泥质活性炭的制备及污泥热解动力学研究
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摘要
随着污水处理厂数量的增加和国家排放标准的严格化，污水处理厂产生的污泥越来越多，由于污水污泥的含水率高等特点，采用传统的卫生填埋、农用、投海等处理方法都存在不同的弊端。因此污水污泥的处理已成为全球关注的问题。热解法作为最有潜力的热化学处理技术具有许多优点。利用城市污水处理厂污泥制备活性炭就是利用热解原理进行污泥资源化利用的新方法。
以西安市污水处理厂未消化脱水污泥为原料制备了泥质活性炭。得出了制备工艺参数对泥质活性炭外貌特性、化学组成、孔结构特性的影响规律，并分别深入探讨了干燥污泥和活化污泥热解过程中活化能及指前因子的变化规律，在DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同的机理函数描述其热解机理，得出干燥污泥和经不同浓度活化剂活化后污泥的分阶段热解反应动力学模型，为实际工业化生产提供了试验数据参考。用制备的泥质活性炭应用于含铬废水的处理，分析了不同吸附条件对污染物去除率的影响规律，评价了泥质活性炭对含铬废水的去除效果。通过动态吸附实验及再生实验对含铬废水进行重复吸附，效果良好。并分析了泥质活性炭的应用前景及生产成本。
以西安市污水处理厂未消化脱水污泥为原料，采用氯化锌炭化活化法制备了泥质活性炭。研究了氯化锌浓度、活化温度、活化时间、液固比对评价指标碘值和亚甲基蓝值的影响规律，以最终综合分值为控制指标确定了泥质活性炭的最佳制备条件，即活化剂浓度4mol·L~(-1)、活化温度550℃、活化时间60min、液固比为2.5:1，制备出来的活性炭碘值大于358.68mg·g~(-1)，亚甲基蓝吸附值大于45.90mg·g~(-1)，得出了各因素按影响大小排序为：活化温度＞活化剂浓度＞活化时间＞液固比。泥质活性炭比表面积为227m2·g~(-1)，平均孔径为0.71nm，微孔比表面积所占比例51.44%，中大孔比表面积所占比例48.56%。总孔孔容为100.89ml/g，微孔孔容63.50ml/g，中孔孔容37.39ml/g，微孔孔容所占比例为62.94%，中大孔孔容所占比例为37.06%。通过电镜扫描(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、氮气吸附等手段表征了泥质活性炭的特性，分析了工艺参数对泥质活性炭外貌特征、化学组成、孔结构和吸附性能的影响规律。
通过氮气吸附仪对制备的泥质活性炭进行测定，得到的吸附等温线属于Ⅱ型吸附等温线，应用BET多分子层吸附理论模型拟合泥质活性炭上氮气吸附等温线的BET直线方程，得出常数C为414.869，因为C＞2时，所以吸附等温线是Ⅱ型，这与实验所得的吸附等温线结果是一致的。吸附─脱附等温线的滞后环均为A类滞后环，制备的泥质活性炭的孔结构可能是两端开口的均匀圆管状孔或不规则筒形、菱形、方形、均匀珠串形孔等。
利用热重(TG)分析仪，采用非等温技术对城市污水处理厂干燥污泥热和活化污泥的热解特性及动力学模型系统地进行了研究，得出干燥污泥和活化污泥不同的热解机理模型。分别探索了在热重分析时干燥污泥和活化污泥升温速率对污泥热解转化率和转化速率的影响。结合Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法，Kissinger法，Satava-Sestak法和Coats-Redfern法对干燥污泥热解进行了动力学分析，确定了干燥污泥热解反应的动力学三因子，确定了干燥污泥热解最概然机理函数。干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能为90~110kJ·mol~(-1)，指前因子为1.32×109~3.55×109min~(-1)。
通过双外推法确定了干燥污泥热解最概然机理函数。因为污泥热解过程中不能采用单一的机理模型来描述整个热解过程，所以在DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同的热解机理模型来描述污泥热解反应，DTG峰值前后体系处于原始状态的Eα→0值分别为102.17kJ·mol~(-1)和88.17kJ·mol~(-1)。DTG曲线峰值前最概然机理函数为No.3G-B方程，属三维扩散、球形对称机理，DTG曲线峰值前干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能Eβ→0=107.44KJ·mol~(-1)，lnAβ→0=12.64；DTG曲线峰值后最概然机理函数为No.13Avrami-Erofeev方程(n=3)，热解机理为随机成核和随后生长机理，DTG曲线峰值后干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能Eβ→0=88.34KJ·min~(-1)， lnAβ→0=14.25。
对活化污泥DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同机理函数描述其热解机理，采用双外推法确定了不同浓度的活化剂活化后污泥的最概然热解机理函数。对于制备泥质活性炭常用的不同浓度活化剂活化后污泥的热解机理模型进行了研究，得出四阶段热解机理模型。经3mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为二维扩散、圆柱形对称机理，lnAβ→0=8.4529；1.5级化学反应机理，lnAβ→0=3.6824；3级化学反应机理，lnAβ→0=23.019；成核、生长机理(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=-4.5689。经4mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为2级化学反应，lnAβ→0=0.0232；成核和生长(n=3)，lnAβ→0=28.395；3级化学反应， lnAβ→0=30.643；三维扩散机理，lnAβ→0=7.5558。经5mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为Mampel-Power法则(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=4.3671；3级化学反应，lnAβ→0=3.9417；2级化学反应，lnAβ→0=19.103；Mampel-Power法则(n=3/2)，lnAβ→0=17.133。
研究了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能，考察了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附动力学行为。研究了以泥质活性炭投加量、pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、吸附时间对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率的影响规律，通过正交试验确定了影响Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的四个因素中按影响大小排序为：泥质活性炭投加量＞pH值＞Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度＞吸附时间。确定了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水最佳吸附条件为：吸附时间10min，Cr6+初始质量浓度10mg/L，泥质活性炭投加量5g/L，溶液pH=1，在此吸附条件下，泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水吸附率高于99.6％。泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的去除率不亚于商品活性炭，而且每克活性炭能吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)量大于商品活性炭。分别用伪一级动力学方程、伪二级动力学方程、修正伪一级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散模型进行拟合，发现泥质活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附过程更符合伪二级反应动力学模型。
用污水处理厂污泥制备活性炭是一种污泥资源化技术，可达到“减量化、资源化、无害化”的目的，在吸附含重金属废水等方面具有广阔的应用前景，是一种廉价的水处理吸附剂。为污水处理厂污泥的资源化利用找到了一种可行的经济的处置方法。
With the increasing of waste water treatment plant and discharge standards weremore and more stern, more and more sewage sludge were produced. In consideration ofthe fact that the sewage sludge with high moisture content was hard to be disposed,Sanitary landfills, sludge farm application and ocean disposal et al existed problems.Sewage sludge treatment and disposal had become a focused issue in global. Pyrolysiswas one kind of effective techniques in sewage sludge treatment, which had a lot ofadvantages comparing with normal method. Preparation of sewage sludge-basedactivated carbon was a new method of utilization sewage sludge.
The sewage sludge-based activated carbons were prepared through chemicalactivating by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as activating agent. And the affecting factors ofsewage sludge-based activated carbons are also discussed. The effect of affecting factorssuch as activation temperature, activation time, activator concentrations and liquid-solidratio was systematically studied. Effect of procedure parameters on the pore structure andabsorbability of sewage sludge-based activated carbon were also discussed.
The sewage sludge-based activated carbons were prepared through chemicalactivating by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as activating agent. And the affecting factors ofsewage sludge-based activated carbons are also discussed. The effect of affecting factorssuch as activation temperature, activation time, activator concentrations and liquidliquid-solid ratio was systematically studied. Comprehensive factor score was regarded asevaluating index, the optimum preparation parameters were obtained as follows:activation temperature was550℃, activation time was60minutes, activator concentrations4mol.L~(-1)liquid-solid ratio2.5:1, and the iodine adsorption capacity was358.68mg.g~(-1),and the methylene blue adsorption reached45.9mg.g~(-1).The effects ofvarious factors on properties of activated carbon are in the following descending order:activation time> activation time> activator concentrations>liquid-solid ratio. Sewagesludge-based activated carbons were studied by SEM, and mainly Mesoporous in nature.
The thermal decomposition kinetics of dry sewage sludge was investigated bymeans of non-isothermal TG at different heating rates of5K·min~(-1),10K·min~(-1),15K·min~(-1),20K·min~(-1)and30K·min~(-1). The non-isothermal kinetic parameters andmechanical functions were analyzed by means of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation andCoats-Redfern equation. Before and after DTG peak, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa andCoats-Redfern were used to determine the kinetic parameters. Before and after DTG peak,Eα→0=102.17kJ·mol~(-1),88.17kJ·mol~(-1)respectively. Before DTG peak, the most probablekinetic function was No.3G-B Equation, and the corresponding mechanism wascontrolled by Three-Dimensional Diffusion （cylindrical symmetry）.The apparentactivation energy and the pre-exponential constant(A) were Eβ→0=107.44KJ·mol~(-1)，lnAβ→0=12.64respectively. After DTG peak, the most probable kinetic function was No.13Avrami-Erofeev Equation (n=3), and the corresponding mechanism was controlled byrandom nuclear producing and growing process. The apparent activation energy and thepre-exponential constant (A) were Eβ→0=88.34KJ·mol~(-1), lnAβ→0=14.25respectively.
The thermal decomposition kinetics of activated sewage sludge was investigated bymeans of non-isothermal TG at different heating rates of5K·min~(-1),15K·min~(-1),20K·min~(-1),30K·min~(-1)and50K·min~(-1). The non-isothermal kinetic parameters andmechanical functions were analyzed by means of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation andCoats-Redfern equation. Four step pyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by3mol·L~(-1)were as follow, two dimensional diffusion equation, cylindrical symmetrymechanism, lnAβ→0=8.4529; chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders forchemical reaction was1.5, lnAβ→0=3.6824; chemical reaction mechanism, the reactionorders for chemical reaction was3, lnAβ→0=23.019; Nucleation and growth mechanism,n=1/3, lnAβ→0=-4.5689. Four step pyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by4mol·L~(-1)were as follow, chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders for chemicalreaction was2, lnAβ→0=0.0232;nucleation and growth mechanism,(n=3), lnAβ→0=28.395;chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders for chemical reactionwas3,lnAβ→0=30.643; two dimensional diffusion equation,lnAβ→0=7.5558.Four steppyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by5mol·L~(-1)were as follow,Mampel-Powerlaw(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=4.3671；chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders forchemical reaction was3, lnAβ→0=3.9417；chemical reaction mechanism, the reactionorders for chemical reaction was2,lnAβ→0=19.103；Mampel-Power law(n=3/2)，lnAβ→0=17.133。
The sorption action of sewage sludge-based activated carbon absorbing waste watercontaining Cr (VI) has been studied in this paper. sludge activated carbon was preparedby pyrolysis process using excess sewage sludge as raw material and ZnCl2as activatingagent． The optimum conditions for Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption using the prepared sewagesludge-based activated carbon are as follows：adsorption time10min，Cr(Ⅵ)initial massconcentration10mg/L，activated carbon dosage5g/L，solution pH2．Under theseconditions the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) higher than99.6％．Factors affecting the adsorbability of sewage sludge-based activated carbons on waste water containing Cr(VI)decreased in the order of activated carbon dosage>pH>Cr(Ⅵ)initial massconcentration>adsorption time. The adsorption of Cr (Ⅵ) follows the Pseudosecond-order kinetic model.
Preparations of sewage sludge-based activated carbon, as a kind of reduction,recycle and safe treatment was a new method of utilization sewage sludge. This showedthe extensive application of treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals in thefuture. Sewage sludge-based activated carbon was a cheap adsorbent. A possibleutilization method of sewage sludge was introduced.
以西安市污水处理厂未消化脱水污泥为原料制备了泥质活性炭。得出了制备工艺参数对泥质活性炭外貌特性、化学组成、孔结构特性的影响规律，并分别深入探讨了干燥污泥和活化污泥热解过程中活化能及指前因子的变化规律，在DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同的机理函数描述其热解机理，得出干燥污泥和经不同浓度活化剂活化后污泥的分阶段热解反应动力学模型，为实际工业化生产提供了试验数据参考。用制备的泥质活性炭应用于含铬废水的处理，分析了不同吸附条件对污染物去除率的影响规律，评价了泥质活性炭对含铬废水的去除效果。通过动态吸附实验及再生实验对含铬废水进行重复吸附，效果良好。并分析了泥质活性炭的应用前景及生产成本。
以西安市污水处理厂未消化脱水污泥为原料，采用氯化锌炭化活化法制备了泥质活性炭。研究了氯化锌浓度、活化温度、活化时间、液固比对评价指标碘值和亚甲基蓝值的影响规律，以最终综合分值为控制指标确定了泥质活性炭的最佳制备条件，即活化剂浓度4mol·L~(-1)、活化温度550℃、活化时间60min、液固比为2.5:1，制备出来的活性炭碘值大于358.68mg·g~(-1)，亚甲基蓝吸附值大于45.90mg·g~(-1)，得出了各因素按影响大小排序为：活化温度＞活化剂浓度＞活化时间＞液固比。泥质活性炭比表面积为227m2·g~(-1)，平均孔径为0.71nm，微孔比表面积所占比例51.44%，中大孔比表面积所占比例48.56%。总孔孔容为100.89ml/g，微孔孔容63.50ml/g，中孔孔容37.39ml/g，微孔孔容所占比例为62.94%，中大孔孔容所占比例为37.06%。通过电镜扫描(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、氮气吸附等手段表征了泥质活性炭的特性，分析了工艺参数对泥质活性炭外貌特征、化学组成、孔结构和吸附性能的影响规律。
通过氮气吸附仪对制备的泥质活性炭进行测定，得到的吸附等温线属于Ⅱ型吸附等温线，应用BET多分子层吸附理论模型拟合泥质活性炭上氮气吸附等温线的BET直线方程，得出常数C为414.869，因为C＞2时，所以吸附等温线是Ⅱ型，这与实验所得的吸附等温线结果是一致的。吸附─脱附等温线的滞后环均为A类滞后环，制备的泥质活性炭的孔结构可能是两端开口的均匀圆管状孔或不规则筒形、菱形、方形、均匀珠串形孔等。
利用热重(TG)分析仪，采用非等温技术对城市污水处理厂干燥污泥热和活化污泥的热解特性及动力学模型系统地进行了研究，得出干燥污泥和活化污泥不同的热解机理模型。分别探索了在热重分析时干燥污泥和活化污泥升温速率对污泥热解转化率和转化速率的影响。结合Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法，Kissinger法，Satava-Sestak法和Coats-Redfern法对干燥污泥热解进行了动力学分析，确定了干燥污泥热解反应的动力学三因子，确定了干燥污泥热解最概然机理函数。干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能为90~110kJ·mol~(-1)，指前因子为1.32×109~3.55×109min~(-1)。
通过双外推法确定了干燥污泥热解最概然机理函数。因为污泥热解过程中不能采用单一的机理模型来描述整个热解过程，所以在DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同的热解机理模型来描述污泥热解反应，DTG峰值前后体系处于原始状态的Eα→0值分别为102.17kJ·mol~(-1)和88.17kJ·mol~(-1)。DTG曲线峰值前最概然机理函数为No.3G-B方程，属三维扩散、球形对称机理，DTG曲线峰值前干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能Eβ→0=107.44KJ·mol~(-1)，lnAβ→0=12.64；DTG曲线峰值后最概然机理函数为No.13Avrami-Erofeev方程(n=3)，热解机理为随机成核和随后生长机理，DTG曲线峰值后干燥污泥热解过程的表观活化能Eβ→0=88.34KJ·min~(-1)， lnAβ→0=14.25。
对活化污泥DTG曲线峰值前后分别采用不同机理函数描述其热解机理，采用双外推法确定了不同浓度的活化剂活化后污泥的最概然热解机理函数。对于制备泥质活性炭常用的不同浓度活化剂活化后污泥的热解机理模型进行了研究，得出四阶段热解机理模型。经3mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为二维扩散、圆柱形对称机理，lnAβ→0=8.4529；1.5级化学反应机理，lnAβ→0=3.6824；3级化学反应机理，lnAβ→0=23.019；成核、生长机理(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=-4.5689。经4mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为2级化学反应，lnAβ→0=0.0232；成核和生长(n=3)，lnAβ→0=28.395；3级化学反应， lnAβ→0=30.643；三维扩散机理，lnAβ→0=7.5558。经5mol·L~(-1)活化剂活化后污泥的四阶段热解机理依次为Mampel-Power法则(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=4.3671；3级化学反应，lnAβ→0=3.9417；2级化学反应，lnAβ→0=19.103；Mampel-Power法则(n=3/2)，lnAβ→0=17.133。
研究了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能，考察了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附动力学行为。研究了以泥质活性炭投加量、pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、吸附时间对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率的影响规律，通过正交试验确定了影响Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的四个因素中按影响大小排序为：泥质活性炭投加量＞pH值＞Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度＞吸附时间。确定了泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水最佳吸附条件为：吸附时间10min，Cr6+初始质量浓度10mg/L，泥质活性炭投加量5g/L，溶液pH=1，在此吸附条件下，泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水吸附率高于99.6％。泥质活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的去除率不亚于商品活性炭，而且每克活性炭能吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)量大于商品活性炭。分别用伪一级动力学方程、伪二级动力学方程、修正伪一级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散模型进行拟合，发现泥质活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附过程更符合伪二级反应动力学模型。
用污水处理厂污泥制备活性炭是一种污泥资源化技术，可达到“减量化、资源化、无害化”的目的，在吸附含重金属废水等方面具有广阔的应用前景，是一种廉价的水处理吸附剂。为污水处理厂污泥的资源化利用找到了一种可行的经济的处置方法。
With the increasing of waste water treatment plant and discharge standards weremore and more stern, more and more sewage sludge were produced. In consideration ofthe fact that the sewage sludge with high moisture content was hard to be disposed,Sanitary landfills, sludge farm application and ocean disposal et al existed problems.Sewage sludge treatment and disposal had become a focused issue in global. Pyrolysiswas one kind of effective techniques in sewage sludge treatment, which had a lot ofadvantages comparing with normal method. Preparation of sewage sludge-basedactivated carbon was a new method of utilization sewage sludge.
The sewage sludge-based activated carbons were prepared through chemicalactivating by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as activating agent. And the affecting factors ofsewage sludge-based activated carbons are also discussed. The effect of affecting factorssuch as activation temperature, activation time, activator concentrations and liquid-solidratio was systematically studied. Effect of procedure parameters on the pore structure andabsorbability of sewage sludge-based activated carbon were also discussed.
The sewage sludge-based activated carbons were prepared through chemicalactivating by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as activating agent. And the affecting factors ofsewage sludge-based activated carbons are also discussed. The effect of affecting factorssuch as activation temperature, activation time, activator concentrations and liquidliquid-solid ratio was systematically studied. Comprehensive factor score was regarded asevaluating index, the optimum preparation parameters were obtained as follows:activation temperature was550℃, activation time was60minutes, activator concentrations4mol.L~(-1)liquid-solid ratio2.5:1, and the iodine adsorption capacity was358.68mg.g~(-1),and the methylene blue adsorption reached45.9mg.g~(-1).The effects ofvarious factors on properties of activated carbon are in the following descending order:activation time> activation time> activator concentrations>liquid-solid ratio. Sewagesludge-based activated carbons were studied by SEM, and mainly Mesoporous in nature.
The thermal decomposition kinetics of dry sewage sludge was investigated bymeans of non-isothermal TG at different heating rates of5K·min~(-1),10K·min~(-1),15K·min~(-1),20K·min~(-1)and30K·min~(-1). The non-isothermal kinetic parameters andmechanical functions were analyzed by means of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation andCoats-Redfern equation. Before and after DTG peak, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa andCoats-Redfern were used to determine the kinetic parameters. Before and after DTG peak,Eα→0=102.17kJ·mol~(-1),88.17kJ·mol~(-1)respectively. Before DTG peak, the most probablekinetic function was No.3G-B Equation, and the corresponding mechanism wascontrolled by Three-Dimensional Diffusion （cylindrical symmetry）.The apparentactivation energy and the pre-exponential constant(A) were Eβ→0=107.44KJ·mol~(-1)，lnAβ→0=12.64respectively. After DTG peak, the most probable kinetic function was No.13Avrami-Erofeev Equation (n=3), and the corresponding mechanism was controlled byrandom nuclear producing and growing process. The apparent activation energy and thepre-exponential constant (A) were Eβ→0=88.34KJ·mol~(-1), lnAβ→0=14.25respectively.
The thermal decomposition kinetics of activated sewage sludge was investigated bymeans of non-isothermal TG at different heating rates of5K·min~(-1),15K·min~(-1),20K·min~(-1),30K·min~(-1)and50K·min~(-1). The non-isothermal kinetic parameters andmechanical functions were analyzed by means of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation andCoats-Redfern equation. Four step pyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by3mol·L~(-1)were as follow, two dimensional diffusion equation, cylindrical symmetrymechanism, lnAβ→0=8.4529; chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders forchemical reaction was1.5, lnAβ→0=3.6824; chemical reaction mechanism, the reactionorders for chemical reaction was3, lnAβ→0=23.019; Nucleation and growth mechanism,n=1/3, lnAβ→0=-4.5689. Four step pyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by4mol·L~(-1)were as follow, chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders for chemicalreaction was2, lnAβ→0=0.0232;nucleation and growth mechanism,(n=3), lnAβ→0=28.395;chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders for chemical reactionwas3,lnAβ→0=30.643; two dimensional diffusion equation,lnAβ→0=7.5558.Four steppyrolysis models of sewage sludge activated by5mol·L~(-1)were as follow,Mampel-Powerlaw(n=1/3)，lnAβ→0=4.3671；chemical reaction mechanism, the reaction orders forchemical reaction was3, lnAβ→0=3.9417；chemical reaction mechanism, the reactionorders for chemical reaction was2,lnAβ→0=19.103；Mampel-Power law(n=3/2)，lnAβ→0=17.133。
The sorption action of sewage sludge-based activated carbon absorbing waste watercontaining Cr (VI) has been studied in this paper. sludge activated carbon was preparedby pyrolysis process using excess sewage sludge as raw material and ZnCl2as activatingagent． The optimum conditions for Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption using the prepared sewagesludge-based activated carbon are as follows：adsorption time10min，Cr(Ⅵ)initial massconcentration10mg/L，activated carbon dosage5g/L，solution pH2．Under theseconditions the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) higher than99.6％．Factors affecting the adsorbability of sewage sludge-based activated carbons on waste water containing Cr(VI)decreased in the order of activated carbon dosage>pH>Cr(Ⅵ)initial massconcentration>adsorption time. The adsorption of Cr (Ⅵ) follows the Pseudosecond-order kinetic model.
Preparations of sewage sludge-based activated carbon, as a kind of reduction,recycle and safe treatment was a new method of utilization sewage sludge. This showedthe extensive application of treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals in thefuture. Sewage sludge-based activated carbon was a cheap adsorbent. A possibleutilization method of sewage sludge was introduced.
引文
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