粉末活性炭循环流化床吸附脱除烟气中SO_2的实验研究
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摘要
在各种烟气脱硫技术中,活性炭吸附脱硫是一种可资源化的烟气脱硫技术,该工艺可以同时脱除烟气中的NOx、HCl、HF、二噁英、重金属等污染物,有着广阔的发展和应用前景。然而,目前的活性炭移动床吸附-加热再生法存在反应器体积庞大、占地面积大、设备投资高的问题。同时,移动床炭法脱硫工艺采用机械强度高的定型活性炭,工业应用的Φ5～9mm直径的柱状活性焦内扩散阻力大,内表面利用率低,同时在活性焦输送过程中因破碎、磨损造成机械损失,引起炭的损耗,并且移动床用活性焦的制作工艺复杂,存在成本高、运行费用高的缺点。以此为背景,本文提出了一种新型的吸附反应装置-循环流化床吸附反应器,流化床吸附塔具有传热、传质性能优良,气固混合均匀,压降低以及处理量大的优点,并且采用粉末活性炭,能够解决颗粒活性炭磨损的问题,同时可简化活性炭的制作工艺。本文从吸附平衡、吸附热力学和表观吸附动力学角度分析了烟气中S02在粉末活性炭上的吸附过程和机理；通过详细表征粉末活性炭的物理化学性质和对SO2吸附性能进行测试,分析了活性炭的孔隙结构和表面化学性质对SO2吸附性能的影响,为粉末活性炭的开发提供理论基础；建立了低温沉降炉吸附实验台,探讨了粉末活性炭对烟气中SO2的沿程吸附特性；建立了循环流化床吸附脱硫的小试实验台,研究了操作条件和运行参数对粉末活性炭脱硫性能的影响,为工业应用提供理论依据和基础支持。
本文首先基于恒温固定床反应系统,考察了活性炭粒径、SO2体积分数、吸附温度对活性炭吸附脱除烟气中SO2的影响,从吸附平衡、吸附热力学和表观吸附动力学角度分析了烟气中SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附特性。研究发现,活性炭吸附S02在初始阶段呈现较快的吸附速率,该阶段SO2吸附速率和表面吸附有关；随着吸附的进行,表面活性位逐渐被占据,SO2需要扩散到活性炭内部微孔中的活性位上发生吸附,活性炭的吸附速率急剧下降,粒内扩散起着主要作用；在接近吸附饱和阶段,SO2吸附量增加缓慢直至吸附平衡,该阶段与H2SO4的脱附有关,Bangham吸附动力学模型可以较好地预测SO2在活性炭上的动态吸附过程。与2mm粒径的颗粒活性炭相比,0.075mm粒径的粉末活性炭呈现较快的SO2吸附速率和较高的平衡吸附量；随着SO2体积分数的增加,SO2初始吸附速率和平衡吸附量逐渐增加,SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附平衡符合Freundlich吸附等温线模型与Langmuir吸附等温线模型；吸附热力学研究表明,SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附自由能变△G、吸附焓变AH、吸附熵变△S均为负值,该过程是一个自发、放热、熵降低的过程,升温不利于SO2的吸附。
选择5种不同的粉末活性炭,由N2吸附等温线,通过DR方程、as-plot方法、HK方法、BJH方法、DFT方法、孔隙分形维数对活性炭的孔隙结构进行了表征；通过元素分析、Boehm滴定、热重分析及FT-IR表征了活性炭表面化学性质；在固定床反应系统上对粉末活性炭的脱硫性能进行了测试。研究发现：由于原材料和活化方法不同,5种粉末活性炭具有不同的孔隙结构和表面化学性质,粉末活性炭YAC、CAC1微孔孔径分布较窄,小孔径微孔所占比例较大,而活性炭WAC、 CAC2、CAC3微孔孔径分布相对较宽；粉末活性炭WAC、CAC1、CAC3具有一定量的中孔或大孔,而活性炭YAC、CAC2具有极少的中孔或大孔；活性炭WAC表面含有较多的O元素,主要以羧基、内酯基、酚羟基等酸性含氧官能团的形式存在,活性炭YAC、CAC1表面含有较多的碱性官能团；不同的粉末活性炭呈现不同的SO2吸附速率和饱和吸附量。粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附性能与其比表面积、孔隙容积等不直接相关,微孔孔径分布对活性炭的脱硫性能具有一定影响,活性炭表面官能团的种类和数量对其脱硫性能具有很大影响,碱性官能团的数量与其脱硫性能表现出较好的正相关性。
基于固定床研究结果,搭建了低温沉降炉实验台,研究了粉末活性炭对烟气中SO2的沿程吸附特性,建立了表观沿程吸附动力学模型。结果表明：在初始阶段,SO2迅速被粉末活性炭吸附,随着沿程增加,粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附速率急剧降低,脱硫效率缓慢增加；碳硫摩尔比对SO2的吸附影响很大,随着碳硫摩尔比的增大,脱硫效率逐渐提高,但SO2的初始吸附速率逐渐降低,8O2吸附量逐渐减少；粉末活性炭对S02的吸附性能随温度的升高而下降；随着SO2体积分数的增加,活性炭的脱硫效率逐渐下降,但在粉末活性炭给料速率相同的情况下,SO2的初始吸附速率和吸附量逐渐增加；烟气中的O2、H2O有利于粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附；粉末活性炭的循环利用对于提高脱硫效率,降低活性炭用量,提高活性炭的利用率,起着非常重要的作用。在低温沉降炉上,模拟了粉末活性炭的循环倍率对脱硫效率的影响,随着粉末活性炭循环倍率的增加,脱硫效率逐渐增加,粉末活性炭的循环利用可实现对烟气中SO2的高效脱除；在低温沉降炉反应系统上,粉末活性炭对SO2的沿程动态吸附过程可以用Bangham吸附动力学模型描述。
建立了循环流化床吸附脱硫的小试实验系统,对粉末活性炭在流化床内的脱硫性能进行了考察,研究了碳硫摩尔比、反应温度、水蒸气体积分数等操作条件和运行参数对脱硫效率的影响规律,对粉末活性炭的循环吸附特性及吸附动力学进行了分析。研究表明：碳硫摩尔比对粉末活性炭的脱硫效率影响很大,随着碳硫摩尔比的增加,脱硫效率逐渐增加,但活性炭对SO2的吸附量逐渐减少,不同粉末活性炭呈现出不同的脱硫效率及变化趋势,与其具有不同的孔隙结构及表面化学性质有关；水蒸气浓度的增加有利于活性炭脱硫效率的提高；在60℃以上的温度区间(60～75℃),脱硫效率随温度的升高而下降,在60℃以下的温度区间(40～60℃),脱硫效率随着温度的降低变化不大；在循环吸附过程中,粉末活性炭具有较高的初始吸附速率,随着吸附时间的增加,吸附速率迅速衰减；粉末活性炭在循环流化床内对SO2的吸附动力学可用Bangham吸附动力学模型描述。
Adsorption desulfurization by activated carbon is a resource utilization technology among a variety of flue gas desulfurization technologies. This technology can also remove other pollutants such as NOx, HF, HCl, dioxins, and heavy metals and so on. Therefore, there is a very promising future for application. However the moving-bed adsorption and heating regeneration technology has disadvantage of lager size of reactor and high investment. This technology uses formed activated coke of high mechanical strength as adsorbent. The activated coke of5-9mm diameter has drawbacks of severe internal diffusion, low utilization of inner surface, mechanical loss due to fragmentation and abrasion during the transportation process, complex production process, and high cost and operating expense. Based on this background, a new type of adsorption device, circulating fluidized bed adsorption reactor, was proposed. The circulating fluidized bed has the advantage of excellent heat and mass transfer, high performance of gas-solid mixing and low pressure drop. The circulating fluidized bed technology can use powder activated carbon to avoid abrasion of adsorbent and simply the production process of activated carbon. The adsorption equilibrium, adsorption thermodynamics and apparent adsorption kinetics of SO2onto powder activated carbon were investigated. The physicochemical property of activated carbon and its effect on SO2adsorption were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of activated carbon. The SO2adsorption performance along the way was studied in a low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system. The effects of operating parameters on the desulfurization performance of fluidized activated carbon were investigated in the lab circulating fluidized bed experimental system in order to provide a foundation support for industrialization.
The effects of activated carbon particle size, SO2volume fraction and adsorption temperature on SO2adsorption were investigated based on a thermostat fixed-bed reactor. The adsorption equilibrium, adsorption thermodynamics and apparent adsorption kinetics of SO2onto powder activated carbon were analyzed. The results show that there is a rapid SO2adsorption rate on activated carbon in the initial stage, which is determined by the surface adsorption, after that the adsorption rate drops sharply due to the effect of intraparticle diffusion, and then the adsorption rate drops slowly and the amount of SO2adsorbed increases slowly until the adsorption equilibrium, which is determined by the desorption rate of H2SO4. The Bangham kinetic model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon. The powder activated carbon of0.075mm diameter shows a larger SO2adsorption rate and the amount of SO2adsorbed at equilibrium compared with granular activated carbon of2mm diameter. The initial SO2adsorption rate and the equilibrium adsorption increase with increasing SO2inlet concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model present better fitted results for SO2adsorption equilibrium on powder activated carbon. The adsorption thermodynamics results indicate that the adsorption enthalpy, the Gibbs free energy, and the entropy are negative, so the adsorption is a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy decreasing process. The SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon is unfavorable at higher temperature.
Five kinds of powder activated carbons were investigated to SO2removal in a fixed bed reactor. The pore texture characteristics of the adsorbents were characterized by analyzing N2adsorption isotherm through several approaches, namely DR, as-plot, HK, BJH, DFT and micropore fractal dimension. The surface chemical properties were characterized by elemental analysis, Boehm titration, thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR. The results show that the powder activated carbons have different pore structure and surface chemical properties because of the different precursor and activation method. The activated carbon YAC and CAC1present narrow micropore size distribution and has a large amount of small micropores, while WAC, CAC2and CAC3have relatively wide micropore size distribution. The activated carbon WAC, CAC1and CAC3have a certain amount of mesopores and macropores, while YAC and CAC2have few of mesopores and macropores. The powder activated carbon WAC has more element of oxygen, mainly in the form of acidic oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl, lactone, phenol and so on, while YAC and CAC1have more basic functional groups. Five kinds of powder activated carbon present different SO2adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption capacity due to different physicochemical properties. The desulphurization activity of powder activated carbon is independent of specific surface area and pore volume. Micropore size distribution has a certain influence on SO2removal. The type and quantity of surface functional groups have a great effect on the desulphurization performance. There is a good correlation between the amount of basic functional groups and SO2adsorption.
Based on the results of fixed-bed studies, a low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system was built up. SO2adsorption over powder activated carbon along the way was investigated, and an apparent adsorption kinetics model was proposed. The results show that SO2is quickly adsorbed by powder activated carbon in the initial stage, and then the desulfurization efficiency increases slowly along the way. The carbon-sulfur molar ratio has a great effect on SO2adsorption, and the desulfurization efficiency gradually increase with carbon-sulfur ratio increasing due to the increase in the number of active sites. However, the initial adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of SO2gradually decrease with carbon-sulfur ratio increasing due to competitive adsorption between powder activated carbons. The desulfurization efficiency decreases with increasing adsorption temperature and SO2volume fraction. The initial adsorption rate and adsorption capacity increase with increasing SO2volume fraction at the same feed rate of powder activated carbon. O2and H2O from flue gas promote SO2adsorption by activated carbon. Circulating of powder activated carbon plays a very important role to enhance desulfurization efficiency, reduce the amount of adsorbents and improve the utilization of activated carbon. The desulfurization efficiency increases with increasing circulating ratio of activated carbon, and circulating of powder activated carbon can achieve efficient removal of SO2from flue gas. The Bangham kinetics model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon in the low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system.
A circulating fluidized bed adsorption system was built up in which SO2removal performance of powder activated carbon was investigated. The effects of operating parameters such as carbon-sulfur molar ratio, adsorption temperature and H2O volume fraction on SO2removal efficiency were investigated. The cyclic adsorption characteristics and adsorption kinetics of powder activated carbon were analyzed. The results show that the carbon-sulfur molar ratio has a great effect on SO2removal. The desulfurization gradually increases with increasing carbon-sulfur ratio, however the adsorption capacity of SO2gradually decreases. Different kinds of activated carbon present different desulfurization efficiency and change trends due to different pore texture and surface chemistry. SO2removal efficiency increases with H2O concentration increasing. The desulfurization rate decreases with temperature increasing in the range of above60℃, and changes little below60℃.In the cycling of powder activated carbon, activated carbon shows a higher initial adsorption rate, and then the adsorption rate decreases rapidly with adsorption time increasing The Bangham kinetics model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon in the circulating fluidized bed adsorption system.
本文首先基于恒温固定床反应系统,考察了活性炭粒径、SO2体积分数、吸附温度对活性炭吸附脱除烟气中SO2的影响,从吸附平衡、吸附热力学和表观吸附动力学角度分析了烟气中SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附特性。研究发现,活性炭吸附S02在初始阶段呈现较快的吸附速率,该阶段SO2吸附速率和表面吸附有关；随着吸附的进行,表面活性位逐渐被占据,SO2需要扩散到活性炭内部微孔中的活性位上发生吸附,活性炭的吸附速率急剧下降,粒内扩散起着主要作用；在接近吸附饱和阶段,SO2吸附量增加缓慢直至吸附平衡,该阶段与H2SO4的脱附有关,Bangham吸附动力学模型可以较好地预测SO2在活性炭上的动态吸附过程。与2mm粒径的颗粒活性炭相比,0.075mm粒径的粉末活性炭呈现较快的SO2吸附速率和较高的平衡吸附量；随着SO2体积分数的增加,SO2初始吸附速率和平衡吸附量逐渐增加,SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附平衡符合Freundlich吸附等温线模型与Langmuir吸附等温线模型；吸附热力学研究表明,SO2在粉末活性炭上的吸附自由能变△G、吸附焓变AH、吸附熵变△S均为负值,该过程是一个自发、放热、熵降低的过程,升温不利于SO2的吸附。
选择5种不同的粉末活性炭,由N2吸附等温线,通过DR方程、as-plot方法、HK方法、BJH方法、DFT方法、孔隙分形维数对活性炭的孔隙结构进行了表征；通过元素分析、Boehm滴定、热重分析及FT-IR表征了活性炭表面化学性质；在固定床反应系统上对粉末活性炭的脱硫性能进行了测试。研究发现：由于原材料和活化方法不同,5种粉末活性炭具有不同的孔隙结构和表面化学性质,粉末活性炭YAC、CAC1微孔孔径分布较窄,小孔径微孔所占比例较大,而活性炭WAC、 CAC2、CAC3微孔孔径分布相对较宽；粉末活性炭WAC、CAC1、CAC3具有一定量的中孔或大孔,而活性炭YAC、CAC2具有极少的中孔或大孔；活性炭WAC表面含有较多的O元素,主要以羧基、内酯基、酚羟基等酸性含氧官能团的形式存在,活性炭YAC、CAC1表面含有较多的碱性官能团；不同的粉末活性炭呈现不同的SO2吸附速率和饱和吸附量。粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附性能与其比表面积、孔隙容积等不直接相关,微孔孔径分布对活性炭的脱硫性能具有一定影响,活性炭表面官能团的种类和数量对其脱硫性能具有很大影响,碱性官能团的数量与其脱硫性能表现出较好的正相关性。
基于固定床研究结果,搭建了低温沉降炉实验台,研究了粉末活性炭对烟气中SO2的沿程吸附特性,建立了表观沿程吸附动力学模型。结果表明：在初始阶段,SO2迅速被粉末活性炭吸附,随着沿程增加,粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附速率急剧降低,脱硫效率缓慢增加；碳硫摩尔比对SO2的吸附影响很大,随着碳硫摩尔比的增大,脱硫效率逐渐提高,但SO2的初始吸附速率逐渐降低,8O2吸附量逐渐减少；粉末活性炭对S02的吸附性能随温度的升高而下降；随着SO2体积分数的增加,活性炭的脱硫效率逐渐下降,但在粉末活性炭给料速率相同的情况下,SO2的初始吸附速率和吸附量逐渐增加；烟气中的O2、H2O有利于粉末活性炭对SO2的吸附；粉末活性炭的循环利用对于提高脱硫效率,降低活性炭用量,提高活性炭的利用率,起着非常重要的作用。在低温沉降炉上,模拟了粉末活性炭的循环倍率对脱硫效率的影响,随着粉末活性炭循环倍率的增加,脱硫效率逐渐增加,粉末活性炭的循环利用可实现对烟气中SO2的高效脱除；在低温沉降炉反应系统上,粉末活性炭对SO2的沿程动态吸附过程可以用Bangham吸附动力学模型描述。
建立了循环流化床吸附脱硫的小试实验系统,对粉末活性炭在流化床内的脱硫性能进行了考察,研究了碳硫摩尔比、反应温度、水蒸气体积分数等操作条件和运行参数对脱硫效率的影响规律,对粉末活性炭的循环吸附特性及吸附动力学进行了分析。研究表明：碳硫摩尔比对粉末活性炭的脱硫效率影响很大,随着碳硫摩尔比的增加,脱硫效率逐渐增加,但活性炭对SO2的吸附量逐渐减少,不同粉末活性炭呈现出不同的脱硫效率及变化趋势,与其具有不同的孔隙结构及表面化学性质有关；水蒸气浓度的增加有利于活性炭脱硫效率的提高；在60℃以上的温度区间(60～75℃),脱硫效率随温度的升高而下降,在60℃以下的温度区间(40～60℃),脱硫效率随着温度的降低变化不大；在循环吸附过程中,粉末活性炭具有较高的初始吸附速率,随着吸附时间的增加,吸附速率迅速衰减；粉末活性炭在循环流化床内对SO2的吸附动力学可用Bangham吸附动力学模型描述。
Adsorption desulfurization by activated carbon is a resource utilization technology among a variety of flue gas desulfurization technologies. This technology can also remove other pollutants such as NOx, HF, HCl, dioxins, and heavy metals and so on. Therefore, there is a very promising future for application. However the moving-bed adsorption and heating regeneration technology has disadvantage of lager size of reactor and high investment. This technology uses formed activated coke of high mechanical strength as adsorbent. The activated coke of5-9mm diameter has drawbacks of severe internal diffusion, low utilization of inner surface, mechanical loss due to fragmentation and abrasion during the transportation process, complex production process, and high cost and operating expense. Based on this background, a new type of adsorption device, circulating fluidized bed adsorption reactor, was proposed. The circulating fluidized bed has the advantage of excellent heat and mass transfer, high performance of gas-solid mixing and low pressure drop. The circulating fluidized bed technology can use powder activated carbon to avoid abrasion of adsorbent and simply the production process of activated carbon. The adsorption equilibrium, adsorption thermodynamics and apparent adsorption kinetics of SO2onto powder activated carbon were investigated. The physicochemical property of activated carbon and its effect on SO2adsorption were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of activated carbon. The SO2adsorption performance along the way was studied in a low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system. The effects of operating parameters on the desulfurization performance of fluidized activated carbon were investigated in the lab circulating fluidized bed experimental system in order to provide a foundation support for industrialization.
The effects of activated carbon particle size, SO2volume fraction and adsorption temperature on SO2adsorption were investigated based on a thermostat fixed-bed reactor. The adsorption equilibrium, adsorption thermodynamics and apparent adsorption kinetics of SO2onto powder activated carbon were analyzed. The results show that there is a rapid SO2adsorption rate on activated carbon in the initial stage, which is determined by the surface adsorption, after that the adsorption rate drops sharply due to the effect of intraparticle diffusion, and then the adsorption rate drops slowly and the amount of SO2adsorbed increases slowly until the adsorption equilibrium, which is determined by the desorption rate of H2SO4. The Bangham kinetic model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon. The powder activated carbon of0.075mm diameter shows a larger SO2adsorption rate and the amount of SO2adsorbed at equilibrium compared with granular activated carbon of2mm diameter. The initial SO2adsorption rate and the equilibrium adsorption increase with increasing SO2inlet concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model present better fitted results for SO2adsorption equilibrium on powder activated carbon. The adsorption thermodynamics results indicate that the adsorption enthalpy, the Gibbs free energy, and the entropy are negative, so the adsorption is a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy decreasing process. The SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon is unfavorable at higher temperature.
Five kinds of powder activated carbons were investigated to SO2removal in a fixed bed reactor. The pore texture characteristics of the adsorbents were characterized by analyzing N2adsorption isotherm through several approaches, namely DR, as-plot, HK, BJH, DFT and micropore fractal dimension. The surface chemical properties were characterized by elemental analysis, Boehm titration, thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR. The results show that the powder activated carbons have different pore structure and surface chemical properties because of the different precursor and activation method. The activated carbon YAC and CAC1present narrow micropore size distribution and has a large amount of small micropores, while WAC, CAC2and CAC3have relatively wide micropore size distribution. The activated carbon WAC, CAC1and CAC3have a certain amount of mesopores and macropores, while YAC and CAC2have few of mesopores and macropores. The powder activated carbon WAC has more element of oxygen, mainly in the form of acidic oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl, lactone, phenol and so on, while YAC and CAC1have more basic functional groups. Five kinds of powder activated carbon present different SO2adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption capacity due to different physicochemical properties. The desulphurization activity of powder activated carbon is independent of specific surface area and pore volume. Micropore size distribution has a certain influence on SO2removal. The type and quantity of surface functional groups have a great effect on the desulphurization performance. There is a good correlation between the amount of basic functional groups and SO2adsorption.
Based on the results of fixed-bed studies, a low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system was built up. SO2adsorption over powder activated carbon along the way was investigated, and an apparent adsorption kinetics model was proposed. The results show that SO2is quickly adsorbed by powder activated carbon in the initial stage, and then the desulfurization efficiency increases slowly along the way. The carbon-sulfur molar ratio has a great effect on SO2adsorption, and the desulfurization efficiency gradually increase with carbon-sulfur ratio increasing due to the increase in the number of active sites. However, the initial adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of SO2gradually decrease with carbon-sulfur ratio increasing due to competitive adsorption between powder activated carbons. The desulfurization efficiency decreases with increasing adsorption temperature and SO2volume fraction. The initial adsorption rate and adsorption capacity increase with increasing SO2volume fraction at the same feed rate of powder activated carbon. O2and H2O from flue gas promote SO2adsorption by activated carbon. Circulating of powder activated carbon plays a very important role to enhance desulfurization efficiency, reduce the amount of adsorbents and improve the utilization of activated carbon. The desulfurization efficiency increases with increasing circulating ratio of activated carbon, and circulating of powder activated carbon can achieve efficient removal of SO2from flue gas. The Bangham kinetics model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon in the low temperature drop tube furnace experimental system.
A circulating fluidized bed adsorption system was built up in which SO2removal performance of powder activated carbon was investigated. The effects of operating parameters such as carbon-sulfur molar ratio, adsorption temperature and H2O volume fraction on SO2removal efficiency were investigated. The cyclic adsorption characteristics and adsorption kinetics of powder activated carbon were analyzed. The results show that the carbon-sulfur molar ratio has a great effect on SO2removal. The desulfurization gradually increases with increasing carbon-sulfur ratio, however the adsorption capacity of SO2gradually decreases. Different kinds of activated carbon present different desulfurization efficiency and change trends due to different pore texture and surface chemistry. SO2removal efficiency increases with H2O concentration increasing. The desulfurization rate decreases with temperature increasing in the range of above60℃, and changes little below60℃.In the cycling of powder activated carbon, activated carbon shows a higher initial adsorption rate, and then the adsorption rate decreases rapidly with adsorption time increasing The Bangham kinetics model can be used to predict the kinetics of SO2adsorption on powder activated carbon in the circulating fluidized bed adsorption system.
引文
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