系生长较高节位再生稻快。IAA含量一直表现高位芽大于低位芽趋势；GA3含量扦插后7d～12d低位芽较高,扦插后17d～22d高位芽较高；CTK含量扦插后7d高位芽较高,扦插后12d～22d低位芽较高。
4.抹芽母体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,再生稻产量随节位降低呈增加趋势,决定产量的首要因素是穗粒数,光合速率、粒叶比、LAI与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,叶绿素、根系活力、比叶重、单株千物质、作物生长率与净同化率与再生稻产量呈正相关。提高光合速率、粒叶比和LAI是提高再生稻产量的有效途径。
5.激素处理对腋芽再生特性影响的研究表明,决定再生稻产量高低的首要因素是穗粒数,激素处理产量性状和物质生产分配均以IAA2、GA3-2、6BA1和复配剂3等处理表现较好,再生稻产量均呈复配剂3> IAA2>6BA1>GA3-2的趋势。激素处理下倒4节再生稻产量较CK增幅最大,倒3节再生稻产量较CK增幅最小；叶绿素含量、光合速率与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,LAI、单株千物重、根系活力、全氮和碳水化合物含量与再生稻产量呈正相关。
In2010～2011, field experiment was conducted using four regulation techniques, isotope tracer technique, erasing redundant buds technique, node-cuttage and chemical control technique, to study the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under conditions of natural matrix (in vivo), node cottage (in vitro) and one-bud-retention matrix, and effect of hormone treatment on ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under matrix condition. The main results are as follows:
1. Comparative study on the ratooning characteristics, matter production and distribution between ratooning rice and its main crop showed that:plant height, panicle length, LAI, dry matter weight per plant, yield and grain number per panicle of rationing rice was about1/2,2/3,1/8,1/5,2/5and1/3of that of main crop, respectively. Comparing to main crop, photosynthesis rate, root activity, the transportion percent of starch in stem and sheath, and specific leaf weight of ratooning rice were higher, while1000-grain weight, crop growth rate was lower, chlorophyll content, the transportion percent of solube sugar in stem and sheath of ratooning rice were lower. Net assimilation rate and ratio of grain number to leaf area of rationing rice were3and2.7times of those of main crop, respectively. Rice quality of ratooning rice was better than that of main crop slightly.
2. Study on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes in natural matrix showed that:the number of effective panicle and seed setting rate affected yield of ratooning rice mostly. The number of effective panicles and it's contribution to yield were decreased with the decrement of node, and the2nd and3rd node from the top contributed70%to the total yield. Contents of IAA and GA3showed trend of lower-node buds> higher-node ones. Content of CTK in higher-node buds was higher than that in lower-node buds in2d～7d after harvest of main crop, the contrary trend was observed in12d～22d after harvest of main crop.
3. Studied on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes in vitro showed that:the number of effective panicle and grain number per panicle affected the yield of ratooning rice mostly. LAI, dry matter weight per hill were significantly positively related with yield of ratooning rice, and chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and root activity were positively related with yield of ratooning rice. On the20th d after node-cuttage, length, quantity and diameter of roots were increased with the increment of node, and growth of lower-node roots was faster than that of higher-node roots. Content of IAA showed trend of higher-node buds> lower-node ones. Content of GA3in lower-node buds was higher in7d-12d after node-cuttage, while it showed the contrary trend in17d-22d after node-cuttage. Content of CTK in higher-node buds was higher on the7th d after node-cuttage, while it was showed the contrary trend in12d-22d after node-cuttage.
4. Studies on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under one-bud-retention matrix showed that:yield of rationing rice was increased with the decrement of nodes, and grain number per panicle was the most important factor affected yield of ratooning rice. Significant positive correlation between photosynthesis rate, grain-leaf ratio, LAI and yield of rationing rice existed, and positive correlation existed between chlorophyll content, root activity, specific leaf weight, dry matter weight per hill, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and yield of rationing rice. Improvement of photosynthesis rate, grain-leaf ratio and LAI was the effective path to heighten yield of rationing nee.
5. Study on effect of hormone treatment on ratooning properties of axillary buds showed that:grain number per panicle was the primary factor affected yield of ratooning rice. As for improve the yield and matter distribution, IAA2, GA3-2,6BA1and compounded agent3were the optimal hormone treatment. Yield of rationing rice showed trend of compounded agent3> IAA2>6BA1> GA3-2. Comparing to CK, the increasing extent of yield of ratooning rice from4th node from the top was biggest in hormone treatment, and that of3rd node from the top was smallest. Chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were significantly related positively with the ratooning yield, and LAI, dry matter weight per hill, root activity, content of total N and carbohydrate were related positively with the ratooning yield.
1.对头季与再生季的产量性状、物质生产分配比较研究表明,再生季株高、穗长、LAI、单株干物重、产量、穗粒数分别约相当于主季的1/2、2/3、1/8、1/5、2/5、1/3,再生季光合速率、根系活力、淀粉转运率和比叶重较主季高,千粒重、作物生长率、叶绿素含量和茎鞘可溶性糖转运率较主季小,净同化率较主季提高2倍左右,粒叶比较主季提高1.7倍以上。再生稻的米质略好于头季稻。
2.自然母体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,有效穗数和结实率对再生稻产量起决定作用,各节位再生稻有效穗数及其对总产量的贡献率随节位下降而降低,倒2、倒3两节对总产量的贡献率达70%左右。IAA含量和GA3含量一直表现为低位芽大于高位芽趋势；CTK含量收获后2d～7d高位芽大于低位芽,收获后12d～22d表现低位芽大于高位芽趋势。
3.节插离体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,有效穗数和穗粒数对再生稻产量起决定作用,LAI、单株干物重与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量、光合速率、根系活力与再生稻产量呈正相关。扦插后20d,根长、根量和根粗均随节位降低而增加,且低节位再生稻根系生长较高节位再生稻快。IAA含量一直表现高位芽大于低位芽趋势；GA3含量扦插后7d～12d低位芽较高,扦插后17d～22d高位芽较高；CTK含量扦插后7d高位芽较高,扦插后12d～22d低位芽较高。
4.抹芽母体条件下不同节位腋芽再生特性的研究表明,再生稻产量随节位降低呈增加趋势,决定产量的首要因素是穗粒数,光合速率、粒叶比、LAI与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,叶绿素、根系活力、比叶重、单株千物质、作物生长率与净同化率与再生稻产量呈正相关。提高光合速率、粒叶比和LAI是提高再生稻产量的有效途径。
5.激素处理对腋芽再生特性影响的研究表明,决定再生稻产量高低的首要因素是穗粒数,激素处理产量性状和物质生产分配均以IAA2、GA3-2、6BA1和复配剂3等处理表现较好,再生稻产量均呈复配剂3> IAA2>6BA1>GA3-2的趋势。激素处理下倒4节再生稻产量较CK增幅最大,倒3节再生稻产量较CK增幅最小；叶绿素含量、光合速率与再生稻产量呈显著正相关,LAI、单株千物重、根系活力、全氮和碳水化合物含量与再生稻产量呈正相关。
In2010～2011, field experiment was conducted using four regulation techniques, isotope tracer technique, erasing redundant buds technique, node-cuttage and chemical control technique, to study the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under conditions of natural matrix (in vivo), node cottage (in vitro) and one-bud-retention matrix, and effect of hormone treatment on ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under matrix condition. The main results are as follows:
1. Comparative study on the ratooning characteristics, matter production and distribution between ratooning rice and its main crop showed that:plant height, panicle length, LAI, dry matter weight per plant, yield and grain number per panicle of rationing rice was about1/2,2/3,1/8,1/5,2/5and1/3of that of main crop, respectively. Comparing to main crop, photosynthesis rate, root activity, the transportion percent of starch in stem and sheath, and specific leaf weight of ratooning rice were higher, while1000-grain weight, crop growth rate was lower, chlorophyll content, the transportion percent of solube sugar in stem and sheath of ratooning rice were lower. Net assimilation rate and ratio of grain number to leaf area of rationing rice were3and2.7times of those of main crop, respectively. Rice quality of ratooning rice was better than that of main crop slightly.
2. Study on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes in natural matrix showed that:the number of effective panicle and seed setting rate affected yield of ratooning rice mostly. The number of effective panicles and it's contribution to yield were decreased with the decrement of node, and the2nd and3rd node from the top contributed70%to the total yield. Contents of IAA and GA3showed trend of lower-node buds> higher-node ones. Content of CTK in higher-node buds was higher than that in lower-node buds in2d～7d after harvest of main crop, the contrary trend was observed in12d～22d after harvest of main crop.
3. Studied on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes in vitro showed that:the number of effective panicle and grain number per panicle affected the yield of ratooning rice mostly. LAI, dry matter weight per hill were significantly positively related with yield of ratooning rice, and chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and root activity were positively related with yield of ratooning rice. On the20th d after node-cuttage, length, quantity and diameter of roots were increased with the increment of node, and growth of lower-node roots was faster than that of higher-node roots. Content of IAA showed trend of higher-node buds> lower-node ones. Content of GA3in lower-node buds was higher in7d-12d after node-cuttage, while it showed the contrary trend in17d-22d after node-cuttage. Content of CTK in higher-node buds was higher on the7th d after node-cuttage, while it was showed the contrary trend in12d-22d after node-cuttage.
4. Studies on the ratooning properties of axillary buds from different nodes under one-bud-retention matrix showed that:yield of rationing rice was increased with the decrement of nodes, and grain number per panicle was the most important factor affected yield of ratooning rice. Significant positive correlation between photosynthesis rate, grain-leaf ratio, LAI and yield of rationing rice existed, and positive correlation existed between chlorophyll content, root activity, specific leaf weight, dry matter weight per hill, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and yield of rationing rice. Improvement of photosynthesis rate, grain-leaf ratio and LAI was the effective path to heighten yield of rationing nee.
5. Study on effect of hormone treatment on ratooning properties of axillary buds showed that:grain number per panicle was the primary factor affected yield of ratooning rice. As for improve the yield and matter distribution, IAA2, GA3-2,6BA1and compounded agent3were the optimal hormone treatment. Yield of rationing rice showed trend of compounded agent3> IAA2>6BA1> GA3-2. Comparing to CK, the increasing extent of yield of ratooning rice from4th node from the top was biggest in hormone treatment, and that of3rd node from the top was smallest. Chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were significantly related positively with the ratooning yield, and LAI, dry matter weight per hill, root activity, content of total N and carbohydrate were related positively with the ratooning yield.
引文
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