IEEE 1451混合接入模式下网络化智能传感系统建模与实现
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摘要
论文从智能传感器的功能构架入手，重点研究网络化智能传感器面向对象信息流层次化动态建模、混合接入模式下的智能传感系统即插即用策略与实现、智能传感系统集群服务器负载均衡评价与实现等理论与方法，并应用于网络化智能称重传感系统中。对于网络化智能传感技术的发展，促进现代制造业的信息化，具有重要的学术价值和实际意义。研究工作得到教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0211)、广东省高等学校高层次人才项目、广东省科技厅工业攻关项目(2008B010400043)、广州市科技支撑计划项目(2009Z2-D531)资助。
论文研究IEEE1451混合接入模式下网络化智能传感系统建模与实现，从IEEE1451标准、智能传感系统建模、智能传感系统即插即用、智能传感系统负载均衡四个方面，综述国内外研究进展，确定论文的研究内容。主要工作包括：
⑴结合UML静态描述与Petri网动态分析特点，研究面向对象信息流层次化动态IFHD建模方法与应用，结合广义随机Petri网、连续时间马尔可夫链CTMC方法简化模型，实现IFHD模型动态性能评价。该方法采用UML图描述信息流静态属性，制定转换规则、构造映射表，实现UML图到Petri网模型转换，利用模型优化与简化，形象、直观地描述了传感器静态结构与动态行为，准确表述智能传感器结构部署、信息流向及其与用户、外围设备交互关系。借助CPN Tools工具，对IEEE1451网络化智能传感器IFHD模型，分析可达性、有界性、活性、死锁特性；基于IFHD模型的应用，提出采用可控连续采样、增加有效数据长度、调整数据缓存方式的改善接口性能策略，讨论了传感信息到达时间间隔、信道忙概率、WTIM重发次数对WTIM网络性能影响规律，在多传感通道数据采集方式下TIM宜采用最小延迟优先调度方法MDPS。
⑵针对串口通信最小脉冲宽度难以直接测量以及多个TIM同时通信会发生数据冲突的问题，提出基于排序脉宽差分(SPWD)波特率自适应方法和多等级动态退避(MLDB)算法，实现数据冲突合理退避、波特率自适应的有线传感接口即插即用。基于排序脉宽差分波特率自适应方法，由TIM采集串行总线若干通信脉冲，采用排序脉宽差分反复计算，获得最小脉冲宽度，再借助通信确认机制，实现TIM与NCAP波特率自适应。多等级动态退避算法基于NCAP、TIM操作不同优先级划分，对不同数据冲突采取不同处理，结合TEDS参数信息选取竞争窗口，能够实现数据冲突合理退避，平均吞吐量提高47.14%，平均时延减少69.18%，有效优化了IEEE1451智能传感器有线传感接口即插即用性能。
⑶研究基于定期关联匹配通信(PAMC)的无线传感接口即插即用以及基于UPnP的网络接口即插即用机理。提出了基于ZigBee无线接入IEEE1451智能传感系统构架与流程，通过研究关联信息的帧格式定义方式、关联配置表参数选择与更新机制、ZigBee网络参数的实时保存方法三个关键技术实现定期关联匹配通信。研究了TEDS数据结构简化、ZigBee路由算法改进措施，借助ZigBee节点邻居表与节点特性参数，实现无线传感接口即插即用数据最优路径传输。实验结果表明，算法改进后平均跳数减少42.9%，平均时延降低28.1%，大大提高数据传输效率及网络实时性。采用基于信息公理的UPnP设备优选方法，将参数信息量计算分布在满足服务要求的NCAP，不必采用权重及规范化处理就可实现多设备满足服务要求时的设备优选，减少了网络接口数据流量开销，使UPnP设备服务效率得到提高。
⑷提出一种基于概率优先灰色马氏链预测(PP-GMCP)的网络化智能传感系统负载均衡实现方法，研究网络化智能传感系统负载均衡仿真平台，进行负载均衡算法测试验证。该方法针对NCAP不同Web服务，建立不同服务请求访问概率表，确定服务队列优先级，避免依靠TCP端口号进行数据转发控制而造成访问流量滞留；利用网络带宽占有率、CPU占用率、内存使用率、IO使用率、进程队列占用率实时监控NCAP负载状态，结合灰色GM(1,1)和马氏链预测有效预测NCAP负载容量；提出最高优先级概率优先(PPHP)策略执行服务调度，使用最小负载概率优先(PPML)策略执行服务分配，为NCAP提供了一种负载粒度更细的均衡方法。
⑸开展基于IEEE1451的网络化智能称重传感系统整体设计、称重传感器高精度设计与参数优化、系统软件平台开发等研究，检验整体应用效果。采取Σ-Δ模数转换、比率测量、斩波输入、同步抑制、温度补偿与自校准等技术提高智能称重传感器测量精度；提出将有效比特位数ENOB作为优化综合指标，采用正交实验方法实现称重传感器参数优化配置；从功能角度提出网络化智能称重传感器TIM、NCAP具体结构，结合信息流层次化动态混合建模方法进行功能建模；搭建智能称重传感器有线、无线接口、网络接口即插即用测试系统。
试验表明，采用概率优先灰色马氏链预测(PP-GMCP)算法，综合考虑不同服务请求对NCAP资源影响，将服务请求均衡地分布到不同NCAP，相较于加权循环调度算法(WRR)、最小连接数调度算法(LCS)，其平均服务响应延迟时间分别降低11.1%、25.1%，数据测量服务平均响应速率分别提高35.0%、11.1%，24小时内的NCAP负载量变化为815bit/s~1300bit/s，波动范围最小，具有更好的负载均衡效果。采用PAMC后ZigBee传感接口的平均首次入网时间Tfen、重复入网时间Tren、故障断网时间Tcut相对采用PAMC前，分别降低2.33%、77.02%、1.18%；采用MLDB后RS485传感接口的平均识别时间Treg、识别率Preg相对采用MLDB前，Treg降低15%、Preg提高0.48%，获得了理想即插即用性能测试结果；网络化智能称重传感器及软件平台经广东省质量监督计量器具检验站、中国赛宝实验室检测，各项指标均达到或优于项目要求。这充分表明论文所研究的网络化智能传感系统基础理论的正确性、有效性。
This paper starts with the functions of intelligent sensor structure, mainly researches onobject-oriented information flow hierarchical dynamic modeling of networked intelligentsensors, intelligent sensing system plug and play strategy and realization under mixed accessmode, intelligent sensing system cluster server load balancing evaluation and realization, andapplies these theory and methods to networked intelligent weighing sensors system. It hasimportant academic value and practical significance for development of networked intelligentsensing technology, promotion modern manufacturing informatization. The research work issupported by the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from Ministry ofEducation of China (NCET-08-0211), High-level Talents Project of Guangdong higher school,Industrial Research Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2008B010400043), and Technology Support Project of Guangzhou (2009Z2-D531).
The dissertation researches on modeling and realization of networked intelligent sensingsystem under IEEE1451mixed access mode, summarizes the domestic and foreign researchprogress from IEEE1451standard, intelligent sensing system modeling, intelligent sensingsystem plug and play, and intelligent sensing system load balancing, and determines researchcontents. Primary work includes:
⑴Combining UML static description with Petri Net dynamic analysis, researches onobject-oriented information flow hierarchical dynamic (IFHD) modeling method andapplication. Integrating generalized stochastic Petri Net and continuous time markov chain(CTMC), simplifies models, and realizes IFHD model dynamic performance evaluation. Themethod uses UML graphs descript information flow static attributes, establishes conversionrules, construct mapping table, and realizes the conversion of UML graphs to Petri Netmodel. Utilizing model optimization and simplification, static structure and dynamicbehaviors of sensors are described iconically and intuitively, and intelligent sensor structuredeployment, information flow direction, and its interactive relation with users and peripheralequipment are represented exactly. With the aid of CPN Tools, the reachability, boundedness,liveness, and deadlock features of IEEE1451networked intelligent sensor IFHD model are analyzed. Based on IFHD model application, interface performance improvement strategiesare proposed, such as adopting controllable continuous sampling, increasing valid data length,and adjusting data buffer mode. The regular influences of sensing information arrive interval,channel busy probability, and WTIM retransmission number on WTIM networkperformance are discussed. Under multi sensing channels data sampling method, TIM shouldadopt minimum delay priority scheduling (MDPS).
⑵Aiming at serial port communication minimum pulse width difficult to be measureddirectly, and several TIM communicating simultaneously cause to data collision, sortingpulse width difference (SPWD) baud rate self-adaptation method and multi levels dynamicbackoff (MLDB) algorithm are put forwarded to realize data collision reasonable withdrawn,and plug and play of baud rate self-adapting wired sensing interface. The SPWD baud rateself-adaptation method acquires a number of communication pulses of serial bus by TIM,uses sorting pulse width difference calculate minimum pulse width, and with the help ofcommunication confirm mechanism, implemented TIM baud rate self-adaptation with NCAP.Based on different NCAP and TIM operation priority partition, MLDB algorithm adoptsdifferent deal with different data collision, selects contention window combine with TEDSparameters information, capable of realize data collision reasonable withdrawn, and averagethroughput increases47.14%, average delay reduces69.18%, and effectively optimizes theplug and play performance of IEEE1451intelligent sensor wired sensing interface.
⑶Wireless sensing interface plug and play based on periodic association matchingcommunication (PAMC) and network interface plug and play mechanism are studied. Thesystem structure and flow of IEEE1451intelligent sensing based on ZigBee wireless accessare proposed, and PAMC is implemented through studying three key technologies, includesassociation information frame format define method, association configuration tableparameters selection and update mechanism, ZigBee network parameters real time saving.TEDS data structure simplification and ZigBee route algorithm improvement measures arestudied. With the help of ZigBee node neighbor table and characteristic parameters, wirelesssensing interface plug and play data optimal path transmission is realized. The experimentalresult indicates, after algorithm improvement, average hop decreases42.9%, average delayreduces28.1%, and data transmission efficiency and network real time property are enhanced greatly. Using UPnP device optimum seeking method based on information axiom, amount ofparameters information are distributed to NCAPs which meeting services request. Deviceoptimum seeking can be implemented while several NCAPs meeting services request, neednot adopting weight and normalized dispose, which reduces network interface data trafficoverhead, and improves UPnP device service efficiency.
⑷The load balancing implementation method of networked intelligent sensing systembased on probabilistic preferred grey Markov chain prediction (PP-GMCP) is proposed, andnetworked intelligent sensing system load balancing simulation platform is also studied, usedto test and verify load balancing algorithm. This method aims at different NCAP web services,establishes different service request access probability table, determines service queuespriority, and avoids access traffic retention resulting from transferring data depend on TCPport number. NCAP load status is real time monitored using network bandwidth occupationratio, CPU occupation ratio, memory utilization, IO utilization, and process queuesoccupation ratio. NCAP load capacity is effectively forecasted combining gray GM(1,1) withmarkov chain prediction. Probabilistic preferred highest priority (PPHP) strategy is proposedto execute services scheduling, and probabilistic preferred minimum load (PPML) strategy isused to carry out services assignment, which offer a finer load granularity balancing method.
⑸Networked intelligent weighing sensing system entirety design, high precisionweighing sensor design and parameters optimization, and system software platformdevelopment are carried out to verify whole application effect. Σ-Δ ADC, ratio measure, chopinput, synchronous suppression, temperature compensation, and self-calibration technologiesare adopted to improve intelligent weighing sensor precision. Effective number of bits(ENOB) is proposed to use as optimization aggregative indicator, and orthogonalexperimental method is employed to implement weighing sensor parameters optimizationconfiguration. Networked intelligent weighing sensor TIM and NCAP concrete structures areproposed from the view of functions, and function modeling are carried out incorporated withIFHD modeling method. Intelligent weighing sensor wired, wireless interface, and networkinterface plug and play test system are set up.
The experiments indicate that PP-GMCP algorithm comprehensive considers differentservice request’s influence on NCAP resource, distributes service requests to different NCAP evenly, and compared to weighted round robin (WRR) and least connection scheduling(LCS), its average service response delay drops11.1%and25.1%separately, averageresponse speed of data measure service increases35.0%and11.1%respectively, and theNCAP load variation is815bit/s~1300bit/s. The fluctuation range is smallest, and loadbalancing effect is better. After adopting PAMC, ZigBee sensing interface average firstaccess network time Tfen, repeat access network time Tren, fault disconnect network time Tcutdecreases2.33%,77.02%,1.18%respectively, and after employing MLDB, RS485sensinginterface average recognition time Treglower15%, recognition rate Pregincreases0.48%, andthe acquired plug and play performance test results are ideal. Networked intelligent weighingsensor and software platform are detected by Guangdong province quality supervision&inspection offices of measuring instruments and China CEPREI Laboratory, each index hasattain or superior to project requirement, and to certain extent, adequately manifests thecorrectness and validity of networked intelligent sensing system basic theory that researchedby this paper.
论文研究IEEE1451混合接入模式下网络化智能传感系统建模与实现，从IEEE1451标准、智能传感系统建模、智能传感系统即插即用、智能传感系统负载均衡四个方面，综述国内外研究进展，确定论文的研究内容。主要工作包括：
⑴结合UML静态描述与Petri网动态分析特点，研究面向对象信息流层次化动态IFHD建模方法与应用，结合广义随机Petri网、连续时间马尔可夫链CTMC方法简化模型，实现IFHD模型动态性能评价。该方法采用UML图描述信息流静态属性，制定转换规则、构造映射表，实现UML图到Petri网模型转换，利用模型优化与简化，形象、直观地描述了传感器静态结构与动态行为，准确表述智能传感器结构部署、信息流向及其与用户、外围设备交互关系。借助CPN Tools工具，对IEEE1451网络化智能传感器IFHD模型，分析可达性、有界性、活性、死锁特性；基于IFHD模型的应用，提出采用可控连续采样、增加有效数据长度、调整数据缓存方式的改善接口性能策略，讨论了传感信息到达时间间隔、信道忙概率、WTIM重发次数对WTIM网络性能影响规律，在多传感通道数据采集方式下TIM宜采用最小延迟优先调度方法MDPS。
⑵针对串口通信最小脉冲宽度难以直接测量以及多个TIM同时通信会发生数据冲突的问题，提出基于排序脉宽差分(SPWD)波特率自适应方法和多等级动态退避(MLDB)算法，实现数据冲突合理退避、波特率自适应的有线传感接口即插即用。基于排序脉宽差分波特率自适应方法，由TIM采集串行总线若干通信脉冲，采用排序脉宽差分反复计算，获得最小脉冲宽度，再借助通信确认机制，实现TIM与NCAP波特率自适应。多等级动态退避算法基于NCAP、TIM操作不同优先级划分，对不同数据冲突采取不同处理，结合TEDS参数信息选取竞争窗口，能够实现数据冲突合理退避，平均吞吐量提高47.14%，平均时延减少69.18%，有效优化了IEEE1451智能传感器有线传感接口即插即用性能。
⑶研究基于定期关联匹配通信(PAMC)的无线传感接口即插即用以及基于UPnP的网络接口即插即用机理。提出了基于ZigBee无线接入IEEE1451智能传感系统构架与流程，通过研究关联信息的帧格式定义方式、关联配置表参数选择与更新机制、ZigBee网络参数的实时保存方法三个关键技术实现定期关联匹配通信。研究了TEDS数据结构简化、ZigBee路由算法改进措施，借助ZigBee节点邻居表与节点特性参数，实现无线传感接口即插即用数据最优路径传输。实验结果表明，算法改进后平均跳数减少42.9%，平均时延降低28.1%，大大提高数据传输效率及网络实时性。采用基于信息公理的UPnP设备优选方法，将参数信息量计算分布在满足服务要求的NCAP，不必采用权重及规范化处理就可实现多设备满足服务要求时的设备优选，减少了网络接口数据流量开销，使UPnP设备服务效率得到提高。
⑷提出一种基于概率优先灰色马氏链预测(PP-GMCP)的网络化智能传感系统负载均衡实现方法，研究网络化智能传感系统负载均衡仿真平台，进行负载均衡算法测试验证。该方法针对NCAP不同Web服务，建立不同服务请求访问概率表，确定服务队列优先级，避免依靠TCP端口号进行数据转发控制而造成访问流量滞留；利用网络带宽占有率、CPU占用率、内存使用率、IO使用率、进程队列占用率实时监控NCAP负载状态，结合灰色GM(1,1)和马氏链预测有效预测NCAP负载容量；提出最高优先级概率优先(PPHP)策略执行服务调度，使用最小负载概率优先(PPML)策略执行服务分配，为NCAP提供了一种负载粒度更细的均衡方法。
⑸开展基于IEEE1451的网络化智能称重传感系统整体设计、称重传感器高精度设计与参数优化、系统软件平台开发等研究，检验整体应用效果。采取Σ-Δ模数转换、比率测量、斩波输入、同步抑制、温度补偿与自校准等技术提高智能称重传感器测量精度；提出将有效比特位数ENOB作为优化综合指标，采用正交实验方法实现称重传感器参数优化配置；从功能角度提出网络化智能称重传感器TIM、NCAP具体结构，结合信息流层次化动态混合建模方法进行功能建模；搭建智能称重传感器有线、无线接口、网络接口即插即用测试系统。
试验表明，采用概率优先灰色马氏链预测(PP-GMCP)算法，综合考虑不同服务请求对NCAP资源影响，将服务请求均衡地分布到不同NCAP，相较于加权循环调度算法(WRR)、最小连接数调度算法(LCS)，其平均服务响应延迟时间分别降低11.1%、25.1%，数据测量服务平均响应速率分别提高35.0%、11.1%，24小时内的NCAP负载量变化为815bit/s~1300bit/s，波动范围最小，具有更好的负载均衡效果。采用PAMC后ZigBee传感接口的平均首次入网时间Tfen、重复入网时间Tren、故障断网时间Tcut相对采用PAMC前，分别降低2.33%、77.02%、1.18%；采用MLDB后RS485传感接口的平均识别时间Treg、识别率Preg相对采用MLDB前，Treg降低15%、Preg提高0.48%，获得了理想即插即用性能测试结果；网络化智能称重传感器及软件平台经广东省质量监督计量器具检验站、中国赛宝实验室检测，各项指标均达到或优于项目要求。这充分表明论文所研究的网络化智能传感系统基础理论的正确性、有效性。
This paper starts with the functions of intelligent sensor structure, mainly researches onobject-oriented information flow hierarchical dynamic modeling of networked intelligentsensors, intelligent sensing system plug and play strategy and realization under mixed accessmode, intelligent sensing system cluster server load balancing evaluation and realization, andapplies these theory and methods to networked intelligent weighing sensors system. It hasimportant academic value and practical significance for development of networked intelligentsensing technology, promotion modern manufacturing informatization. The research work issupported by the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from Ministry ofEducation of China (NCET-08-0211), High-level Talents Project of Guangdong higher school,Industrial Research Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2008B010400043), and Technology Support Project of Guangzhou (2009Z2-D531).
The dissertation researches on modeling and realization of networked intelligent sensingsystem under IEEE1451mixed access mode, summarizes the domestic and foreign researchprogress from IEEE1451standard, intelligent sensing system modeling, intelligent sensingsystem plug and play, and intelligent sensing system load balancing, and determines researchcontents. Primary work includes:
⑴Combining UML static description with Petri Net dynamic analysis, researches onobject-oriented information flow hierarchical dynamic (IFHD) modeling method andapplication. Integrating generalized stochastic Petri Net and continuous time markov chain(CTMC), simplifies models, and realizes IFHD model dynamic performance evaluation. Themethod uses UML graphs descript information flow static attributes, establishes conversionrules, construct mapping table, and realizes the conversion of UML graphs to Petri Netmodel. Utilizing model optimization and simplification, static structure and dynamicbehaviors of sensors are described iconically and intuitively, and intelligent sensor structuredeployment, information flow direction, and its interactive relation with users and peripheralequipment are represented exactly. With the aid of CPN Tools, the reachability, boundedness,liveness, and deadlock features of IEEE1451networked intelligent sensor IFHD model are analyzed. Based on IFHD model application, interface performance improvement strategiesare proposed, such as adopting controllable continuous sampling, increasing valid data length,and adjusting data buffer mode. The regular influences of sensing information arrive interval,channel busy probability, and WTIM retransmission number on WTIM networkperformance are discussed. Under multi sensing channels data sampling method, TIM shouldadopt minimum delay priority scheduling (MDPS).
⑵Aiming at serial port communication minimum pulse width difficult to be measureddirectly, and several TIM communicating simultaneously cause to data collision, sortingpulse width difference (SPWD) baud rate self-adaptation method and multi levels dynamicbackoff (MLDB) algorithm are put forwarded to realize data collision reasonable withdrawn,and plug and play of baud rate self-adapting wired sensing interface. The SPWD baud rateself-adaptation method acquires a number of communication pulses of serial bus by TIM,uses sorting pulse width difference calculate minimum pulse width, and with the help ofcommunication confirm mechanism, implemented TIM baud rate self-adaptation with NCAP.Based on different NCAP and TIM operation priority partition, MLDB algorithm adoptsdifferent deal with different data collision, selects contention window combine with TEDSparameters information, capable of realize data collision reasonable withdrawn, and averagethroughput increases47.14%, average delay reduces69.18%, and effectively optimizes theplug and play performance of IEEE1451intelligent sensor wired sensing interface.
⑶Wireless sensing interface plug and play based on periodic association matchingcommunication (PAMC) and network interface plug and play mechanism are studied. Thesystem structure and flow of IEEE1451intelligent sensing based on ZigBee wireless accessare proposed, and PAMC is implemented through studying three key technologies, includesassociation information frame format define method, association configuration tableparameters selection and update mechanism, ZigBee network parameters real time saving.TEDS data structure simplification and ZigBee route algorithm improvement measures arestudied. With the help of ZigBee node neighbor table and characteristic parameters, wirelesssensing interface plug and play data optimal path transmission is realized. The experimentalresult indicates, after algorithm improvement, average hop decreases42.9%, average delayreduces28.1%, and data transmission efficiency and network real time property are enhanced greatly. Using UPnP device optimum seeking method based on information axiom, amount ofparameters information are distributed to NCAPs which meeting services request. Deviceoptimum seeking can be implemented while several NCAPs meeting services request, neednot adopting weight and normalized dispose, which reduces network interface data trafficoverhead, and improves UPnP device service efficiency.
⑷The load balancing implementation method of networked intelligent sensing systembased on probabilistic preferred grey Markov chain prediction (PP-GMCP) is proposed, andnetworked intelligent sensing system load balancing simulation platform is also studied, usedto test and verify load balancing algorithm. This method aims at different NCAP web services,establishes different service request access probability table, determines service queuespriority, and avoids access traffic retention resulting from transferring data depend on TCPport number. NCAP load status is real time monitored using network bandwidth occupationratio, CPU occupation ratio, memory utilization, IO utilization, and process queuesoccupation ratio. NCAP load capacity is effectively forecasted combining gray GM(1,1) withmarkov chain prediction. Probabilistic preferred highest priority (PPHP) strategy is proposedto execute services scheduling, and probabilistic preferred minimum load (PPML) strategy isused to carry out services assignment, which offer a finer load granularity balancing method.
⑸Networked intelligent weighing sensing system entirety design, high precisionweighing sensor design and parameters optimization, and system software platformdevelopment are carried out to verify whole application effect. Σ-Δ ADC, ratio measure, chopinput, synchronous suppression, temperature compensation, and self-calibration technologiesare adopted to improve intelligent weighing sensor precision. Effective number of bits(ENOB) is proposed to use as optimization aggregative indicator, and orthogonalexperimental method is employed to implement weighing sensor parameters optimizationconfiguration. Networked intelligent weighing sensor TIM and NCAP concrete structures areproposed from the view of functions, and function modeling are carried out incorporated withIFHD modeling method. Intelligent weighing sensor wired, wireless interface, and networkinterface plug and play test system are set up.
The experiments indicate that PP-GMCP algorithm comprehensive considers differentservice request’s influence on NCAP resource, distributes service requests to different NCAP evenly, and compared to weighted round robin (WRR) and least connection scheduling(LCS), its average service response delay drops11.1%and25.1%separately, averageresponse speed of data measure service increases35.0%and11.1%respectively, and theNCAP load variation is815bit/s~1300bit/s. The fluctuation range is smallest, and loadbalancing effect is better. After adopting PAMC, ZigBee sensing interface average firstaccess network time Tfen, repeat access network time Tren, fault disconnect network time Tcutdecreases2.33%,77.02%,1.18%respectively, and after employing MLDB, RS485sensinginterface average recognition time Treglower15%, recognition rate Pregincreases0.48%, andthe acquired plug and play performance test results are ideal. Networked intelligent weighingsensor and software platform are detected by Guangdong province quality supervision&inspection offices of measuring instruments and China CEPREI Laboratory, each index hasattain or superior to project requirement, and to certain extent, adequately manifests thecorrectness and validity of networked intelligent sensing system basic theory that researchedby this paper.
引文
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