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光环境测试系统精确性研究
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摘要
建筑物理环境品质与人们工作学习生活关系十分密切。其中,建筑光环境对人的健康状态和心理感受影响很大,照明新技术的普及也关系到低碳经济的发展与资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建立。科学的光环境评价与合理的光环境设计,必须建立在对其物理特性的研究基础之上,随着计算机与数字图像技术在科技领域的广泛应用,光环境测试也沿着这个方向行进。
     光环境测试系统正是一套以计算机技术、数字相机成像技术为基础,集多项功能于一体的光环境综合指标测试工具,也是导师与其研究生们倾注了多年研究心血的科技成果结晶。因此,测试系统前期标定流程各主要环节的控制研究,对保障系统精确性并完善其功能是十分有必要的。
     研究开始阶段从多角度出发,对光环境测试系统标定过程相关理论与技术进行了文献归纳,通过相关章节进行了有机的阐述,为研究光环境测试系统精确性及相关应用测试提供了理论基础及参考依据;在标定实验过程中,通过大量的标定样本研究,基于数码相机自身特性,提出光环境测试系统标定实验过程中天然光变化状况、大动态范围、暗环境拍摄过程中的抖动、图像中光源感光范围(光晕与雾挡现象)、白平衡等影响因素。通过对它们的研究,结合实验操作流程、相关技术理论、标定数据,制定了相应条件下的改善及应对措施,并对标定实验方案、实验流程、仪器操作、注意事项等方面进行了规范化说明。
     在光环境测试系统标定过程的图像采集与数据处理研究阶段,基于色度学、数码相机图像特性及计算机图像处理内容基础,总结提出此阶段图像处理分析、RGB转换系数的修正、色坐标测算、光圈及快门速度的变化影响、标定过程ISO值稳定性5个研究节点,分别进行了较深入的研究探讨,并就各自内容得出相应结论;同时,除了在传统光源条件下进行标定外,还对LED光源条件下测试系统进行了标定。在此阶段的研究中,基于实践数据及计算方法之间的推导关系,本文就数字化标定图像数据采集及处理过程,提出制定了相应的计算机标定程序流程结构图,并介绍了光环境标定程序主要功能及相应操作方法。
     在对光环境测试系统标定的研究过程中,从测试系统灰度范围的确定方法、基于相机普通镜头下的物体视场角推导展开了探讨;在测试系统功能扩展方面,研究了采用时间频率法的三基色+白色LED光源调光实验、建筑环境设计中的模拟标定可行性方案,均获得预期效果并得出相关结论。
     本文创新点包括:
     光环境测试系统标定实验环节中,基于数码相机技术特征及不同环境下的大量实验操作经历,提出操作过程中的影响因素类型,通过对测试结果影响的量化分析,提出相应控制原则,并制定出一套关于实验方案、实验流程、仪器操作、注意事项的规范化操作流程。
     数据采集处理环节中,本文就图像处理对测试精度的影响进行了量化分析;通过对数码相机光圈值及快门速度连续变化拍摄实验的标定数据研究,推导出数码相机标定及使用过程中光圈值与快门速度正常工作范围的计算方法;同时,基于对实践数据及计算方法的研究,提出数字化数据采集处理的标定流程,实现了数据采集处理过程的计算机化。
     在对光环境测试系统标定的过程中,提出如何准确合理的定义测试系统灰度范围的实验方法;在测试系统功能扩展研究中,基于现有理论构建了三基色+白色LED的实验方案;同时,结合建筑及环境设计需要,实现对3ds max design中Mental Ray渲染系统的标定,为光环境测试系统增加辅助计算机设计功能提供了一种借鉴思路。
The physical environment of buildings qualities are closely related to theworking, learning and living situations of human being. Among them, lightenvironment has great impact on person's health and psychology, with thepopularization of the new illumination technologies, low carbon economicdevelopment is being pushed. Scientific light environment evaluation andreasonable light environment design, must be based on the research of thephysical properties. Light environment test technology will keep going alongwith the same develop ways that the computer technologies are widely utilized inscientific and technical areas.
     Based on computer and digital camera technologies, SM Light EnvironmentTest System is a multi-function tool which can provide many indexes of the lightenvironment; it’s also an incredible invention preceding many years research ofthe owner. So it’s very important for the precision and complication of the systemfunction to keep every main node of the early calibration working well.
     At the first stage, the paper locates the research on theories and technologiesof the calibration process, and clarifies them as the theory foundations for thelater experiment applications. During calibration experiments which are based ondigital camera herent characteristics and a lot of sample research, influencefactors such as skylight variations, large dynamic range, glow and fog block,white balance are given. Through the research, we offers the improvementapproaches and solutions to the influence factors above, regulations to theexperiment scheme, process, device operation, notes and attentions areformulated.
     At the stage of image acquisition and data processing, with the theories ofcolourometry, digital camera image characteristics and computer graphicstechnologies,5study nodes are formed, they are image processing and analysis,correction to RGB transform coefficients, color coordinates measuring, theinfluence of aperture and shutter speed variation, and stability of the ISOcalibration. During complete study, their own solutions are concluded. At thesame time, calibration software flowchart is being researched and developed, as one of the main results, SM computer calibration program is introducedthoroughly.
     At the stage of the application and extend research on SM Light EnvironmentTest System,4parts are spread and discussed, they are gray scale difinition, RGB+white LED light dimming experiment based on PWM technology, the normallens view angle calculation, and the calibrations of the simulated scenes whichare built with3d aid design software, all the study above achieves the expectedeffect and some related conclusions are also drawn.
     From this paper, we can make the influence factors which are often ignoredquantitative by data processing, so the controlled principles are formulated by theanalysis result, regulations to the experiment scheme, process, device operation,notes and attentions are also the main achievement. In the paper, the EV virtualvalue theory formulas are derived by abundant data calculations; gray scaledifinition methods are discussed meticulously. SM computer calibration programis invented with the guide of the calibration software flowchart. RGB+whiteLED light dimming experiment scheme is basically fulfilled, with the joint of thePWM technology, the light dimming system will get realized soon; the Mentalray lighting system is calibrated and connected to SM Light Environment TestSystem, in3ds max design. From this point, we have added new functions whichcan be good fusions of light environment measure and computer aid design in SMLight Environment Test System.
引文
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