多波段双极化共用口径微带天线阵
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摘要
为满足星载/空载微波合成口径雷达(SAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar)系统多波段、双极化和小型化的需求，本论文探讨了用于SAR系统的多波段双极化共用口径微带天线阵列技术，并提出了几种创新性设计。论文主要包括以下三方面工作：
1)对S/X双波段双极化(DBDP: Dual-Band Dual-Polarization)共用口径天线阵，提出一种3.5:1的非整数频率比设计，并作了实验论证。实测X和S波段VSWR≤1.5带宽均达到了10%，实现了双频段相近量级的百分比带宽；此外，文中浅析了阵列环境中影响单元极化隔离度的因素，并相应验证了隔离度改善的方法；
2)对L/S/X三波段双极化(TBDP: Tri-band Dual-Polarization)共用口径天线阵，文中提出由L/S-、L/X-DBDP子阵和L波段双极化(DP)子阵组合而成的方案，并完成了大部分设计工作和实验测试。L、S和X波段实测VSWR≤2带宽分别达到13.4%，14.8%和16.8%，各波段带内阵列隔离度均优于37dB。据网上已公开发表的文献，该天线应是首例三波段共口径强迫馈电的平面微带天线阵；
3)研究了L/C“堆叠型”、L/C“单层开孔”结构单元。这是“单层开孔”L/C-DBDP天线阵的初步方案论证工作。文中给出了单元的设计要点和加工、测试结果，并比较了两种设计的异同和优劣。
Due to the increasing requirements of multi-band dual-polarization operation andcompact structure for future space/air-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems,the multi-band dual-polarization (MBDP) shared-aperture array antennas for SARapplication are studied, and several novel designs are proposed in the dissertation.The main subjects are listed below:
1) For the S/X dual-band dual-polarized (DBDP) shared aperture array, a newdesign with the frequency ratio of about3.5:1is proposed and its experimentalverification is completed. Similar VSWR≤1.5bandwidths of10%are measuredin both X and S bands. The factors affecting element isolation in the arrayconfiguration are studied, and isolation improvement methods are discussed andvalidated.
2) For the L/S/X tri-band dual-polarized (TBDP) shared aperture array, a newdesign of combining two L/S, L/X DBDP sub-arrays and an L banddual-polarized (DP) sub-array into TBDP aperture is proposed in the dissertation,with most part of design and experimental work finished. Measured VSWR≤2bandwidths of13.4%,14.8%and16.8%are achieved in L, S and X band,respectively, with in-band array isolation better than37dB in all bands.According to the published papers, the antenna is likely to be the first TBDPshared-aperture microstrip antenna array.
3) The L/C overlapped structure and L/C single-layer perforated structure unit cells,are designed, fabricated and validated, which is a preliminary study of “single-layer perforated”-type L/C-DBDP full array. The merits and downsides of eachstructure are discussed and concluded by theoretical analysis and experimentalcomparison.
1)对S/X双波段双极化(DBDP: Dual-Band Dual-Polarization)共用口径天线阵，提出一种3.5:1的非整数频率比设计，并作了实验论证。实测X和S波段VSWR≤1.5带宽均达到了10%，实现了双频段相近量级的百分比带宽；此外，文中浅析了阵列环境中影响单元极化隔离度的因素，并相应验证了隔离度改善的方法；
2)对L/S/X三波段双极化(TBDP: Tri-band Dual-Polarization)共用口径天线阵，文中提出由L/S-、L/X-DBDP子阵和L波段双极化(DP)子阵组合而成的方案，并完成了大部分设计工作和实验测试。L、S和X波段实测VSWR≤2带宽分别达到13.4%，14.8%和16.8%，各波段带内阵列隔离度均优于37dB。据网上已公开发表的文献，该天线应是首例三波段共口径强迫馈电的平面微带天线阵；
3)研究了L/C“堆叠型”、L/C“单层开孔”结构单元。这是“单层开孔”L/C-DBDP天线阵的初步方案论证工作。文中给出了单元的设计要点和加工、测试结果，并比较了两种设计的异同和优劣。
Due to the increasing requirements of multi-band dual-polarization operation andcompact structure for future space/air-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems,the multi-band dual-polarization (MBDP) shared-aperture array antennas for SARapplication are studied, and several novel designs are proposed in the dissertation.The main subjects are listed below:
1) For the S/X dual-band dual-polarized (DBDP) shared aperture array, a newdesign with the frequency ratio of about3.5:1is proposed and its experimentalverification is completed. Similar VSWR≤1.5bandwidths of10%are measuredin both X and S bands. The factors affecting element isolation in the arrayconfiguration are studied, and isolation improvement methods are discussed andvalidated.
2) For the L/S/X tri-band dual-polarized (TBDP) shared aperture array, a newdesign of combining two L/S, L/X DBDP sub-arrays and an L banddual-polarized (DP) sub-array into TBDP aperture is proposed in the dissertation,with most part of design and experimental work finished. Measured VSWR≤2bandwidths of13.4%,14.8%and16.8%are achieved in L, S and X band,respectively, with in-band array isolation better than37dB in all bands.According to the published papers, the antenna is likely to be the first TBDPshared-aperture microstrip antenna array.
3) The L/C overlapped structure and L/C single-layer perforated structure unit cells,are designed, fabricated and validated, which is a preliminary study of “single-layer perforated”-type L/C-DBDP full array. The merits and downsides of eachstructure are discussed and concluded by theoretical analysis and experimentalcomparison.
引文
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