机械冲击荷载对邻近埋地管道的影响及控制研究
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摘要
埋地管道作为物流输送的一种有效手段,与现代工农业生产和人民生活的关系越来越密切。随着公路、铁路等基础设施的大量修建,由机械施工产生的冲击荷载必然对邻近埋地管道周围的地层产生扰动,给埋地管道的正常使用和安全运行带来不利影响。而油气管道一旦发生运行事故(破裂、爆管或渗漏),除了管道系统自身损坏造成的直接损失外,还有可能引发严重的次生灾害,造成土壤和地下水的污染,导致巨大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡,危及社会生产与生活安全。因此,为保障管道的安全,也为工程建设顺利进行,研究机械冲击荷载对埋地管道的影响及控制已成为当前岩土工程界和管道安全保护亟待解决的一项重要课题。
有鉴于此,本文借助于理论分析、有限元数值计算和现场试验对机械冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的受力性状进行了综合研究,以此评估和控制施工振动对邻近埋地管道的影响。主要开展了如下几方面的研究工作：
(1)对冲击荷载作了定性和定量描述,建立冲击物理模型,对运动方程求解推导了冲击荷载的数学表达式；基于波动理论,分析了冲击型点振源产生的振动波在岩土体中的传播特性,并给出了估算振动波影响范围的方法。结合理论分析和数值模拟,得到了存在衰减的粘弹性介质中振动波的传播规律。
(2)对埋地管道受力的现行计算理论和方法进行了阐述,评述了现行管土相互作用理论分析模型的不足。在考虑管土接触面变形协调的基础上,采用应力函数法推导了埋地管道管周土压力的弹性解,建立了管周应力与管道截面刚度之间的解析关系,为管道受力计算提供了一种新的途径。
(3)在对埋地管道受力分析的基础上,从理论上分析了冲击荷载对埋地管道的作用。基于Boussinesq方程,建立了埋地管道在地表冲击荷载作用下的受力表达式；基于Mindlin计算模型和无限梁弹性地基模型,建立了桩孔内冲击时冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的受力计算公式；基于单位脉冲δ函数属性及傅里叶级数,建立冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的Eular-Bernoulli地基梁分析模型,求解了冲击荷载下埋地管道的动力响应。为桥梁桩基施工振动对埋地管道的影响分析提供理论支持。
(4)建立三维管土非线性接触有限元计算模型,分别从振源位置变化、管道埋深、冲击能量、管道与振源间距等方面分析了埋地管道在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应,并对影响因素作了参数敏感性分析；通过数值计算,着重论述了地表振动速度与管道变形的关系；针对冲击荷载的周期循环特性,对埋地管道的累积效应进行了相应计算和分析。
(5)开展现场微震试验,通过试验分析了施工振动特性及对邻近埋地管道的影响,将其结果与相应数值计算结果进行了比较；并通过冲击振源的定位分析,得出了振动影响范围,为桥梁桩基施工振动研究提出了一种新的手段和方法。
(6)在数值计算和现场试验的基础上,对桥梁桩基冲击钻孔施工振动可接受控制标准进行了探讨。通过对相关规范的深入剖析,结合管道承受振动荷载能力的计算,以此提出了邻近埋地管道冲击钻孔施工振动的控制标准,并从主动控制和被动控制两个方面系统总结了管道的保护和控制措施,在工程实际应用中取得了较好成效。研究成果可以直接应用于相近工程,研究方法为开展类似工程和研究提供参考。
As an effective transportation, buried pipeline has more and more close relationship with modern industrial manufacture, agricultural production and ordinary life. While large scales of infrastructure such as highways and railways, the disturbance, caused by machine constructing to surrounding ground of buried pipelines, has taken negative infection on the buried pipeline normal use and safe operation. Once the oil and gas pipeline has operation incidence (rupture, tube explosion, leakage), there would bring out server inducing disaster, pollution to the soil and underground water, huge economic loss and casualty and damage to the social product and the people's life, besides the direct loss caused by pipeline system damage. So the study on the influence and control of machine construct impact to adjacent buried pipelines has become a key program in Geotechnical Engineering and pipeline safety protection immediately.
This dissert made an integrated analysis on the buried pipeline force character in the machine impact loads by theoretic analyzing, finite element numerical simulation and field testing, which could be used to evaluate and handle construct vibration to the adjacent buried pipelines. It was comprised of the following aspects.
(1) Quantitative and qualitative illustrating to impact loads, building the impact physic model and deducing the mathematic expression by solving the motion equation had been carried out. Moreover, based on the wave theory, propagation characteristic of vibration waves caused by impact in clay was analized and the influence scope of vibration waves was evaluated. Combined theoretical analysis with numerical simulation, propagation law of vibration waves in attenuate viscoelasticity medium was acquired.
(2) The present computational theories and methods about mechanical analysis of buried pipelines was expatiated and the deficiency of popular pipe-soil interaction theoretic analysis model was reviewed. In favor of the contact surface deformation accordance, the elastic solution of soil stress around the buried pipelines was deduced by stress function method. In this way, the relationship between stress around pipeline and section stiffness was built and the methods for calculating soil pressure on rigid and flexible pipelines were unified.
(3) Based on the mechanical analysis of buried pipelines, impact loads acting on the pipelines was analyzed in theory for the first time. In view of the Boussinesq equation, mechanical calculate expression of buried pipeline under impact loads on the earth's surface was established. Also, based on the Mindlin calculate model and elastic ground of boundless beam model, mechanical calculate formula of buried pipeline under impact loads inside the pile was set up. Besides, found on the unit impulse function of δ and Fourier series, ground beam model of Eular-Bernoulli for buried pipeline under impact loads was established and the dynamical response of buried pipeline was solved. The methods could provide theoretical support for analysis of bridge pile foundation construction effecting on buried pipelines.
(4) By constructing the3-dimension pipe-soil nonlinear contact finite element model, dynamic response of buried pipelines under impact loads was studied from the aspects of vibration source, pipeline depth, impact energy, the distance between pipeline and vibration source. Furthermore, parametric sensitivity was analized. Through numerical calculation, the relationship between vibration velocity on the ground surface and pipeline deformation was discussed emphatically. According to periodic cycle loads, the accumulative effect of buried pipelines was calculated and analyzed from the aspects of displacement.
(5) By the means of field microseism experiments, the construction vibration character and the influence on the adjacent buried pipelines were studied, which compare with the outcome of numerical simulation. Through locating analysis of impact vibration source, the vibration affect area was setted. And it put out a new method for vibration research on bridge pile foundation construction.
(6) Based on simulating calculation and field testing, reasonable control standard of vibration caused by punching construction was discussed. By analyzing relative specifications and calculating the pipeline load ability, a control standard was put on desk on vibration caused by punching construction. Besides, pipeline protection and control measures were summarized systematicly from aspects of initiative and passivity control. And the practical application in engineering obtained preferably effect. The achievements in task research may have an immediate utilization in close projects. Also the study method provides reference for developing and researching similar projects.
有鉴于此,本文借助于理论分析、有限元数值计算和现场试验对机械冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的受力性状进行了综合研究,以此评估和控制施工振动对邻近埋地管道的影响。主要开展了如下几方面的研究工作：
(1)对冲击荷载作了定性和定量描述,建立冲击物理模型,对运动方程求解推导了冲击荷载的数学表达式；基于波动理论,分析了冲击型点振源产生的振动波在岩土体中的传播特性,并给出了估算振动波影响范围的方法。结合理论分析和数值模拟,得到了存在衰减的粘弹性介质中振动波的传播规律。
(2)对埋地管道受力的现行计算理论和方法进行了阐述,评述了现行管土相互作用理论分析模型的不足。在考虑管土接触面变形协调的基础上,采用应力函数法推导了埋地管道管周土压力的弹性解,建立了管周应力与管道截面刚度之间的解析关系,为管道受力计算提供了一种新的途径。
(3)在对埋地管道受力分析的基础上,从理论上分析了冲击荷载对埋地管道的作用。基于Boussinesq方程,建立了埋地管道在地表冲击荷载作用下的受力表达式；基于Mindlin计算模型和无限梁弹性地基模型,建立了桩孔内冲击时冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的受力计算公式；基于单位脉冲δ函数属性及傅里叶级数,建立冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的Eular-Bernoulli地基梁分析模型,求解了冲击荷载下埋地管道的动力响应。为桥梁桩基施工振动对埋地管道的影响分析提供理论支持。
(4)建立三维管土非线性接触有限元计算模型,分别从振源位置变化、管道埋深、冲击能量、管道与振源间距等方面分析了埋地管道在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应,并对影响因素作了参数敏感性分析；通过数值计算,着重论述了地表振动速度与管道变形的关系；针对冲击荷载的周期循环特性,对埋地管道的累积效应进行了相应计算和分析。
(5)开展现场微震试验,通过试验分析了施工振动特性及对邻近埋地管道的影响,将其结果与相应数值计算结果进行了比较；并通过冲击振源的定位分析,得出了振动影响范围,为桥梁桩基施工振动研究提出了一种新的手段和方法。
(6)在数值计算和现场试验的基础上,对桥梁桩基冲击钻孔施工振动可接受控制标准进行了探讨。通过对相关规范的深入剖析,结合管道承受振动荷载能力的计算,以此提出了邻近埋地管道冲击钻孔施工振动的控制标准,并从主动控制和被动控制两个方面系统总结了管道的保护和控制措施,在工程实际应用中取得了较好成效。研究成果可以直接应用于相近工程,研究方法为开展类似工程和研究提供参考。
As an effective transportation, buried pipeline has more and more close relationship with modern industrial manufacture, agricultural production and ordinary life. While large scales of infrastructure such as highways and railways, the disturbance, caused by machine constructing to surrounding ground of buried pipelines, has taken negative infection on the buried pipeline normal use and safe operation. Once the oil and gas pipeline has operation incidence (rupture, tube explosion, leakage), there would bring out server inducing disaster, pollution to the soil and underground water, huge economic loss and casualty and damage to the social product and the people's life, besides the direct loss caused by pipeline system damage. So the study on the influence and control of machine construct impact to adjacent buried pipelines has become a key program in Geotechnical Engineering and pipeline safety protection immediately.
This dissert made an integrated analysis on the buried pipeline force character in the machine impact loads by theoretic analyzing, finite element numerical simulation and field testing, which could be used to evaluate and handle construct vibration to the adjacent buried pipelines. It was comprised of the following aspects.
(1) Quantitative and qualitative illustrating to impact loads, building the impact physic model and deducing the mathematic expression by solving the motion equation had been carried out. Moreover, based on the wave theory, propagation characteristic of vibration waves caused by impact in clay was analized and the influence scope of vibration waves was evaluated. Combined theoretical analysis with numerical simulation, propagation law of vibration waves in attenuate viscoelasticity medium was acquired.
(2) The present computational theories and methods about mechanical analysis of buried pipelines was expatiated and the deficiency of popular pipe-soil interaction theoretic analysis model was reviewed. In favor of the contact surface deformation accordance, the elastic solution of soil stress around the buried pipelines was deduced by stress function method. In this way, the relationship between stress around pipeline and section stiffness was built and the methods for calculating soil pressure on rigid and flexible pipelines were unified.
(3) Based on the mechanical analysis of buried pipelines, impact loads acting on the pipelines was analyzed in theory for the first time. In view of the Boussinesq equation, mechanical calculate expression of buried pipeline under impact loads on the earth's surface was established. Also, based on the Mindlin calculate model and elastic ground of boundless beam model, mechanical calculate formula of buried pipeline under impact loads inside the pile was set up. Besides, found on the unit impulse function of δ and Fourier series, ground beam model of Eular-Bernoulli for buried pipeline under impact loads was established and the dynamical response of buried pipeline was solved. The methods could provide theoretical support for analysis of bridge pile foundation construction effecting on buried pipelines.
(4) By constructing the3-dimension pipe-soil nonlinear contact finite element model, dynamic response of buried pipelines under impact loads was studied from the aspects of vibration source, pipeline depth, impact energy, the distance between pipeline and vibration source. Furthermore, parametric sensitivity was analized. Through numerical calculation, the relationship between vibration velocity on the ground surface and pipeline deformation was discussed emphatically. According to periodic cycle loads, the accumulative effect of buried pipelines was calculated and analyzed from the aspects of displacement.
(5) By the means of field microseism experiments, the construction vibration character and the influence on the adjacent buried pipelines were studied, which compare with the outcome of numerical simulation. Through locating analysis of impact vibration source, the vibration affect area was setted. And it put out a new method for vibration research on bridge pile foundation construction.
(6) Based on simulating calculation and field testing, reasonable control standard of vibration caused by punching construction was discussed. By analyzing relative specifications and calculating the pipeline load ability, a control standard was put on desk on vibration caused by punching construction. Besides, pipeline protection and control measures were summarized systematicly from aspects of initiative and passivity control. And the practical application in engineering obtained preferably effect. The achievements in task research may have an immediate utilization in close projects. Also the study method provides reference for developing and researching similar projects.
引文
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