600MW循环流化床锅炉炉膛气固流动和受热面传热的研究
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摘要
循环流化床锅炉作为一项高效、清洁的燃烧技术近年来不断朝着大型化和高参数化发展。本文以国家研发600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉为研究背景,结合国家十一五科技支撑计划项目和东方锅炉600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉研发科研合作项目,针对600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉研发中的炉膛气固流场和受热面传热特性开展实验室试验和数值模拟研究工作。
本文根据流化床相似模化理论建立了东方锅炉600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉设计方案的冷态模化六分离器、裤衩腿炉膛结构的循环流化床冷态试验台。工作主要包括实验室六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床试验研究和六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床流动、传热数值模拟研究5个部分,其中试验研究包括①裤衩腿翻床特性试验研究、②炉顶凸起对气固流场影响试验研究和③六分离器循环物料分配特性试验研究；数值模拟建立了一种基于炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的受热面传热系数计算方法,进行了④六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床试验台的流场和传热数值模拟研究,⑤600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛流场和传热数值模拟研究。
试验结果验证了六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床裤衩腿翻床过程中颗粒迁移的气相输送机理；得到了裤衩腿自平衡状态与翻床状态变化理论临界点；提出了循环流化床裤衩腿炉膛的平衡控制策略。试验发现了裤衩腿炉膛“双环核”气固流动结构,裤衩腿上部“双环核”流动结构逐渐向传统颗粒环核流动结构转变。试验总结了六分离器回路循环物料分配不均匀特性,得到了两侧物料流率分配相似,一侧三分离器中居中循环回路物料量相对偏小6.3-9.0%的规律。
在理论数值模拟方面,本文建立了一种基于炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的受热面传热系数计算方法。利用Fluent软件的欧拉双流体模型进行炉膛气固流动数值模拟,采用了基于EMMS模型的气固曳力计算方法。在炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的基础上,利用Fortran语言编程,采用循环流化床颗粒团更新传热模型进行炉膛内受热面传热系数计算。
在对试验台流场、传热计算验证比较基础上,采用该方法对东方锅炉600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛的流场和传热特性参数进行了模拟计算。模拟结果显示炉膛内颗粒呈“双环核”流动分布,在水冷壁和中隔墙壁面均存在较大颗粒浓度的颗粒团贴壁下滑；炉内悬吊屏壁面颗粒速度基本为正,靠近烟窗的悬吊屏壁面颗粒浓度和速度均较大。通过模拟计算本文得到了600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛水冷壁、中隔墙和悬吊受热面的传热系数和热流密度三维分布。
本文工作为研究开发600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉提供了理论和技术基础。
As a high effitient and clear coal combustion technology, circulating fluidiszed bed boiler has developed rapidly in recent years with towards the direction of larger capacity and higher steam parameters. The background of this paper is the development of600MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler in China. Sponsored by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China and the Cooperation Project of Dongfang Boiler Company, in this paper, experimental research and numerical simulation are carried out on the in-furnace gas-solid hy drodynamics and heat transfer characteristics in the600MW supercritical CFB boiler.
A CFB cold model with a pant-leg structure and six cyclones is built according to the CFB scaling method. It is scaled down from the DBC600MW supercritical CFB boiler. Experimental study and numerical simulation are carried out in this paper which can be divided into five parts. Experimental study includes:①solids overturn features of the pant-leg furnace;②effect of extended top on the gas-solid flow structure:③solids circulation rate distribution among the six cyclones. A heat transfer coefficient calculation method is established based on the numerical simulation of gas-solid flow. Numerical simulation includes:④hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the CFB model with a pant-leg structure and six cyclones;⑤hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the600M W supercritical CFB boiler furnace.
The experimental results verified the gas transportation mechanism for the lateral particle migration during the solid overturn process in the pant-leg CFB. Balance control strategy was discussed based on the analysis of theoretical critical status between the self-balancing and the solid overturn. The experimental results also showed that two core-annulus flow structures are formed independently in the two individual pant-leg zones and these two cores are merged into one core at up-section of the pant-leg. It is found that the distribution of solids circulation rate on the two side are similar. The solids circulation rate of the middle circulation loop is about6.3～9.0%lower than the other two loops on each side of the furnace.
In terms of numerical simulation, A heat transfer coefficient calculation method is established based on the numerical simulation of gas-solid flow. With the Fluent commercial software, the gas-solid flow in the furnace is numerical simulated using two-fluid Model combined with the EMMS drag coefficient computational method. With the hydrodynamic results from the simulation, the heat transfer coefficient distributions of the in-furnace heating surfaces are calculated with the cluster renewal model which is base on the "core-annulus" gas-solid flow structure. The calculation method is achieved by a computer code in Fortran language.
This method was verified in the simulation of hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the CFB cold model and the parameters of the model are optimized with the experimental results. Then this method was applied in the simulation of600MW supercritical CFB boiler. The numerical results showed that two core-annulus flow structures exist in the furnace. Clusters with downward particle velocities exist in the surfaces of both the enclosure walls and the partition walls. The particle velocities on the surfaces of wing walls are mainly positive. The wing walls near the furnace outlets have higher solid concentration and particle velocity.3-D distributions of heat transfer coefficient and heat flux on the in-fuenace heating surfaces of the600MW supercritical CFB boiler are obtained from the simulation.
The research in this paper provides a theoretical and technical basis for the development of600MW supercritical CFB boiler.
本文根据流化床相似模化理论建立了东方锅炉600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉设计方案的冷态模化六分离器、裤衩腿炉膛结构的循环流化床冷态试验台。工作主要包括实验室六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床试验研究和六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床流动、传热数值模拟研究5个部分,其中试验研究包括①裤衩腿翻床特性试验研究、②炉顶凸起对气固流场影响试验研究和③六分离器循环物料分配特性试验研究；数值模拟建立了一种基于炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的受热面传热系数计算方法,进行了④六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床试验台的流场和传热数值模拟研究,⑤600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛流场和传热数值模拟研究。
试验结果验证了六分离器裤衩腿循环流化床裤衩腿翻床过程中颗粒迁移的气相输送机理；得到了裤衩腿自平衡状态与翻床状态变化理论临界点；提出了循环流化床裤衩腿炉膛的平衡控制策略。试验发现了裤衩腿炉膛“双环核”气固流动结构,裤衩腿上部“双环核”流动结构逐渐向传统颗粒环核流动结构转变。试验总结了六分离器回路循环物料分配不均匀特性,得到了两侧物料流率分配相似,一侧三分离器中居中循环回路物料量相对偏小6.3-9.0%的规律。
在理论数值模拟方面,本文建立了一种基于炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的受热面传热系数计算方法。利用Fluent软件的欧拉双流体模型进行炉膛气固流动数值模拟,采用了基于EMMS模型的气固曳力计算方法。在炉膛气固流动数值模拟流场的基础上,利用Fortran语言编程,采用循环流化床颗粒团更新传热模型进行炉膛内受热面传热系数计算。
在对试验台流场、传热计算验证比较基础上,采用该方法对东方锅炉600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛的流场和传热特性参数进行了模拟计算。模拟结果显示炉膛内颗粒呈“双环核”流动分布,在水冷壁和中隔墙壁面均存在较大颗粒浓度的颗粒团贴壁下滑；炉内悬吊屏壁面颗粒速度基本为正,靠近烟窗的悬吊屏壁面颗粒浓度和速度均较大。通过模拟计算本文得到了600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛水冷壁、中隔墙和悬吊受热面的传热系数和热流密度三维分布。
本文工作为研究开发600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉提供了理论和技术基础。
As a high effitient and clear coal combustion technology, circulating fluidiszed bed boiler has developed rapidly in recent years with towards the direction of larger capacity and higher steam parameters. The background of this paper is the development of600MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler in China. Sponsored by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China and the Cooperation Project of Dongfang Boiler Company, in this paper, experimental research and numerical simulation are carried out on the in-furnace gas-solid hy drodynamics and heat transfer characteristics in the600MW supercritical CFB boiler.
A CFB cold model with a pant-leg structure and six cyclones is built according to the CFB scaling method. It is scaled down from the DBC600MW supercritical CFB boiler. Experimental study and numerical simulation are carried out in this paper which can be divided into five parts. Experimental study includes:①solids overturn features of the pant-leg furnace;②effect of extended top on the gas-solid flow structure:③solids circulation rate distribution among the six cyclones. A heat transfer coefficient calculation method is established based on the numerical simulation of gas-solid flow. Numerical simulation includes:④hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the CFB model with a pant-leg structure and six cyclones;⑤hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the600M W supercritical CFB boiler furnace.
The experimental results verified the gas transportation mechanism for the lateral particle migration during the solid overturn process in the pant-leg CFB. Balance control strategy was discussed based on the analysis of theoretical critical status between the self-balancing and the solid overturn. The experimental results also showed that two core-annulus flow structures are formed independently in the two individual pant-leg zones and these two cores are merged into one core at up-section of the pant-leg. It is found that the distribution of solids circulation rate on the two side are similar. The solids circulation rate of the middle circulation loop is about6.3～9.0%lower than the other two loops on each side of the furnace.
In terms of numerical simulation, A heat transfer coefficient calculation method is established based on the numerical simulation of gas-solid flow. With the Fluent commercial software, the gas-solid flow in the furnace is numerical simulated using two-fluid Model combined with the EMMS drag coefficient computational method. With the hydrodynamic results from the simulation, the heat transfer coefficient distributions of the in-furnace heating surfaces are calculated with the cluster renewal model which is base on the "core-annulus" gas-solid flow structure. The calculation method is achieved by a computer code in Fortran language.
This method was verified in the simulation of hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics in the CFB cold model and the parameters of the model are optimized with the experimental results. Then this method was applied in the simulation of600MW supercritical CFB boiler. The numerical results showed that two core-annulus flow structures exist in the furnace. Clusters with downward particle velocities exist in the surfaces of both the enclosure walls and the partition walls. The particle velocities on the surfaces of wing walls are mainly positive. The wing walls near the furnace outlets have higher solid concentration and particle velocity.3-D distributions of heat transfer coefficient and heat flux on the in-fuenace heating surfaces of the600MW supercritical CFB boiler are obtained from the simulation.
The research in this paper provides a theoretical and technical basis for the development of600MW supercritical CFB boiler.
引文
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