苦瓜根降糖物质基础、质量分析及提取工艺研究
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摘要
第一部分苦瓜根的生药学研究
目的：对苦瓜根进行生药学鉴定,为苦瓜根的开发利用和质量标准的制订提供科学依据。方法：分别从原植物性状、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方面对苦瓜根进行生药学研究。结果：苦瓜根在原植物性状、显微、理化等方面具有专属性的特征。结论：本研究可为制订苦瓜根药材质量标准、开发和利用该药资源提供理论依据。
第二部分苦瓜根提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究
目的：通过α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的体外筛选模型研究苦瓜根提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,筛选其活性部位。方法：采用乙醇回流提取,有机溶剂萃取,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等不同萃取部位,检测醇提取物和各萃取部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用。结果：苦瓜根醇提物不同萃取部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有一定的抑制作用,与空白对照组对比,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)；其中水部位的抑制作用最强,当浓度为100ug.ml-1时,抑制率达到61%。结论：苦瓜根醇提物不同萃取部位对a-葡萄糖苷酶均有抑制作用,其中水部位的抑制作用最强。
第三部分苦瓜根皂苷苷元成分研究与降糖活性部位筛选
目的：研究葫芦科苦瓜属植物苦瓜Momordica charantia.L根的化学成分与筛选苦瓜根降糖活性部位。方法：采用70%乙醇回流提取苦瓜根,减压浓缩得浸膏,水悬浮后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇逐级萃取得到苦瓜根提取物的各个不同极性部位。采用硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层色谱从乙酸乙酯部位分离单体化合物,并采用颈部皮下注射400μg.kg-1盐酸肾上腺素注射液复制小鼠高血糖模型进行苦瓜根中降糖活性部位的筛选。结果：从苦瓜根乙酸乙酯部位共分得3个化合物,化学结构分别为p-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅰ),5,25-豆甾二烯醇(5,25-stigmastadien-3-ol, Ⅱ)(23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol和Cucurbita-5,24-diene--3,7,23-trione。降糖活性筛选结果表明苦瓜根不同极性萃取部位及苦瓜苷元对肾上腺素性高血糖均有一定的降血糖效果,正丁醇部位和水部位的降血糖作用最为显著。结论：分离得到的苦瓜苷元具有一定的降糖活性,但正丁醇部位和水部位对肾上腺素高血糖小鼠模型的降血糖作用更为显著。
第四部分HPLC测定不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量
目的：测定不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量。方法：采用HPLC法对主要指针性成分进行定量检测,色谱条件为色谱柱：Gemini C18柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相：水-甲醇(45：55),流速：1.0mL·min-1,波长：205nm,进样量：10μL。结果：苦瓜皂苷对照品在0.051～1.02mg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,Y=1.7504X-0.3545(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.38%(RSD=1.99%)。结论：不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量有较大差别,可用此法较好的评价该品种的质量。
第五部分正交试验法优选苦瓜根总皂苷提取工艺
目的：优选苦瓜根中苦瓜总皂苷的最佳提取工艺。方法：以提取液中苦瓜总皂苷含量为考察指标,分光光度法测定其含量,采用L9(34)正交试验法优选苦瓜根总皂苷的提取工艺。结果：较优的提取工艺为提取2次,每次2h,乙醇浓度60%,乙醇用量8倍,提取温度80℃。结论：优选得到的提取工艺稳定、可行、重现性好,可为苦瓜根总皂苷的提取提供参考。
PART I:Pharmacognostical Study on bitter gourd root
Objective:To conduct a pharmacognostical study on bitter gourd root so as to provide scientific evidence for the development,utilization and quality control of this herbal plant. Method:The pharmacognosy of bitter gourd root was studied from the aspects including plant resource characteristics, microscopic and physiochemical identifications,etc. Result:bitter gourd root was distinctive in all the studiedaspects (plant resource, characteristics, microscopic and physiochemical identifications). Conclusion:The results of the study could serve as scientific evidences for the quality standard, development and utilization of bitter gourd root.
PART Ⅱ:Study on the a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Extract Parts from the Bitter Gourd Root
Objective:To study the a-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different extract parts from root of the bitter gourd root and screen the active part.Method:Organic solvent extract after ethanol circumfluence to obtain petroleum benzine、acetidin、n-butanol and water extraction parts.PNPG colorimetry was used to detect the a-glucosidase inhibiting activity of ethanol extract and the other parts. Result:All of the extract parts of root of the bitter gourd root had different inhibiting effect to a-glucosidase. There were significant differences between the extract parts and control group (P<0.01). Water part had the strongest inhibitory activity,when the concentration was 100ug.ml-1,the inhibition rate got to61%.Conclusion:Different extract parts of the bitter gourd root have inhibiting effect on a-glucosidase and the water part.have the strongest effect.
PART Ⅲ:Study on the saponin aglycone constituents and screen the active site of the Bitter gourd root
Objective:To study the chemical composition and Screen hypoglycemic active site of bitter gourd root.Method：Extraced with70%ethanol, underpressure concentrated, then extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extraction step by step to get all bitter gourd root extract parts of different polarity.Using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC, monomer compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate. Using subcutaneous injection400μg.kg-1adrenal hydrochloride injection to replication in mice model of high blood sugar to screen the active site of bitter gourd root. Result:Three compounds were obtained from the Ethyl acetate extract, Chemical structures were β-sitosterol,I;5,25-stigmastadien-3-ol, Ⅱ;(23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol;Cucurbita-5,24-diene-3,7,23-trione。Results showed that extracts of different polarity and aglycone have a certain effect of hypoglycemic activity on adrenaline hyperglycemia,and the most significant hypoglycemic parts are n-butanol and water extracts.Conclusion:Aglycone has some hypoglycemic activity on mouse model of high blood sugar, However,the hypoglycemic efect of n-butanol and water extracts adrenaline effect is more notable.
PART IV:Determination of Saponins in the Root of Momordica Charantia L. in Ddifferent Areas by HPLC
Objective:To determine the content of saponins in the root of Momordica Charantia L. in different areas by HPLC. Method:the content of saponins in Momordica Charantia L. was determined by HPLC, chromatographic conditions:the chromatographic column was Gemini C18(250*4.6mm,5μm),the mobile phase was water-methanol (45:55),the column temperature was30℃,the flow rate was1mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was205nm,and the inject volume was10μL. Result:the linear relationship was good within0.051～1.02mg-mL-l,the regression equation was Y=1.7504X-0.3545(r=0.9998),the average recovery was99.38%(RSD=1.99%). Conclusion: the differences of saponins in the root of Momordica Charantia L. in different areas varied greatly, this method can be used in quality assessment and control.
PART V:Study on the Extraction Process of saponins in roots of Momordica charantia.L by Orthogonal Design
Objective:To optimal the technology of extraction for saponins in the roots of Momordica charantia.L. Method:Taking total saponins of Momordica charantia.L and Ginsenoside as standard sample, selecting531nm wavelength and by spectrometric method. Alcohol content, alcohol amounts, extracting temperature and extracting time were selected as four factors, and the contents of saponins from the roots of Momordica charantia.L in water extraction were used as indexes.L9(34) Orthogonal test was employed for selecting the optimum of extraction technology. Result:Alcohol content60%, alcohol8amounts, extracting3times with two hours for each time was considersd the optimum extraction technology of the roots of Momordica charantia.L. Conclusion:The technology after optimization has a good stability、feasible and reproducibility, the method can be used in the extracting of total saponins from the roots of Momordica charantia.L.
目的：对苦瓜根进行生药学鉴定,为苦瓜根的开发利用和质量标准的制订提供科学依据。方法：分别从原植物性状、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方面对苦瓜根进行生药学研究。结果：苦瓜根在原植物性状、显微、理化等方面具有专属性的特征。结论：本研究可为制订苦瓜根药材质量标准、开发和利用该药资源提供理论依据。
第二部分苦瓜根提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究
目的：通过α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的体外筛选模型研究苦瓜根提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,筛选其活性部位。方法：采用乙醇回流提取,有机溶剂萃取,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等不同萃取部位,检测醇提取物和各萃取部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用。结果：苦瓜根醇提物不同萃取部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有一定的抑制作用,与空白对照组对比,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)；其中水部位的抑制作用最强,当浓度为100ug.ml-1时,抑制率达到61%。结论：苦瓜根醇提物不同萃取部位对a-葡萄糖苷酶均有抑制作用,其中水部位的抑制作用最强。
第三部分苦瓜根皂苷苷元成分研究与降糖活性部位筛选
目的：研究葫芦科苦瓜属植物苦瓜Momordica charantia.L根的化学成分与筛选苦瓜根降糖活性部位。方法：采用70%乙醇回流提取苦瓜根,减压浓缩得浸膏,水悬浮后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇逐级萃取得到苦瓜根提取物的各个不同极性部位。采用硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层色谱从乙酸乙酯部位分离单体化合物,并采用颈部皮下注射400μg.kg-1盐酸肾上腺素注射液复制小鼠高血糖模型进行苦瓜根中降糖活性部位的筛选。结果：从苦瓜根乙酸乙酯部位共分得3个化合物,化学结构分别为p-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅰ),5,25-豆甾二烯醇(5,25-stigmastadien-3-ol, Ⅱ)(23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol和Cucurbita-5,24-diene--3,7,23-trione。降糖活性筛选结果表明苦瓜根不同极性萃取部位及苦瓜苷元对肾上腺素性高血糖均有一定的降血糖效果,正丁醇部位和水部位的降血糖作用最为显著。结论：分离得到的苦瓜苷元具有一定的降糖活性,但正丁醇部位和水部位对肾上腺素高血糖小鼠模型的降血糖作用更为显著。
第四部分HPLC测定不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量
目的：测定不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量。方法：采用HPLC法对主要指针性成分进行定量检测,色谱条件为色谱柱：Gemini C18柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相：水-甲醇(45：55),流速：1.0mL·min-1,波长：205nm,进样量：10μL。结果：苦瓜皂苷对照品在0.051～1.02mg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,Y=1.7504X-0.3545(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.38%(RSD=1.99%)。结论：不同产地苦瓜根中苦瓜皂苷的含量有较大差别,可用此法较好的评价该品种的质量。
第五部分正交试验法优选苦瓜根总皂苷提取工艺
目的：优选苦瓜根中苦瓜总皂苷的最佳提取工艺。方法：以提取液中苦瓜总皂苷含量为考察指标,分光光度法测定其含量,采用L9(34)正交试验法优选苦瓜根总皂苷的提取工艺。结果：较优的提取工艺为提取2次,每次2h,乙醇浓度60%,乙醇用量8倍,提取温度80℃。结论：优选得到的提取工艺稳定、可行、重现性好,可为苦瓜根总皂苷的提取提供参考。
PART I:Pharmacognostical Study on bitter gourd root
Objective:To conduct a pharmacognostical study on bitter gourd root so as to provide scientific evidence for the development,utilization and quality control of this herbal plant. Method:The pharmacognosy of bitter gourd root was studied from the aspects including plant resource characteristics, microscopic and physiochemical identifications,etc. Result:bitter gourd root was distinctive in all the studiedaspects (plant resource, characteristics, microscopic and physiochemical identifications). Conclusion:The results of the study could serve as scientific evidences for the quality standard, development and utilization of bitter gourd root.
PART Ⅱ:Study on the a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Extract Parts from the Bitter Gourd Root
Objective:To study the a-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different extract parts from root of the bitter gourd root and screen the active part.Method:Organic solvent extract after ethanol circumfluence to obtain petroleum benzine、acetidin、n-butanol and water extraction parts.PNPG colorimetry was used to detect the a-glucosidase inhibiting activity of ethanol extract and the other parts. Result:All of the extract parts of root of the bitter gourd root had different inhibiting effect to a-glucosidase. There were significant differences between the extract parts and control group (P<0.01). Water part had the strongest inhibitory activity,when the concentration was 100ug.ml-1,the inhibition rate got to61%.Conclusion:Different extract parts of the bitter gourd root have inhibiting effect on a-glucosidase and the water part.have the strongest effect.
PART Ⅲ:Study on the saponin aglycone constituents and screen the active site of the Bitter gourd root
Objective:To study the chemical composition and Screen hypoglycemic active site of bitter gourd root.Method：Extraced with70%ethanol, underpressure concentrated, then extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extraction step by step to get all bitter gourd root extract parts of different polarity.Using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC, monomer compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate. Using subcutaneous injection400μg.kg-1adrenal hydrochloride injection to replication in mice model of high blood sugar to screen the active site of bitter gourd root. Result:Three compounds were obtained from the Ethyl acetate extract, Chemical structures were β-sitosterol,I;5,25-stigmastadien-3-ol, Ⅱ;(23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol;Cucurbita-5,24-diene-3,7,23-trione。Results showed that extracts of different polarity and aglycone have a certain effect of hypoglycemic activity on adrenaline hyperglycemia,and the most significant hypoglycemic parts are n-butanol and water extracts.Conclusion:Aglycone has some hypoglycemic activity on mouse model of high blood sugar, However,the hypoglycemic efect of n-butanol and water extracts adrenaline effect is more notable.
PART IV:Determination of Saponins in the Root of Momordica Charantia L. in Ddifferent Areas by HPLC
Objective:To determine the content of saponins in the root of Momordica Charantia L. in different areas by HPLC. Method:the content of saponins in Momordica Charantia L. was determined by HPLC, chromatographic conditions:the chromatographic column was Gemini C18(250*4.6mm,5μm),the mobile phase was water-methanol (45:55),the column temperature was30℃,the flow rate was1mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was205nm,and the inject volume was10μL. Result:the linear relationship was good within0.051～1.02mg-mL-l,the regression equation was Y=1.7504X-0.3545(r=0.9998),the average recovery was99.38%(RSD=1.99%). Conclusion: the differences of saponins in the root of Momordica Charantia L. in different areas varied greatly, this method can be used in quality assessment and control.
PART V:Study on the Extraction Process of saponins in roots of Momordica charantia.L by Orthogonal Design
Objective:To optimal the technology of extraction for saponins in the roots of Momordica charantia.L. Method:Taking total saponins of Momordica charantia.L and Ginsenoside as standard sample, selecting531nm wavelength and by spectrometric method. Alcohol content, alcohol amounts, extracting temperature and extracting time were selected as four factors, and the contents of saponins from the roots of Momordica charantia.L in water extraction were used as indexes.L9(34) Orthogonal test was employed for selecting the optimum of extraction technology. Result:Alcohol content60%, alcohol8amounts, extracting3times with two hours for each time was considersd the optimum extraction technology of the roots of Momordica charantia.L. Conclusion:The technology after optimization has a good stability、feasible and reproducibility, the method can be used in the extracting of total saponins from the roots of Momordica charantia.L.
引文
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