无线移动自组织网络QoS路由协议研究
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摘要
QOS(服务质量)路由协议是无线移动Ad Hoc网络实现多媒体数据业务应用的关键问题,但是到目前为止,Ad Hoc网络中的QoS路由算法还难以满足实际应用的需求,存在着不少期待解决的问题。本文在深入分析、研究现有的QoS路由协议和多播路由协议的基础上,针对Ad Hoc网络的QoS模型、QOS信令、多QoS、Steiner多播树和分簇算法等问题,重点深入研究了自适应分簇多播路由协议、多QoS多播路由协议和基于混合遗传算法的多QoS多播路由算法的智能优化等问题。
本文的主要研究工作及创新性体现在以下几个方面：
1.无线移动Ad Hoc网络的QoS系统的研究。
从无线移动Ad Hoc网络的基本概念入手,本文首先介绍了Ad Hoc网络的拓扑结构及协议栈结构；然后重点研究了Ad Hoc网络的QoS模型、QoS信令；接着详细分析、比较了几种典型的QoS路由协议的优缺点；最后对著名的网络仿真平台NS2的工作原理进行了简要的介绍。
2.提出了一种自适应分簇多播路由协议ACMRN。
QOS多播路由协议是Ad Hoc网络中网络层的一个重要组成部分,它的主要目标是寻找一棵能够满足QoS约束条件的最优多播树,使得网络在满足数据业务的QoS需求的同时,可以提高并改善有限的网络资源的使用效率。本文在研究各种多播路由协议的基础上,发现它们存在着不同程度的局限性。有的只适合于平面结构型的小规模Ad Hoc网络；而有的则只适合于分层拓扑结构型的大规模网络；有的在多播树的组建上始终得不到最优问题解等。针对这些问题,本文首先设计了一种分簇路由算法EWCRA,接着设计了一种基于Steiner树的最优化的多播路由树构造算法NOST,最后结合这两种算法提出了一种自适应分簇多播路由协议ACMRN。实验表明,ACMRN协议的性能优于同类路由协议。
3.设计了一种多QOS多播路由协议MQMRP。
本文深入研究了多QoS模型和多目标的线性规划问题,在ACMRN协议基础上设计了一种多QoS多播路由协议MQMRP。它对多QoS目标进行线性优化,能根据实际数据业务的QoS要求自适应建立最优的NOST多播树,在路由维护过程中采用灵活的剪枝操作和资源预留机制。仿真实验表明,MQMRP的分组投递率高,时延和路由开销却相对较低。
4.建议了一种基于混合遗传算法的多QoS多播路由协议MQMFGA。
遗传算法是一种影响广泛的生物进化计算方法,它的强有力的随机搜索与优化能力对于求解NP完全问题有很大的帮助。本文深入研究了各种生物智能优化算法的工作机制,设计了一种新的基于遗传算法的多目标约束的最短路径算法MQGASP;为了进一步解决多播树的智能优化问题,又提出了一种新的基于遗传算法的多QoS约束的多播树的生成算法CMSTGA;最后结合这两种算法建议了一种基于混合遗传算法的多QoS多播路由协议MQMFGA。模糊选择策略及禁忌搜索算法确保MQMFGA能收敛到全局最优解,抢先式的路由维护机制使得它的路由稳定,能量消耗少,分组投递率高于同类路由协议。实验仿真证明了它的性能达到了预期的效果。
最后,本文进行了工作总结,并提出了本课题有待于进一步研究的问题及将来的研究计划。
本文得到国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号：61171075,60672137,60773211,60970064)、国家软件开发环境重点实验室开放基金课题(批准号：SKLSDE-2009KF-2-02)、教育部博士点基金项目(批准号：20060497105)、新世纪优秀人才支持计划(批准号：NCET-08-0806)、霍英东高校青年教师基金基础性研究课题(批准号：121067)、武汉市科技攻关项目(批准号：201010621207)和湖北省杰出青年人才基金(批准号：2008CDB335)的资助。
QoS (Quality of Service) routing protocol is the key to achieve multimedia applications in wireless Ad Hoc networks, but so far the QoS routing algorithms can not meet the needs of the practical application, there are lots of problems which have not been solved. This dissertation researches the existing QoS routing protocols and multicast routing protocols in depth in Ad Hoc networks, including QoS model, QoS signaling, multiple QoS, Steiner multicast tree and clustering algorithm etc.
The following work is accomplished in this dissertation:
1. Research QoS system in wireless mobile Ad Hoc networks.
At first, the topology of wireless mobile Ad Hoc networks and the protocol stack structure are introduced, then some themes in Ad Hoc networks are researched as key parts, such as QoS model, QoS signaling and several typical QoS routing protocol. At last, we make a further study on NS2, the well-known network simulator, and introduce its work principle and structure in detail.
2. Propose an adaptive clustering multicast routing protocol (ACMRN).
QoS multicast routing protocol is an important componet of network layer in Ad Hoc network, its main goal is to find an optimal multicast tree, which can meet the QoS constraints and enhance the utilization of limited network resource. Based on the research of all kinds of multicast routing protocols, we find there are varying degrees of limitaions. Some are only suitable for small-scale Ad Hoc networks, and others can not obtain the optimal solution etc. To solve these problems, at first, this dissertation design a efficient weight-based clustering routing algorithm (EWCRA), then design a nearest optimal Steiner tree algorithm (NOST), finally, combining these two algorithm, this dissertation proposes a adaptive clustering multicast routing protocol based on NOST (ACMRN). Simulations show that the performance of ACMRN is as full and complete as we expected.
3. Design a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol (MQMRP).
This dissertation researches multiple QoS model and Multi-objective linear programming, designs a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol (MQMRP) based on ACMRN. It is adaptive to establish an optimal NOST multicast tree according to actual QoS requirements, flexible pruning operations and resource reservation mechanism are used in the routing maintenance process. Simulations show the packet delivery ratio of MQMRP is higher, and its average transmission delay and routing overhead are relatively low.
4. Propose a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol based on fuzzy genetic algorithm for Ad Hoc.
The genetic algorithm is a famous biological evolutionary computation algorithm, its powerful random search and optimization capabilities are greatly helpful to solve NP-complete problem. This dissertation, firstly, designs a multiple QoS based on GA shortest path algorithm (MQGASP), then, proposes a constrained-minimum spanning tree based on GA algorithm (CMSTGA). At last, we propose a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol based on fuzzy genetic algorithm for Ad Hoc (MQMFGA). Fuzzy selection strategies and tabu search algorithms can ensure MQMFGA converge to the global optimal solution, preemptive routing maintenance mechanism makes its routing stability, less energy consumption and packet delivery ratio is higher than others. The experimental simulations show its performance meets the expected results.
Finally, some conclusions for this dissertation are made and some suggestions for future research on this field are given.
This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:61171075,60672137,60773211,6097006), Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment(No:SKLSDE-2009KF-2-02), New Century Excellent Talents in university(No:NCET-08-0806), Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of China(No:121067), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No:20060497105), NSF of Wuhan Municipality (No:201010621207) and the National Science Foundation of HuBei Province(No:2008CDB335).
本文的主要研究工作及创新性体现在以下几个方面：
1.无线移动Ad Hoc网络的QoS系统的研究。
从无线移动Ad Hoc网络的基本概念入手,本文首先介绍了Ad Hoc网络的拓扑结构及协议栈结构；然后重点研究了Ad Hoc网络的QoS模型、QoS信令；接着详细分析、比较了几种典型的QoS路由协议的优缺点；最后对著名的网络仿真平台NS2的工作原理进行了简要的介绍。
2.提出了一种自适应分簇多播路由协议ACMRN。
QOS多播路由协议是Ad Hoc网络中网络层的一个重要组成部分,它的主要目标是寻找一棵能够满足QoS约束条件的最优多播树,使得网络在满足数据业务的QoS需求的同时,可以提高并改善有限的网络资源的使用效率。本文在研究各种多播路由协议的基础上,发现它们存在着不同程度的局限性。有的只适合于平面结构型的小规模Ad Hoc网络；而有的则只适合于分层拓扑结构型的大规模网络；有的在多播树的组建上始终得不到最优问题解等。针对这些问题,本文首先设计了一种分簇路由算法EWCRA,接着设计了一种基于Steiner树的最优化的多播路由树构造算法NOST,最后结合这两种算法提出了一种自适应分簇多播路由协议ACMRN。实验表明,ACMRN协议的性能优于同类路由协议。
3.设计了一种多QOS多播路由协议MQMRP。
本文深入研究了多QoS模型和多目标的线性规划问题,在ACMRN协议基础上设计了一种多QoS多播路由协议MQMRP。它对多QoS目标进行线性优化,能根据实际数据业务的QoS要求自适应建立最优的NOST多播树,在路由维护过程中采用灵活的剪枝操作和资源预留机制。仿真实验表明,MQMRP的分组投递率高,时延和路由开销却相对较低。
4.建议了一种基于混合遗传算法的多QoS多播路由协议MQMFGA。
遗传算法是一种影响广泛的生物进化计算方法,它的强有力的随机搜索与优化能力对于求解NP完全问题有很大的帮助。本文深入研究了各种生物智能优化算法的工作机制,设计了一种新的基于遗传算法的多目标约束的最短路径算法MQGASP;为了进一步解决多播树的智能优化问题,又提出了一种新的基于遗传算法的多QoS约束的多播树的生成算法CMSTGA;最后结合这两种算法建议了一种基于混合遗传算法的多QoS多播路由协议MQMFGA。模糊选择策略及禁忌搜索算法确保MQMFGA能收敛到全局最优解,抢先式的路由维护机制使得它的路由稳定,能量消耗少,分组投递率高于同类路由协议。实验仿真证明了它的性能达到了预期的效果。
最后,本文进行了工作总结,并提出了本课题有待于进一步研究的问题及将来的研究计划。
本文得到国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号：61171075,60672137,60773211,60970064)、国家软件开发环境重点实验室开放基金课题(批准号：SKLSDE-2009KF-2-02)、教育部博士点基金项目(批准号：20060497105)、新世纪优秀人才支持计划(批准号：NCET-08-0806)、霍英东高校青年教师基金基础性研究课题(批准号：121067)、武汉市科技攻关项目(批准号：201010621207)和湖北省杰出青年人才基金(批准号：2008CDB335)的资助。
QoS (Quality of Service) routing protocol is the key to achieve multimedia applications in wireless Ad Hoc networks, but so far the QoS routing algorithms can not meet the needs of the practical application, there are lots of problems which have not been solved. This dissertation researches the existing QoS routing protocols and multicast routing protocols in depth in Ad Hoc networks, including QoS model, QoS signaling, multiple QoS, Steiner multicast tree and clustering algorithm etc.
The following work is accomplished in this dissertation:
1. Research QoS system in wireless mobile Ad Hoc networks.
At first, the topology of wireless mobile Ad Hoc networks and the protocol stack structure are introduced, then some themes in Ad Hoc networks are researched as key parts, such as QoS model, QoS signaling and several typical QoS routing protocol. At last, we make a further study on NS2, the well-known network simulator, and introduce its work principle and structure in detail.
2. Propose an adaptive clustering multicast routing protocol (ACMRN).
QoS multicast routing protocol is an important componet of network layer in Ad Hoc network, its main goal is to find an optimal multicast tree, which can meet the QoS constraints and enhance the utilization of limited network resource. Based on the research of all kinds of multicast routing protocols, we find there are varying degrees of limitaions. Some are only suitable for small-scale Ad Hoc networks, and others can not obtain the optimal solution etc. To solve these problems, at first, this dissertation design a efficient weight-based clustering routing algorithm (EWCRA), then design a nearest optimal Steiner tree algorithm (NOST), finally, combining these two algorithm, this dissertation proposes a adaptive clustering multicast routing protocol based on NOST (ACMRN). Simulations show that the performance of ACMRN is as full and complete as we expected.
3. Design a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol (MQMRP).
This dissertation researches multiple QoS model and Multi-objective linear programming, designs a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol (MQMRP) based on ACMRN. It is adaptive to establish an optimal NOST multicast tree according to actual QoS requirements, flexible pruning operations and resource reservation mechanism are used in the routing maintenance process. Simulations show the packet delivery ratio of MQMRP is higher, and its average transmission delay and routing overhead are relatively low.
4. Propose a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol based on fuzzy genetic algorithm for Ad Hoc.
The genetic algorithm is a famous biological evolutionary computation algorithm, its powerful random search and optimization capabilities are greatly helpful to solve NP-complete problem. This dissertation, firstly, designs a multiple QoS based on GA shortest path algorithm (MQGASP), then, proposes a constrained-minimum spanning tree based on GA algorithm (CMSTGA). At last, we propose a multiple QoS multicast routing protocol based on fuzzy genetic algorithm for Ad Hoc (MQMFGA). Fuzzy selection strategies and tabu search algorithms can ensure MQMFGA converge to the global optimal solution, preemptive routing maintenance mechanism makes its routing stability, less energy consumption and packet delivery ratio is higher than others. The experimental simulations show its performance meets the expected results.
Finally, some conclusions for this dissertation are made and some suggestions for future research on this field are given.
This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:61171075,60672137,60773211,6097006), Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment(No:SKLSDE-2009KF-2-02), New Century Excellent Talents in university(No:NCET-08-0806), Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of China(No:121067), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No:20060497105), NSF of Wuhan Municipality (No:201010621207) and the National Science Foundation of HuBei Province(No:2008CDB335).
引文
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