山区高等级公路控速诱导技术及大范围应用研究
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摘要
为了解决山区高等级公路由于超速导致车辆失控事故频发的问题,针对我国山区高等级公路交通安全现状的特殊性,在系统思想的指导下,开展基于人一车一路相结合的控速诱导技术研究,将是消除车辆超速行驶现象,避免恶性道路交通事故发生的根本途径,对山区高等级公路交通安全状况的改善具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本研究以改善山区高等级公路运营安全性为目标,通过调查研究、系统分析、实车道路试验、动力学建模与仿真和多目标优化等方法,开发了安全、高效的公路控速诱导系统,并投入了实际应用,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。研究的主要内容有：
(1)通过驾驶人车速控制行为影响因素分析,设计了基于提高公路车速控制诱导能力的强制控速设施调研方案,对180位有经验的驾驶人遭遇强制控速设施时的控速行为和控速心理进行了问卷调查。根据问卷调查分析结论,运用同构理论和霍尔三维结构原理,构建了具有控速诱导功能的时间弱相关公路控速诱导系统,该系统是由核心要素一强制控速设施和从属要素一前置危险警告信息、控速设施警告信息、视错觉控速诱导信息按照信息流转递的特有结构形式组成,通过负反馈和内部协作力的作用,在自身涨落力的推动下实现了系统的整体最优化,满足了系统全局控速、充分控速和可靠控速的需求,解决了山区公路危险路段车速控制的系统性问题。
在强制控速设施对驾驶人控速心理影响调研和系统需求分析的基础上,应用目标分层分解法,根据驾驶人主客观认知原理、车辆冲击动力学及控速效果动力学理论,提出了公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系,该体系包括控速有效性、使用可靠性和制作经济性三个一级评价指标。
(2)针对车辆与强制控速设施接触过程的特殊性,提出了有效路形的计算模型,给出了解析求解方法；根据车辆悬架的结构特性和脉冲输入的振动特性分析,得到了分段线性的悬架模型；在有效路面激励输入和分段线性悬架模型的基础上,建立了车辆一强制控速设施系统五自由度非线性冲击动力学模型,并以随机振动响应为初值,采用空间步长恒定的方法开发了车辆一强制控速设施系统振动仿真计算软件。为了验证车辆冲击动力学模型的有效性,进行了实车道路试验,试验与仿真结果比较表明,该车辆冲击动力学模型是有效的,能够用于脉冲输入条件下车辆振动的仿真计算,计算结果可为强制控速设施的多目标优化提供数据支撑。
(3)在仿真计算的基础上,根据公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系,建立了以车辆冲击强度、控速诱导力度和制作经济性为目标,以高度、宽度和断面形状为决策变量的强制控速设施结构形式的非线性离散型多目标优化模型。利用模糊最优决策方法得出梯形为强制控速设施的最佳断面形状,同时对多目标优化模型进行了简化,然后通过无量纲方法对模型进行规范化处理,获得多目标优化的标准模型,并采用线性加权法和功效系数法获得多目标优化问题的pareto最优解,全面解决了强制控速设施的车辆冲击强度、控速诱导力度和制作经济性相矛盾的问题；
(4)根据公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系、系统组成结构和路面结构受力分析,提出了强制控速设施的最优设置间距、最优安装方案和最优表面花纹形式以及前置危险警告信息最优内涵表述和最优设置位置,并对公路控速诱导系统进行了大范围推广应用,应用结果表明,公路控速诱导系统对山区高等级公路危险路段具有明显的交通安全改善效果。
In order to solve the problem that the vehicle is out of control because of over-speed in mountainous area highways, this study aimed at the particularity of current situation of traffic safety for the mountainous area highways. Under the Inducement of system thinking, this study researches on the speed control Inducement technology based on the combined operation of DVR (Driver-Vehicle-Road and environment). This study will become the basic way of eliminating the phenomenon of over-speed driving and avoiding the happening of serious traffic. Therefore, it has important significance and practical value to improve the condition of traffic safety for mountainous area highways.
For the purpose of improving the safety operation for mountainous area highways, this study develops the safety and efficient speed control Inducement system using the methods of investigation, system analysis, road test, dynamics modeling and simulating, and multiple target optimizing. This study puts into practical application and achieves good economic and social benefits. The main works completed are as follows:
Through the analysis of influencing factor of driver speed control, this study design the survey scheme of speed control device based on enhancing the ability of speed control Inducement. Then, this study does the questionnaire survey of behavior and psychology of speed control when180experienced drivers meet with road humps. According to the conclusion of questionnaire survey, this study builds the speed control Inducement system which has the function of speed control Inducement using isomorphism theory and Hall three-dimensional structure. This system consists of core elements and subordinate elements by the specific structures of information flow. The core elements are speed control device. The subordinate elements are prepositive alarming signals, the warning message of speed control device, speed control Inducement message of optical illusion. Through the effect of negative feedback and interior cooperation force, this study achieves the optimization of the system by the promotion of fluctuation strength. Therefore, this study satisfies with the need of the overall speed control, full speed control and reliable speed control, and solves the systematic problems of speed control of dangerous sections in mountainous expressway
Based on the survey of the speed control psychology and the analysis of the system requirements, this study puts forward the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system using the target multi-resolution decomposition method. According to cognition theory of subjectivity and objectivity, shock dynamics of vehicle, and dynamics theory of speed control effect. This system includes availability of speed control, application safety, and manufacture economy which are primary evaluation index.
Against the particularity of the contact process of vehicle and speed control device, this study puts forward the computation model of effective road shape, and achieves the method of analysis and solution. According to the structural characteristics of vehicle suspension and the analysis of vibration characteristics, this study gets the suspension model of piecewise linearity. Based on the effective road incentives and the suspension model of piecewise linearity, this study builds the5-DOF and nonlinearity shock dynamical model of speed control device. Through selecting the response of random vibration to be initial value, this study develops the simulation software of the vibration of the speed control device. In order to verify the validity of vehicle dynamical model, this study does the real road trial. Through the comparison between test and simulation, the results indicate the shock dynamical model is valid, the model can be used the simulation calculation of vehicle vibration under the condition of pulse input. The calculation result can put forward the data support for multiple targets optimization of speed control device.
According to the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system, this study builds the nonlinear and discrete multiobjective optimization model of the speed control device structure based on the simulation calculation. The targets are vehicle impact strength, speed control Inducement force and manufacture economy, and the decision variables are height, width and section shape. The result is that the trapezoid is the best section shape of the speed control device. At the same time, this study simplifies the multiobjective optimization model, then deals with the model using dimensionless method and achieves standard multiobjective model. The "pareto" optimal solution of multiple targets optimization is gotten using the linear weighting method and efficacy coefficient method. This study solves the conflicting problem among the availability of speed control, application safety, and manufacture economy for speed control device.
According to the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system, composition structure and force analysis of road surface structure, this study puts forward the optimal setting space, optimal installment scheme, optimal figure forms of the surfaces and the optimal setting position of prepositive alarming signals. This study does the application and dissemination for the speed control Inducement system. The result indicates that the speed control Inducement system can make the obvious improvement effect for traffic safety of mountainous highway
本研究以改善山区高等级公路运营安全性为目标,通过调查研究、系统分析、实车道路试验、动力学建模与仿真和多目标优化等方法,开发了安全、高效的公路控速诱导系统,并投入了实际应用,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。研究的主要内容有：
(1)通过驾驶人车速控制行为影响因素分析,设计了基于提高公路车速控制诱导能力的强制控速设施调研方案,对180位有经验的驾驶人遭遇强制控速设施时的控速行为和控速心理进行了问卷调查。根据问卷调查分析结论,运用同构理论和霍尔三维结构原理,构建了具有控速诱导功能的时间弱相关公路控速诱导系统,该系统是由核心要素一强制控速设施和从属要素一前置危险警告信息、控速设施警告信息、视错觉控速诱导信息按照信息流转递的特有结构形式组成,通过负反馈和内部协作力的作用,在自身涨落力的推动下实现了系统的整体最优化,满足了系统全局控速、充分控速和可靠控速的需求,解决了山区公路危险路段车速控制的系统性问题。
在强制控速设施对驾驶人控速心理影响调研和系统需求分析的基础上,应用目标分层分解法,根据驾驶人主客观认知原理、车辆冲击动力学及控速效果动力学理论,提出了公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系,该体系包括控速有效性、使用可靠性和制作经济性三个一级评价指标。
(2)针对车辆与强制控速设施接触过程的特殊性,提出了有效路形的计算模型,给出了解析求解方法；根据车辆悬架的结构特性和脉冲输入的振动特性分析,得到了分段线性的悬架模型；在有效路面激励输入和分段线性悬架模型的基础上,建立了车辆一强制控速设施系统五自由度非线性冲击动力学模型,并以随机振动响应为初值,采用空间步长恒定的方法开发了车辆一强制控速设施系统振动仿真计算软件。为了验证车辆冲击动力学模型的有效性,进行了实车道路试验,试验与仿真结果比较表明,该车辆冲击动力学模型是有效的,能够用于脉冲输入条件下车辆振动的仿真计算,计算结果可为强制控速设施的多目标优化提供数据支撑。
(3)在仿真计算的基础上,根据公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系,建立了以车辆冲击强度、控速诱导力度和制作经济性为目标,以高度、宽度和断面形状为决策变量的强制控速设施结构形式的非线性离散型多目标优化模型。利用模糊最优决策方法得出梯形为强制控速设施的最佳断面形状,同时对多目标优化模型进行了简化,然后通过无量纲方法对模型进行规范化处理,获得多目标优化的标准模型,并采用线性加权法和功效系数法获得多目标优化问题的pareto最优解,全面解决了强制控速设施的车辆冲击强度、控速诱导力度和制作经济性相矛盾的问题；
(4)根据公路控速诱导系统的评价指标体系、系统组成结构和路面结构受力分析,提出了强制控速设施的最优设置间距、最优安装方案和最优表面花纹形式以及前置危险警告信息最优内涵表述和最优设置位置,并对公路控速诱导系统进行了大范围推广应用,应用结果表明,公路控速诱导系统对山区高等级公路危险路段具有明显的交通安全改善效果。
In order to solve the problem that the vehicle is out of control because of over-speed in mountainous area highways, this study aimed at the particularity of current situation of traffic safety for the mountainous area highways. Under the Inducement of system thinking, this study researches on the speed control Inducement technology based on the combined operation of DVR (Driver-Vehicle-Road and environment). This study will become the basic way of eliminating the phenomenon of over-speed driving and avoiding the happening of serious traffic. Therefore, it has important significance and practical value to improve the condition of traffic safety for mountainous area highways.
For the purpose of improving the safety operation for mountainous area highways, this study develops the safety and efficient speed control Inducement system using the methods of investigation, system analysis, road test, dynamics modeling and simulating, and multiple target optimizing. This study puts into practical application and achieves good economic and social benefits. The main works completed are as follows:
Through the analysis of influencing factor of driver speed control, this study design the survey scheme of speed control device based on enhancing the ability of speed control Inducement. Then, this study does the questionnaire survey of behavior and psychology of speed control when180experienced drivers meet with road humps. According to the conclusion of questionnaire survey, this study builds the speed control Inducement system which has the function of speed control Inducement using isomorphism theory and Hall three-dimensional structure. This system consists of core elements and subordinate elements by the specific structures of information flow. The core elements are speed control device. The subordinate elements are prepositive alarming signals, the warning message of speed control device, speed control Inducement message of optical illusion. Through the effect of negative feedback and interior cooperation force, this study achieves the optimization of the system by the promotion of fluctuation strength. Therefore, this study satisfies with the need of the overall speed control, full speed control and reliable speed control, and solves the systematic problems of speed control of dangerous sections in mountainous expressway
Based on the survey of the speed control psychology and the analysis of the system requirements, this study puts forward the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system using the target multi-resolution decomposition method. According to cognition theory of subjectivity and objectivity, shock dynamics of vehicle, and dynamics theory of speed control effect. This system includes availability of speed control, application safety, and manufacture economy which are primary evaluation index.
Against the particularity of the contact process of vehicle and speed control device, this study puts forward the computation model of effective road shape, and achieves the method of analysis and solution. According to the structural characteristics of vehicle suspension and the analysis of vibration characteristics, this study gets the suspension model of piecewise linearity. Based on the effective road incentives and the suspension model of piecewise linearity, this study builds the5-DOF and nonlinearity shock dynamical model of speed control device. Through selecting the response of random vibration to be initial value, this study develops the simulation software of the vibration of the speed control device. In order to verify the validity of vehicle dynamical model, this study does the real road trial. Through the comparison between test and simulation, the results indicate the shock dynamical model is valid, the model can be used the simulation calculation of vehicle vibration under the condition of pulse input. The calculation result can put forward the data support for multiple targets optimization of speed control device.
According to the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system, this study builds the nonlinear and discrete multiobjective optimization model of the speed control device structure based on the simulation calculation. The targets are vehicle impact strength, speed control Inducement force and manufacture economy, and the decision variables are height, width and section shape. The result is that the trapezoid is the best section shape of the speed control device. At the same time, this study simplifies the multiobjective optimization model, then deals with the model using dimensionless method and achieves standard multiobjective model. The "pareto" optimal solution of multiple targets optimization is gotten using the linear weighting method and efficacy coefficient method. This study solves the conflicting problem among the availability of speed control, application safety, and manufacture economy for speed control device.
According to the evaluation indexes of speed control Inducement system, composition structure and force analysis of road surface structure, this study puts forward the optimal setting space, optimal installment scheme, optimal figure forms of the surfaces and the optimal setting position of prepositive alarming signals. This study does the application and dissemination for the speed control Inducement system. The result indicates that the speed control Inducement system can make the obvious improvement effect for traffic safety of mountainous highway
引文
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