基于本体的“肺与大肠相表里”古代医案数据挖掘方法的探索研究
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摘要
“肺与大肠相表里”是中医藏象学说经典理论之一,有着深厚的理论渊源,在历代文献中都有相关论述。为了更加科学、全面地揭示该理论的深刻内涵,本研究借助信息科学与技术,利用本体构建了以五脏为中心的中医药领域知识模型,包括中医认识方法、中医生理、中医病理、辨证论治四个方面的内容。一共纳入中医概念术语15040条,建立概念之间关系77615条,建立起了具有中医药文字表述特色的语义网络,基本实现了中医学知识的重构与共享。并且应用本体推理技术对“肺与大肠相表里”理论相关古代文献进行数据挖掘,得出该理论的科学内涵以及在肺肠疾病治疗过程中的指导作用,得出的挖掘结果与中医理论和临床实践基本符合,用实例说明了我们所构建的本体可以很好地处理中医学的文献,从而探索出挖掘中医基础理论和中医临床经验的新方法,也为中医药信息检索提供了新途径。
该论文主要从以下几个部分进行论述：
第一部分是基于本体的构建描述。介绍了本体的概念、本体建模元语、建模语言、建模工具以及推理工具等关于本体的基本知识。
第二部分是基于本体技术的中医药领域知识的建模
针对中医药领域缺乏一体化的术语系统和知识模型的问题,利用本体技术对中医药领域的核心概念术语进行知识重构,针对中医药领域概念术语的复杂性、模糊性和争议性,提供了基于本体技术的知识建模方法。通过构建中医药领域的核心本体,实现了中医药领域知识的共享与重用。
构建的中医药领域的核心本体所纳入的概念包括中医认识方法(阴阳、五行学说)、中医生理(脏腑、精气血津液、形体官窍、情志、经络穴位等概念)、中医病理(疾病、病因、病机、症状等概念)、辨证论治(辨证方法、证候、治则、治法、方剂、药物等概念)四个方面的内容。本体建模所建立的语义关系包括等级关系和相关关系,等级相关指的是父类和子类关系,相关关系包括物理相关、空间相关、时间相关、概念相关、功能相关。通过这些语义关系将所纳入的中医药概念连接成以概念为结点,以逻辑关系为路径的语义网络,构建起以五脏为中心,以脏腑、精气血津液、经络、形体官窍、情志等为组成部分,以阴阳属性、五行配属为外延,涵括人体生理功能、病理状态及发病机理、辨证、治法、方剂、药物等非物质性现象及经验性活动在内的符合天人相应理论的中医药知识概念模型,从而为中医药知识的挖掘与利用奠定了数据基础。
第三部分利用构建的本体对有关“肺与大肠相表里”古代医案文献进行数据挖掘与分析。从脏腑生理功能、病机、证候、治法以及药物种类、药物性味、归经、功效等角度的推理数值来阐明“肺与大肠相表里”理论相关古代医案蕴含的证治规律和用药规律。从生理、病理、治疗等方面说明肺与大肠两者在生理上相互联系、病理上相互影响、治疗上肺肠同治的现象和规律。
本论文的创新之处有：①将信息科学与技术应用于中医药领域,利用本体构建了一个以五脏为中心,包括中医认识方法、中医生理、中医病理、辨证论治四大部分内容的覆盖范围较广、概念关系较为明确的中医药领域核心知识模型,为中医药知识表达提供了新方法,也为中医药信息检索提供了新途径。②尝试用本体推理技术来分析挖掘中医经典理论“肺与大肠相表里”理论相关古代医案文献,为挖掘中医基础理论和中医临床经验提供了新方法。推理结果从脏腑生理功能、病机、证候、治法、用药特点等各个角度全面揭示蕴含在中医临床辨证、遣方用药过程中的隐性知识及规律。③对比常规的挖掘方法,提出本体推理技术对于用字简练、医案要素常不完整的古代医案的挖掘尤为适宜,并且可以用于单个验案数据的深度分析。
The theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related" is one of the classical theory of viscera-state doctrine of TCM and has profound theoretical source. It was related in the ancient literature.
In order to reveal the profound connotation of the theory more scientificly and comprehensively, this research constructed TCM knowledge ontology with the information science and technology. The following four aspects concepts are included in the TCM knowledge ontology:TCM recognizing methods concept, TCM physiology concept, TCM pathology concept, treatment based on syndrome differentiation concept. It includes15040TCM terms and11727relations between the terms. The semantic web with Chinese medicine characteristics has been established.lt basically realizes that TCM knowledge has been refactored and shared. And the data mining of the historical documents about the theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " is done by ontology reasoning and we get the scientific connotation of the theory and the guiding role in the process of lung and intestinal disease treatment. The mining results conform to the basic TCM theory and clinical practice. It shows that ontology reasoning is a good way to deal with literature of TCM. So as to explore new method of mining the basic theory and clinical experience of TCM, and provide a new way for TCM information retrieval.
This thesis mainly discusses from the following several parts:
The first part is the description based on ontology construction. The basic knowledge about ontology such as the concept, modeling language, modeling tool and reasoning tools of ontology are introduced.
The second part is constructing TCM knowledge modeling based on ontology.
Reconstruct the knowledge of core concepts and terminology in the field of TCM by using ontology for lack of integral terminology system and knowledge model in this field. And provide the knowledge modeling method based on ontology in order to solve the problem of complexity, fuzziness and controversial concepts and terminology in the field of TCM. By constructing the core ontology in the field of TCM, it has realized to share and reuse the TCM knowledge.
The following four aspects concepts are included in the TCM knowledge ontology:TCM recognizing methods concepts (Yin-Yang theory, five-elements theory), TCM physiology concepts (viscera, essense, qi, blood, body fluid, body, sense organs, emotion, meridian and acupoints, etc.), TCM pathology concepts (diseases, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, etc), treatment based on syndrome differentiation concepts (syndrome differentiation methods, syndromes, therapeutic principles, treatment methods, prescriptions and drugs, etc.). The semantic relations of the TCM knowledge Ontology is including rank correlation and related relationship. Rank correlation refers to the relationship like parent and child. Related relationship includes physical correlation, spatial correlation, time correlation, concept correlation and function correlation.
The semantic network which is based on concepts and logical relationship is constructed through these semantic relations. TCM knowledge model is constructed,which is centering on the five zang-organs, composed of viscera, essense, qi, blood, body fluid, body, sense organs, emotion, meridian and acupoints, including physiological function, pathology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, treatment methods, prescriptions and drugs etc. It includes non-material phenomenon and experiential activities and conforms to the theory of correspondence between human and universe, and lay the data base for TCM knowledge mining.
The third part:use the TCM knowledge ontology which is constructed by us to do data mining and analysis on ancient literature about the theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related ".Do data mining from the angles of pathogenesis, syndrome, treatment methods and drugs, four properties and five tastes, channel tropism, efficacy, as well as physiological function of the viscera, and illustrate the rule of treatment of the theory "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " in ancient literature. Explain the phenomenon and law that lung and large intestine are related to each other in aspects of physiology, pathology and treatment
The innovation of this thesis is:①Information science and technology is applied to the field of TCM. TCM knowledge model is constructed,which includes TCM recognizing methods, TCM physiology, TCM pathology, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation concepts. This knowledge model has advantages, such as wide coverage, clear relationship between the concepts etc. Provide a new way for knowledge representation of TCM and provide a new way for TCM information retrieval.②And use the TCM knowledge ontology which is constructed by us to do data mining and analysis on ancient literature about the theory "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " and explore new method of mining the basic theory and clinical experience of TCM. Reasoning results fully disclose the implicit knowledge and law in the process of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and making a prescription from the perspective of viscera function, pathogenesis, syndrome, treatment, medication characteristics,etc.③Compared to the conventional mining methods, I propose that ontology reasoning technology is suitable for ancient basises which are concise and incomplete.And it is appropriate for analysising a single basis deeply.
该论文主要从以下几个部分进行论述：
第一部分是基于本体的构建描述。介绍了本体的概念、本体建模元语、建模语言、建模工具以及推理工具等关于本体的基本知识。
第二部分是基于本体技术的中医药领域知识的建模
针对中医药领域缺乏一体化的术语系统和知识模型的问题,利用本体技术对中医药领域的核心概念术语进行知识重构,针对中医药领域概念术语的复杂性、模糊性和争议性,提供了基于本体技术的知识建模方法。通过构建中医药领域的核心本体,实现了中医药领域知识的共享与重用。
构建的中医药领域的核心本体所纳入的概念包括中医认识方法(阴阳、五行学说)、中医生理(脏腑、精气血津液、形体官窍、情志、经络穴位等概念)、中医病理(疾病、病因、病机、症状等概念)、辨证论治(辨证方法、证候、治则、治法、方剂、药物等概念)四个方面的内容。本体建模所建立的语义关系包括等级关系和相关关系,等级相关指的是父类和子类关系,相关关系包括物理相关、空间相关、时间相关、概念相关、功能相关。通过这些语义关系将所纳入的中医药概念连接成以概念为结点,以逻辑关系为路径的语义网络,构建起以五脏为中心,以脏腑、精气血津液、经络、形体官窍、情志等为组成部分,以阴阳属性、五行配属为外延,涵括人体生理功能、病理状态及发病机理、辨证、治法、方剂、药物等非物质性现象及经验性活动在内的符合天人相应理论的中医药知识概念模型,从而为中医药知识的挖掘与利用奠定了数据基础。
第三部分利用构建的本体对有关“肺与大肠相表里”古代医案文献进行数据挖掘与分析。从脏腑生理功能、病机、证候、治法以及药物种类、药物性味、归经、功效等角度的推理数值来阐明“肺与大肠相表里”理论相关古代医案蕴含的证治规律和用药规律。从生理、病理、治疗等方面说明肺与大肠两者在生理上相互联系、病理上相互影响、治疗上肺肠同治的现象和规律。
本论文的创新之处有：①将信息科学与技术应用于中医药领域,利用本体构建了一个以五脏为中心,包括中医认识方法、中医生理、中医病理、辨证论治四大部分内容的覆盖范围较广、概念关系较为明确的中医药领域核心知识模型,为中医药知识表达提供了新方法,也为中医药信息检索提供了新途径。②尝试用本体推理技术来分析挖掘中医经典理论“肺与大肠相表里”理论相关古代医案文献,为挖掘中医基础理论和中医临床经验提供了新方法。推理结果从脏腑生理功能、病机、证候、治法、用药特点等各个角度全面揭示蕴含在中医临床辨证、遣方用药过程中的隐性知识及规律。③对比常规的挖掘方法,提出本体推理技术对于用字简练、医案要素常不完整的古代医案的挖掘尤为适宜,并且可以用于单个验案数据的深度分析。
The theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related" is one of the classical theory of viscera-state doctrine of TCM and has profound theoretical source. It was related in the ancient literature.
In order to reveal the profound connotation of the theory more scientificly and comprehensively, this research constructed TCM knowledge ontology with the information science and technology. The following four aspects concepts are included in the TCM knowledge ontology:TCM recognizing methods concept, TCM physiology concept, TCM pathology concept, treatment based on syndrome differentiation concept. It includes15040TCM terms and11727relations between the terms. The semantic web with Chinese medicine characteristics has been established.lt basically realizes that TCM knowledge has been refactored and shared. And the data mining of the historical documents about the theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " is done by ontology reasoning and we get the scientific connotation of the theory and the guiding role in the process of lung and intestinal disease treatment. The mining results conform to the basic TCM theory and clinical practice. It shows that ontology reasoning is a good way to deal with literature of TCM. So as to explore new method of mining the basic theory and clinical experience of TCM, and provide a new way for TCM information retrieval.
This thesis mainly discusses from the following several parts:
The first part is the description based on ontology construction. The basic knowledge about ontology such as the concept, modeling language, modeling tool and reasoning tools of ontology are introduced.
The second part is constructing TCM knowledge modeling based on ontology.
Reconstruct the knowledge of core concepts and terminology in the field of TCM by using ontology for lack of integral terminology system and knowledge model in this field. And provide the knowledge modeling method based on ontology in order to solve the problem of complexity, fuzziness and controversial concepts and terminology in the field of TCM. By constructing the core ontology in the field of TCM, it has realized to share and reuse the TCM knowledge.
The following four aspects concepts are included in the TCM knowledge ontology:TCM recognizing methods concepts (Yin-Yang theory, five-elements theory), TCM physiology concepts (viscera, essense, qi, blood, body fluid, body, sense organs, emotion, meridian and acupoints, etc.), TCM pathology concepts (diseases, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, etc), treatment based on syndrome differentiation concepts (syndrome differentiation methods, syndromes, therapeutic principles, treatment methods, prescriptions and drugs, etc.). The semantic relations of the TCM knowledge Ontology is including rank correlation and related relationship. Rank correlation refers to the relationship like parent and child. Related relationship includes physical correlation, spatial correlation, time correlation, concept correlation and function correlation.
The semantic network which is based on concepts and logical relationship is constructed through these semantic relations. TCM knowledge model is constructed,which is centering on the five zang-organs, composed of viscera, essense, qi, blood, body fluid, body, sense organs, emotion, meridian and acupoints, including physiological function, pathology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, treatment methods, prescriptions and drugs etc. It includes non-material phenomenon and experiential activities and conforms to the theory of correspondence between human and universe, and lay the data base for TCM knowledge mining.
The third part:use the TCM knowledge ontology which is constructed by us to do data mining and analysis on ancient literature about the theory of "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related ".Do data mining from the angles of pathogenesis, syndrome, treatment methods and drugs, four properties and five tastes, channel tropism, efficacy, as well as physiological function of the viscera, and illustrate the rule of treatment of the theory "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " in ancient literature. Explain the phenomenon and law that lung and large intestine are related to each other in aspects of physiology, pathology and treatment
The innovation of this thesis is:①Information science and technology is applied to the field of TCM. TCM knowledge model is constructed,which includes TCM recognizing methods, TCM physiology, TCM pathology, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation concepts. This knowledge model has advantages, such as wide coverage, clear relationship between the concepts etc. Provide a new way for knowledge representation of TCM and provide a new way for TCM information retrieval.②And use the TCM knowledge ontology which is constructed by us to do data mining and analysis on ancient literature about the theory "Lung and Large intestine being interior exteriorly related " and explore new method of mining the basic theory and clinical experience of TCM. Reasoning results fully disclose the implicit knowledge and law in the process of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and making a prescription from the perspective of viscera function, pathogenesis, syndrome, treatment, medication characteristics,etc.③Compared to the conventional mining methods, I propose that ontology reasoning technology is suitable for ancient basises which are concise and incomplete.And it is appropriate for analysising a single basis deeply.
引文
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[1]刘耀,穗志方领域Ontology概念描述体系构建方法研究.大学图书馆学报,2006(5)：28-33
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[4]俞宣孟.本体论研究.上海：上海人民出版社,2005：3-33.
[5]陈春芳.自然地表本体的建模及应用研究[D].华南师范大学2009年硕士学位论文：10.
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