吉林临江羚羊铁矿石分选基础研究
摘要
自1996年以来,我国钢铁产量一直居世界首位。钢铁工业生产的飞速发展,导致铁矿石需求和生产的迅猛增长,铁矿石生产呈现供不应求的局面。我国从2003年起,成为世界进口铁矿石最多的国家,2007年铁矿石进口量高达3.83亿吨,2008年进口量达4.33亿吨。尽管由于全球经济危机的影响,使我国的钢铁生产有所减缓,但是随着我国居民消费结构的升级、工业化和城镇化步伐的加快,对钢铁产品的需求还将继续增加,钢铁工业还将继续发展,铁矿石大量依赖进口的局面难以在短期内得到扭转。
我国高品位的优质铁矿资源逐渐枯竭,随之而来的国际铁矿石价格的大幅提高,迫使我们必须以战略性的眼光,有预见性地开发潜在的铁矿资源。我国铁矿石的主要特点是“贫”、“细”、“杂”,平均铁品位32%,比世界平均品位低11个百分点。我国97.5%的铁矿石需要选矿处理,并且复杂难选的红铁矿所占比例较大(约占铁矿石储量的20.8%)。在这种情况下,开展难选低品位铁矿石的选矿关键技术研究就显得尤为重要。
本论文以吉林临江羚羊铁矿石为研究对象,在系统工艺矿物学研究的基础上,系统研究了采用磁选—浮选、焙烧磁选、深度还原—磁选等多种工艺时各种试验条件对该难选铁矿石分选效果的影响。
研究结果表明,临江羚羊铁矿石采用常规磁选和浮选工艺,铁矿物均不能得到有效分离,矿石,有用铁矿物嵌布粒度过细以及与脉石矿物的包裹是导致该铁矿石难选的主要原因。
用焙烧磁选方法处理羚羊铁矿石可得到符合要求的铁精矿,即焙烧—磁选足处理临江羚羊铁矿石最有效的分选工艺,当磁化焙烧温度为750～800℃,焙烧时间为40～120min,实验室获得了铁精矿品位最高达到67%的产品;以河北丰宁丰东煤矿次烟煤为还原剂时,煤的适宜填加量为8%,可以获得铁精矿品位58%以上,回收率60%左右的较好指标；分级焙烧产品特性研究农明,粗、中粒级铁矿石的焙烧程度不完全,细粒级焙烧还原较为完全,在铁矿石焙烧前应尽量将矿石破碎成粒度均匀的细粒级矿石。
采用实验室箱式电炉、单向加热炉进行深度还原试验,确定了深度还原过程的基础工艺条件,并研究了煤的质量对深度还原过程的影响,在适宜的深度还原条件下,深度还原铁粉产品的金属化率达到86.81%,还原后产品在适宜的选别流程和工艺条件下,获得了全铁品位为88.09%和铁回收率为88.32%的深度还原铁粉产品。以洗精煤为还原剂的深度还原铁粉中钙、镁的含量相对较低,硅和铝含量符合直接还原铁产品的要求。深度还原时铁颗粒的生长过程可分为还原成核、深度还原、颗粒长大三个阶段。
上述研究成果为吉林临江难选羚羊铁矿石的高效合理利用与开发找到了可行的利用方案,并对类似复杂铁矿石的处理具有良好的借鉴意义。
Since1996, the Chinese steel output has kept the first in the world. With the rapid development of steel industrial production, it is caused that swift increase of demand and production of iron ores, and demand of iron ores exceeds supply. Since2003, China has become the largest importer of iron ore in the world. Furthermore, iron ores of383millions tons were imported in2007and the imports of iron ores was up to433millions tons in2008. Authough, the internal output steel has declined due to the effect of global economic crisis, with upgrading of consumed structure of resident and development of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for steel product will increase continuously and steel industry will continue to develop. Thus, the situation that the most iron ores relies on importing from other countries is hard to get torsion in short period.
The resource of high grade iron ores is gradually exhausted in China, and then in addition of the price of iron ores rise substantially, so potential iron ores resource have to be developed with strategic and foresighted vision. The major characteristic of the Chinese iron ores is "poor","fine" and "miscellaneous", and average grade of iron in China is32%and lower11percents than that in the world. Not only that, but iron ores of97.5%in China need to conduct mineral processing, and the proportion of complex refractory hematite is greater (20.8%of iron ores reserves). Therefore, it is particularly important to develop the crucial technology of mineral processing for low grade refractory iron ores.
In this paper, Lingyang iron ore from Linjiang Jilin (namely Jilin antelope iron ore) was chosen as research object. On the foundation of technology mineralogy research, the effect of various testing conditions on separation results of the iron ore were studied systematacially with different technology, such as magnetic separation flotation, roast-magnetic separation,deep reduction-selection, etc.
The study results showed that iron minerals were not separated effectively by the means of conventional magnetic separaton and flotation due to superfine useful minerals in the iron ore and ternary association between useful and gangue minerals.
The iron concentrate according with quality requirement could be gotten by roast-magnetic separation technology, that is said, roast-magnetic separation technology was most effective process for Lingyang iron ore. When roast temperature was750℃～800℃and roast time was40-120min, the grade of iron concentrate was up to67%; With secondly bituminite of Hebei Fongning coal as reductant and suitable proportion of coal to iron ore was8%, the grade and recovery of iron concentrate was over58%and about60%respectively. The classification results of roasted products showed that in the reduction clinker, the coarse and medium grain size products were green roasting, however, the fines were complete roasting. Thus, before roasting, it had better crush iron ore to be fine grain size equably.
The deep reduction tests were conducted in the box resistance furnace and one-way heating furnace, technique conditions in reduction process were determined. Rduction iron powders with mllization ratio of86.91%, iron grade of88.09%and iron recovery of88.32%were produced in suitable reduction condition and feasible processing flowsheets and technics. The contents of magnesium and calcium in the deep reduction iron powders used washery coal as reduction reagent were low comparatively and contents of silicon and aluminum met demand of direct reduced iron. Furthermore, the growing process of iron particle could be divided into three stages including nucleation, deep reduction and particle growth.
Above-mentioned research results provided feasible program and theoretical basis how to use and develop Lingyang iron ore efficiently and reasonably and offer reference for another kinds of complex refractory iron ore.
我国高品位的优质铁矿资源逐渐枯竭,随之而来的国际铁矿石价格的大幅提高,迫使我们必须以战略性的眼光,有预见性地开发潜在的铁矿资源。我国铁矿石的主要特点是“贫”、“细”、“杂”,平均铁品位32%,比世界平均品位低11个百分点。我国97.5%的铁矿石需要选矿处理,并且复杂难选的红铁矿所占比例较大(约占铁矿石储量的20.8%)。在这种情况下,开展难选低品位铁矿石的选矿关键技术研究就显得尤为重要。
本论文以吉林临江羚羊铁矿石为研究对象,在系统工艺矿物学研究的基础上,系统研究了采用磁选—浮选、焙烧磁选、深度还原—磁选等多种工艺时各种试验条件对该难选铁矿石分选效果的影响。
研究结果表明,临江羚羊铁矿石采用常规磁选和浮选工艺,铁矿物均不能得到有效分离,矿石,有用铁矿物嵌布粒度过细以及与脉石矿物的包裹是导致该铁矿石难选的主要原因。
用焙烧磁选方法处理羚羊铁矿石可得到符合要求的铁精矿,即焙烧—磁选足处理临江羚羊铁矿石最有效的分选工艺,当磁化焙烧温度为750～800℃,焙烧时间为40～120min,实验室获得了铁精矿品位最高达到67%的产品;以河北丰宁丰东煤矿次烟煤为还原剂时,煤的适宜填加量为8%,可以获得铁精矿品位58%以上,回收率60%左右的较好指标；分级焙烧产品特性研究农明,粗、中粒级铁矿石的焙烧程度不完全,细粒级焙烧还原较为完全,在铁矿石焙烧前应尽量将矿石破碎成粒度均匀的细粒级矿石。
采用实验室箱式电炉、单向加热炉进行深度还原试验,确定了深度还原过程的基础工艺条件,并研究了煤的质量对深度还原过程的影响,在适宜的深度还原条件下,深度还原铁粉产品的金属化率达到86.81%,还原后产品在适宜的选别流程和工艺条件下,获得了全铁品位为88.09%和铁回收率为88.32%的深度还原铁粉产品。以洗精煤为还原剂的深度还原铁粉中钙、镁的含量相对较低,硅和铝含量符合直接还原铁产品的要求。深度还原时铁颗粒的生长过程可分为还原成核、深度还原、颗粒长大三个阶段。
上述研究成果为吉林临江难选羚羊铁矿石的高效合理利用与开发找到了可行的利用方案,并对类似复杂铁矿石的处理具有良好的借鉴意义。
Since1996, the Chinese steel output has kept the first in the world. With the rapid development of steel industrial production, it is caused that swift increase of demand and production of iron ores, and demand of iron ores exceeds supply. Since2003, China has become the largest importer of iron ore in the world. Furthermore, iron ores of383millions tons were imported in2007and the imports of iron ores was up to433millions tons in2008. Authough, the internal output steel has declined due to the effect of global economic crisis, with upgrading of consumed structure of resident and development of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for steel product will increase continuously and steel industry will continue to develop. Thus, the situation that the most iron ores relies on importing from other countries is hard to get torsion in short period.
The resource of high grade iron ores is gradually exhausted in China, and then in addition of the price of iron ores rise substantially, so potential iron ores resource have to be developed with strategic and foresighted vision. The major characteristic of the Chinese iron ores is "poor","fine" and "miscellaneous", and average grade of iron in China is32%and lower11percents than that in the world. Not only that, but iron ores of97.5%in China need to conduct mineral processing, and the proportion of complex refractory hematite is greater (20.8%of iron ores reserves). Therefore, it is particularly important to develop the crucial technology of mineral processing for low grade refractory iron ores.
In this paper, Lingyang iron ore from Linjiang Jilin (namely Jilin antelope iron ore) was chosen as research object. On the foundation of technology mineralogy research, the effect of various testing conditions on separation results of the iron ore were studied systematacially with different technology, such as magnetic separation flotation, roast-magnetic separation,deep reduction-selection, etc.
The study results showed that iron minerals were not separated effectively by the means of conventional magnetic separaton and flotation due to superfine useful minerals in the iron ore and ternary association between useful and gangue minerals.
The iron concentrate according with quality requirement could be gotten by roast-magnetic separation technology, that is said, roast-magnetic separation technology was most effective process for Lingyang iron ore. When roast temperature was750℃～800℃and roast time was40-120min, the grade of iron concentrate was up to67%; With secondly bituminite of Hebei Fongning coal as reductant and suitable proportion of coal to iron ore was8%, the grade and recovery of iron concentrate was over58%and about60%respectively. The classification results of roasted products showed that in the reduction clinker, the coarse and medium grain size products were green roasting, however, the fines were complete roasting. Thus, before roasting, it had better crush iron ore to be fine grain size equably.
The deep reduction tests were conducted in the box resistance furnace and one-way heating furnace, technique conditions in reduction process were determined. Rduction iron powders with mllization ratio of86.91%, iron grade of88.09%and iron recovery of88.32%were produced in suitable reduction condition and feasible processing flowsheets and technics. The contents of magnesium and calcium in the deep reduction iron powders used washery coal as reduction reagent were low comparatively and contents of silicon and aluminum met demand of direct reduced iron. Furthermore, the growing process of iron particle could be divided into three stages including nucleation, deep reduction and particle growth.
Above-mentioned research results provided feasible program and theoretical basis how to use and develop Lingyang iron ore efficiently and reasonably and offer reference for another kinds of complex refractory iron ore.
引文
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