企业家社会网络、双元性创新与技术创新绩效
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摘要
在中国经济转型期中,高技术民营企业已经是我国国民经济的重要的组成部分,也是我国地区经济发展的重要成长源,其是整个产业结构调整与经济发展方式转变的关键行动者已成为各界共识。但与此同时,这些民营企业的地位、作用与成绩都是在促进其发展的政策与公共服务体系等尚不完善的环境之下获取的。高技术民营企业竞争优势的赢得在封闭式创新模式下很难得到解释。已有的一些事实表明：那些获取高创新绩效的民营企业是源于企业家与外部主体所进行的广泛社会交往与联系,其由被动的价值提供者走向了主动的价值创造者。因此,在政府等公共组织角色缺位的情况下,使基于普遍信任和社会网络的规范性社会资源较为稀缺,直接限制了高技术民营企业的快速发展,并迫使企业家转向基于特殊信任和关系网络的企业家非规范性社会资源。
遗憾的是,尽管国内已开始关注企业家社会网络问题,同时面对国外“网络成功经验假设”研究的兴起,国内学者也勾勒出了企业家社会网络特征以及给企业带来的竞争力,但对于企业家社会网络影响技术创新绩效的机理与作用情景的实证研究较少关注,并且关于企业家社会网络功效方面的研究结论还存在一定的分歧性。
本研究以创新网络中的我国民营高技术企业为研究样本,围绕“企业家如何构建恰当的社会网络模式来提升技术创新绩效”这一基本问题。为揭示内在作用机理,本研究从探索式创新与利用式创新提出与检验双元性创新对于企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效提升之间关系的中介作用。将企业家作为企业的天然起点以及实现技术创新绩效提升的关键学习代理人,构建起“企业家社会网络结构特征—双元性创新—技术创新绩效”的理论框架,遵循“结构—行为—绩效”的分析逻辑,层层深入地探析了以下四个逻辑紧密相关的子问题：①社会资源视角下企业家社会网络结构特征维度有哪些构成?②企业家社会网络对技术创新绩效有何影响?③双元性创新是否会对技术创新绩效产生积极的影响?④双元性创新是否起到中介作用?为了解决上述问题通过以下部分展开：
(1)文献述评与理论发展。通过社会资本理论、社会网络理论、技术创新理论等领域相关文献进行了综述,梳理出了与本研究框架相关的理论脉络,分析与归纳了企业家社会网络内涵,并认为就结构特征而言包括了达高性、广泛性、异质性以及关系强度等四大方面,就外延而言,包括了社会网络与个人网络两种类型,并指出企业家社会网络是企业家与企业外部网络成员间的关系集合,这个关系集合中所蕴含的知识、技能等资源为企业赢得技术创新绩效提供了行动机会。
(2)探索性案例研究以及理论框架的提出。通过对11家高技术企业的企业家进行了多轮访谈后,选择4家企业进行探索性案例研究,通过对案例内及案例间分析,揭示了企业社会网络特征对双元性创新行为的影响,及双元性创新行为与技术创新绩效的一般关系,初步形成了企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效关系研究框架,为后续相关研究提供源于实践的构想。
(3)企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效关系的理论模型与定量实证检验。在探索性案例研究基础上,对已有相关理论文献进行了更深层次的理论探讨,分别提出企业家社会网络对技术创新绩效关系的影响概念模型、企业家社会网络影响技术创新绩效的作用机制与对应的细化假设。并且通过151位企业家调研问卷,描述性统计分析、因子分析、信度与效度检验、相关以及多元回归分析等定量统计研究方法对模型和假设进行了实证研究,最终得出了企业家社会网络与企业技术创新绩效关系的相关结论。
通过上述的研究工作,本文得出如下结论：
(1)通过对151位企业家数据的统计研究发现企业家社会网络特征与技术创新绩效之间的假设均成立。具体来说,企业家通过与各级各类政府部门等规制机构的工作人员建立联系,获取了等级体制内稀缺资源,有利于企业获取较高的技术创新绩效；企业家从不同身份成员处有效动员的资源数量促进了技术创新绩效的提升；企业家社会关系网络中嵌入性资源的多样性对技术创新绩效存在积极的影响作用；企业家与网络成员之间的交流频率、交流时间以及情感强度与技术创新绩效之间存在倒U型关系。
(2)双元性创新对技术创新绩效存在积极的影响作用。利用式创新的正向影响效果主要说明了,企业能够深入地揭示已有目标市场中客户的价值以及杠杆利用企业已有的创新资源及组织外部的同质性知识、技能等资源,其在已有技术轨道内实现了相应的创新。探索式创新对技术创新绩效正向影响也主要反映了企业通过对非冗余性知识、技能等资源的重新整合产出了新颖的产品,从而提高了企业的技术创新绩效。
(3)企业家社会网络通过影响双元性创新进而作用于技术创新绩效。综合上述的两个子研究问题,基于社会网络理论、技术创新理论等,构建起“企业家社会网络结构性特征—双元性创新—技术创新绩效”的理论逻辑,并对其进行大样本实证检验,研究发现：①达高性通过利用式创新影响技术创新绩效,但探索式创新的中介效应并不显著；②广泛性正向作用于双元性创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响；③异质性正向作用于探索式创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响,但利用式创新的中介效应并不显著④关系强度正向作用于利用式创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响,但探索式创新的中介效应并不显著。
与已有相关研究成果相比,本研究的创新和发展主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)研究逻辑创新。构建了“企业家社会网络—双元性创新—企业技术创新绩效提升”的理论逻辑。提出①高技术产业转型升级的关键是企业识别创新源及有效的创新活动；②企业技术创新绩效需要建立在双元性创新基础上；③双元性创新需要依赖于企业家社会关系网络中知识、技能等资源的获取。
(2)关键构念创新。在上述逻辑主线中存在三个关键构念：①企业家社会网络作用于技术创新绩效提升的构念；②企业家社会网络作用于探索式和利用式两类双元性创新的构念；③以双元性创新作为中介变量作用于企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效提升之间关系的构念。这三个构念完成了研究逻辑主线的可行性。
(3)研究切入点创新。从“基于创新网络的企业创新”转向“基于企业及企业间关系的社会网络”,从“强调开放式创新为企业提供经济租金”转向“通过企业家这一关键学习代理人的作用”,从“企业家这个关键社会角色”转向“揭示企业家社会网络资源对技术创新绩效作用的微观机理”,是上述三个关键构念实现的切入点。
(4)研究结论创新。本研究得出了一些具有创新意义的结论。其中,值得一提的是,企业家非市场行为—社会网络的达高性对企业技术创新绩效产生了积极影响。此结论不仅回应了相关研究的建议,即企业家政治性社会资源的产出不仅仅局限于企业价值与财务绩效,而且将企业家政治性社会资源产出拓展到了企业技术创新绩效层面,此举一方面丰富了企业家政治战略讨论框架领域的研究,另一方面也从制度视角研究企业家政治性社会资源对企业技术创新的促进作用,为探索技术创新研究提供了一个比较新颖的视角。
During China's economic transition period, high technology private enterprise has been an important part of Chinese national economy and an important growth source of regional economic development. The common consensus was that the private economy has become a key player for the entire industry restructuring and for the transformation of economic development mode. But the achievements of these private enterprises are only obtained through favorable policies and imperfect public service system. It is very difficult to explain that private high-tech enterprises win competitive advantages in the closed innovation mode. Some existing facts show that the high innovation performances of those private enterprises come from the extensive social exchanges and connections between the entrepreneurs and relevant individuals and parties outside the enterprises; hence these enterprises change from their original role as passive value provider to the active value creator. Therefore, the lack of appropriate role of the government departments and other public organizations results in the relative scarce standardized social resources based on the universal trust and social network, which as the result directly limits the rapid development of the high-tech private enterprises and forces the entrepreneurs resort to entrepreneurs non-standard social resources based on special trust and connection network.
Unfortunately, despite a wide concern for the entrepreneurs'social network in China and the emerging research and study for the network success hypothesis theory, the domestic scholars have outlined the characteristics of the entrepreneurs'social network and the outputted competitiveness brought by these characteristics; but these researches rarely focus on the empirical study about the mechanism and role of entrepreneurs'social network influences on technological innovation performance, also there are still some differences on the research regarding the actual effect of entrepreneurs'social network.
This research paper is developed based one some domestic private high technology enterprises furnished with innovation networks with focuses on the issue relating to"How can the entrepreneurs build a proper social network model to improve technological innovation performance"; In order to understand the inner mechanism, based on the theory of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation, this research will specify the intermediate effect of the organizational ambidexterity for the relationships between entrepreneurs'social network and technological innovation performance upgrading and the entrepreneurs are assumed such roles as the natural starting point of the enterprise as well as the main learning agent to realize technological innovation performance upgrading to build a theoretical framework of "entrepreneur social network structure-organizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance"; The research will closely follow the analysis logic of "structur-action-performance" to have progressively analysis for the following four closely logic-interrelated sub-studies:①What is composed of entrepreneurs' social network structure under the perspective of social resources.②What is the entrepreneurs'social network influence on the technological innovation performance?〥oes the organizational ambidexterity has any positive impact on technological innovation performance.④Does the organizational ambidexterity has any intermediate role? For purpose of bring a complete solution to all above issues, this paper will specify the following:
(1) Literature review and theoretical development. Through systematically analysis of existing literatures on Social capital theory, social network theory and technological innovation theory etc and bringing out the theory outlines relating to this study, this paper analyzes and generalizes the connotation of entrepreneurs'social network and points out four structure characteristics including upper reachability, breath of network, universality, heterogeneity and relationship strength and social network and personal network in terms of denotation; The paper also points out that the entrepreneurs'social network is such a relation between the entrepreneurs and members of enterprise external network; All such resources contained in this relations such as knowledge and skills provide the action opportunity for the enterprise to achieve the technological innovation performance.
(2) Exploratory case studies and the proposing of theoretical framework. After interviews with the entrepreneurs of a total of eleven high-tech enterprises, this paper selects4of them to do exploratory case study. Through discussions within and between cases, this paper reveals the influence of enterprise social network characteristics on organizational ambidexterity innovation behavior, the general relationship between the organizational ambidexterity innovation and technological innovation performance and as a result a preliminary research framework for the relationship between the entrepreneurs'social network and technological innovation performance is finally developed, which provides practical ideas for the follow-up related researches.
(3) Theoretical model and empirical research of the relationship between the organizational ambidexterity innovation and technological innovation performance. Based on exploratory case study, we further neatened theoretical literature related to the research framework and established the concept model of the impact of entrepreneurs'social network on technological innovation performance, the function mechanism and the corresponding detailed assumptions of the influences of entrepreneurs'social network on technological innovation performance. And through interviewing with151entrepreneurs by means of questionnaires, descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity test and related multiple regression analysis and other quantitative statistical methods, this paper performs empirical research for the model and hypothesis and finally the relevant theories for the correlation between the between entrepreneurs'social network and enterprise technological innovation performance are obtained.
Through above research work, this paper finally reaches the following conclusions:
(1) The statistical study for the data of151entrepreneurs found that the assumptions of entrepreneurs'social network characteristics and technological innovation performance actually exist; In particular, the entrepreneurs can have scarce resources within the hierarch system through certain connections with the staffs of government departments at all levels for purpose of helping the enterprise obtain higher technological innovation performance; The diversity of the embedded resources of Entrepreneurs'social network resources has positive influence on technological innovation performance and there is an inversed U-shaped relationship between technological innovation performance and the following factors as exchange time and frequency and emotional intensity between the entrepreneurs and network members.
(2) The organizational ambidexterity has a positive impact on technological innovation performance. The positive impact of exploitative innovation shows that the enterprise can further reveal the value of customers of the target market and can utilize based on the theory of leverage the existing enterprise innovation resources and homogeneity knowledge resources outside the organization and hence can achieve corresponding innovation in the existing technology field. The positive impact of exploratory innovation on technological innovation performance also mainly reflects that the enterprise can produce new products through re-integration of non-redundant knowledge, skills and other resources to promote technological innovation performance.
(3) The entrepreneur's social network may have its impact on the technological innovation performance through its impact on organizational ambidexterity. According to the summarization of above two sub-studies and based on the social network theory and technological innovation theory etc, a theoretical logic of "entrepreneur social network structure-organizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance" is finally developed and verified through the use of many evidences; The research shows:①Upper reachability of network can affect technological innovation performance through exploitative Innovation, but with less significant mediating effect of exploratory innovation;②Breath of network has a positive impact on organizational ambidexterity and so positively affects technological innovation performance;③eterogeneity of network has a positive impact on exploratory innovation and hence on the technological innovation performance but with less significant mediating effect of exploitative innovation;④Strength of network tie has a positive impact on exploitative innovation and hence on technological innovation performance but with less significant mediating effect of exploratory innovation.
Compared with the existing research achievements, this research contributes to the innovation and development mainly in the following areas:
(1) Innovation in research logic. A new research logic of "entrepreneur social network structure-rganizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance" is developed in this paper. In detail, we propose①The finding of enterprise innovation source and effective innovation activities are the key for the transformation and upgrading of an high-tech enterprise;②Technological innovation performance should be based on the organizational ambidexterity;③Organizational ambidexterity relies on the access to knowledge, skills and other resources of entrepreneur's social network.
(2) Innovation in key constructs. There are three main concepts for above-mentioned logic constructs:①The concept of the role of entrepreneurs' social network on upgrading of technological innovation performance;②The concept of the role of entrepreneurs' social network on both exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation;③The concept of the role of the mediating effect of organizational ambidexterity on the relations between entrepreneurs' social network and the upgrading of technological innovation performance; All these three concepts provides the feasibility for the research of the main logic structures.
(3) Innovation in access points. The access points to make the above-mentioned three key concepts possible includes a transformation from "Enterprise innovation based on innovation network" to "Social network based on relationship between enterprises", transformation from" Providing economic rent to the enterprise through open innovation "to "The role of entrepreneur as a critical learning agent " and transformation from "The key social role of the entrepreneur " to "The micro mechanism for revealing the role of entrepreneurs' social network resources on technological innovation performance".
(4) Innovation in research conclusions. This paper reaches some innovative conclusions, among which, what is worth mentioning is that the entrepreneurs non-market behavior-upper reachability of the social network has a positive impact on enterprise technological innovation performance. This conclusion not only responds to the suggestions of the related studies that the output of entrepreneur's political social resources is not just limited to the enterprise value and financial performance, but also expands the output of entrepreneurs political social resources to the level of enterprise technological innovation performance, which on the one hand, enrich the research of entrepreneurs political strategic discussion field, on the other hand, research the effect of entrepreneur's political social resources on the promotion of enterprise technological innovation from the perspective of the system, and as the result provides a new angle of view to explore the research related to technological innovation.
遗憾的是,尽管国内已开始关注企业家社会网络问题,同时面对国外“网络成功经验假设”研究的兴起,国内学者也勾勒出了企业家社会网络特征以及给企业带来的竞争力,但对于企业家社会网络影响技术创新绩效的机理与作用情景的实证研究较少关注,并且关于企业家社会网络功效方面的研究结论还存在一定的分歧性。
本研究以创新网络中的我国民营高技术企业为研究样本,围绕“企业家如何构建恰当的社会网络模式来提升技术创新绩效”这一基本问题。为揭示内在作用机理,本研究从探索式创新与利用式创新提出与检验双元性创新对于企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效提升之间关系的中介作用。将企业家作为企业的天然起点以及实现技术创新绩效提升的关键学习代理人,构建起“企业家社会网络结构特征—双元性创新—技术创新绩效”的理论框架,遵循“结构—行为—绩效”的分析逻辑,层层深入地探析了以下四个逻辑紧密相关的子问题：①社会资源视角下企业家社会网络结构特征维度有哪些构成?②企业家社会网络对技术创新绩效有何影响?③双元性创新是否会对技术创新绩效产生积极的影响?④双元性创新是否起到中介作用?为了解决上述问题通过以下部分展开：
(1)文献述评与理论发展。通过社会资本理论、社会网络理论、技术创新理论等领域相关文献进行了综述,梳理出了与本研究框架相关的理论脉络,分析与归纳了企业家社会网络内涵,并认为就结构特征而言包括了达高性、广泛性、异质性以及关系强度等四大方面,就外延而言,包括了社会网络与个人网络两种类型,并指出企业家社会网络是企业家与企业外部网络成员间的关系集合,这个关系集合中所蕴含的知识、技能等资源为企业赢得技术创新绩效提供了行动机会。
(2)探索性案例研究以及理论框架的提出。通过对11家高技术企业的企业家进行了多轮访谈后,选择4家企业进行探索性案例研究,通过对案例内及案例间分析,揭示了企业社会网络特征对双元性创新行为的影响,及双元性创新行为与技术创新绩效的一般关系,初步形成了企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效关系研究框架,为后续相关研究提供源于实践的构想。
(3)企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效关系的理论模型与定量实证检验。在探索性案例研究基础上,对已有相关理论文献进行了更深层次的理论探讨,分别提出企业家社会网络对技术创新绩效关系的影响概念模型、企业家社会网络影响技术创新绩效的作用机制与对应的细化假设。并且通过151位企业家调研问卷,描述性统计分析、因子分析、信度与效度检验、相关以及多元回归分析等定量统计研究方法对模型和假设进行了实证研究,最终得出了企业家社会网络与企业技术创新绩效关系的相关结论。
通过上述的研究工作,本文得出如下结论：
(1)通过对151位企业家数据的统计研究发现企业家社会网络特征与技术创新绩效之间的假设均成立。具体来说,企业家通过与各级各类政府部门等规制机构的工作人员建立联系,获取了等级体制内稀缺资源,有利于企业获取较高的技术创新绩效；企业家从不同身份成员处有效动员的资源数量促进了技术创新绩效的提升；企业家社会关系网络中嵌入性资源的多样性对技术创新绩效存在积极的影响作用；企业家与网络成员之间的交流频率、交流时间以及情感强度与技术创新绩效之间存在倒U型关系。
(2)双元性创新对技术创新绩效存在积极的影响作用。利用式创新的正向影响效果主要说明了,企业能够深入地揭示已有目标市场中客户的价值以及杠杆利用企业已有的创新资源及组织外部的同质性知识、技能等资源,其在已有技术轨道内实现了相应的创新。探索式创新对技术创新绩效正向影响也主要反映了企业通过对非冗余性知识、技能等资源的重新整合产出了新颖的产品,从而提高了企业的技术创新绩效。
(3)企业家社会网络通过影响双元性创新进而作用于技术创新绩效。综合上述的两个子研究问题,基于社会网络理论、技术创新理论等,构建起“企业家社会网络结构性特征—双元性创新—技术创新绩效”的理论逻辑,并对其进行大样本实证检验,研究发现：①达高性通过利用式创新影响技术创新绩效,但探索式创新的中介效应并不显著；②广泛性正向作用于双元性创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响；③异质性正向作用于探索式创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响,但利用式创新的中介效应并不显著④关系强度正向作用于利用式创新进而对技术创新绩效有积极的影响,但探索式创新的中介效应并不显著。
与已有相关研究成果相比,本研究的创新和发展主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)研究逻辑创新。构建了“企业家社会网络—双元性创新—企业技术创新绩效提升”的理论逻辑。提出①高技术产业转型升级的关键是企业识别创新源及有效的创新活动；②企业技术创新绩效需要建立在双元性创新基础上；③双元性创新需要依赖于企业家社会关系网络中知识、技能等资源的获取。
(2)关键构念创新。在上述逻辑主线中存在三个关键构念：①企业家社会网络作用于技术创新绩效提升的构念；②企业家社会网络作用于探索式和利用式两类双元性创新的构念；③以双元性创新作为中介变量作用于企业家社会网络与技术创新绩效提升之间关系的构念。这三个构念完成了研究逻辑主线的可行性。
(3)研究切入点创新。从“基于创新网络的企业创新”转向“基于企业及企业间关系的社会网络”,从“强调开放式创新为企业提供经济租金”转向“通过企业家这一关键学习代理人的作用”,从“企业家这个关键社会角色”转向“揭示企业家社会网络资源对技术创新绩效作用的微观机理”,是上述三个关键构念实现的切入点。
(4)研究结论创新。本研究得出了一些具有创新意义的结论。其中,值得一提的是,企业家非市场行为—社会网络的达高性对企业技术创新绩效产生了积极影响。此结论不仅回应了相关研究的建议,即企业家政治性社会资源的产出不仅仅局限于企业价值与财务绩效,而且将企业家政治性社会资源产出拓展到了企业技术创新绩效层面,此举一方面丰富了企业家政治战略讨论框架领域的研究,另一方面也从制度视角研究企业家政治性社会资源对企业技术创新的促进作用,为探索技术创新研究提供了一个比较新颖的视角。
During China's economic transition period, high technology private enterprise has been an important part of Chinese national economy and an important growth source of regional economic development. The common consensus was that the private economy has become a key player for the entire industry restructuring and for the transformation of economic development mode. But the achievements of these private enterprises are only obtained through favorable policies and imperfect public service system. It is very difficult to explain that private high-tech enterprises win competitive advantages in the closed innovation mode. Some existing facts show that the high innovation performances of those private enterprises come from the extensive social exchanges and connections between the entrepreneurs and relevant individuals and parties outside the enterprises; hence these enterprises change from their original role as passive value provider to the active value creator. Therefore, the lack of appropriate role of the government departments and other public organizations results in the relative scarce standardized social resources based on the universal trust and social network, which as the result directly limits the rapid development of the high-tech private enterprises and forces the entrepreneurs resort to entrepreneurs non-standard social resources based on special trust and connection network.
Unfortunately, despite a wide concern for the entrepreneurs'social network in China and the emerging research and study for the network success hypothesis theory, the domestic scholars have outlined the characteristics of the entrepreneurs'social network and the outputted competitiveness brought by these characteristics; but these researches rarely focus on the empirical study about the mechanism and role of entrepreneurs'social network influences on technological innovation performance, also there are still some differences on the research regarding the actual effect of entrepreneurs'social network.
This research paper is developed based one some domestic private high technology enterprises furnished with innovation networks with focuses on the issue relating to"How can the entrepreneurs build a proper social network model to improve technological innovation performance"; In order to understand the inner mechanism, based on the theory of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation, this research will specify the intermediate effect of the organizational ambidexterity for the relationships between entrepreneurs'social network and technological innovation performance upgrading and the entrepreneurs are assumed such roles as the natural starting point of the enterprise as well as the main learning agent to realize technological innovation performance upgrading to build a theoretical framework of "entrepreneur social network structure-organizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance"; The research will closely follow the analysis logic of "structur-action-performance" to have progressively analysis for the following four closely logic-interrelated sub-studies:①What is composed of entrepreneurs' social network structure under the perspective of social resources.②What is the entrepreneurs'social network influence on the technological innovation performance?〥oes the organizational ambidexterity has any positive impact on technological innovation performance.④Does the organizational ambidexterity has any intermediate role? For purpose of bring a complete solution to all above issues, this paper will specify the following:
(1) Literature review and theoretical development. Through systematically analysis of existing literatures on Social capital theory, social network theory and technological innovation theory etc and bringing out the theory outlines relating to this study, this paper analyzes and generalizes the connotation of entrepreneurs'social network and points out four structure characteristics including upper reachability, breath of network, universality, heterogeneity and relationship strength and social network and personal network in terms of denotation; The paper also points out that the entrepreneurs'social network is such a relation between the entrepreneurs and members of enterprise external network; All such resources contained in this relations such as knowledge and skills provide the action opportunity for the enterprise to achieve the technological innovation performance.
(2) Exploratory case studies and the proposing of theoretical framework. After interviews with the entrepreneurs of a total of eleven high-tech enterprises, this paper selects4of them to do exploratory case study. Through discussions within and between cases, this paper reveals the influence of enterprise social network characteristics on organizational ambidexterity innovation behavior, the general relationship between the organizational ambidexterity innovation and technological innovation performance and as a result a preliminary research framework for the relationship between the entrepreneurs'social network and technological innovation performance is finally developed, which provides practical ideas for the follow-up related researches.
(3) Theoretical model and empirical research of the relationship between the organizational ambidexterity innovation and technological innovation performance. Based on exploratory case study, we further neatened theoretical literature related to the research framework and established the concept model of the impact of entrepreneurs'social network on technological innovation performance, the function mechanism and the corresponding detailed assumptions of the influences of entrepreneurs'social network on technological innovation performance. And through interviewing with151entrepreneurs by means of questionnaires, descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity test and related multiple regression analysis and other quantitative statistical methods, this paper performs empirical research for the model and hypothesis and finally the relevant theories for the correlation between the between entrepreneurs'social network and enterprise technological innovation performance are obtained.
Through above research work, this paper finally reaches the following conclusions:
(1) The statistical study for the data of151entrepreneurs found that the assumptions of entrepreneurs'social network characteristics and technological innovation performance actually exist; In particular, the entrepreneurs can have scarce resources within the hierarch system through certain connections with the staffs of government departments at all levels for purpose of helping the enterprise obtain higher technological innovation performance; The diversity of the embedded resources of Entrepreneurs'social network resources has positive influence on technological innovation performance and there is an inversed U-shaped relationship between technological innovation performance and the following factors as exchange time and frequency and emotional intensity between the entrepreneurs and network members.
(2) The organizational ambidexterity has a positive impact on technological innovation performance. The positive impact of exploitative innovation shows that the enterprise can further reveal the value of customers of the target market and can utilize based on the theory of leverage the existing enterprise innovation resources and homogeneity knowledge resources outside the organization and hence can achieve corresponding innovation in the existing technology field. The positive impact of exploratory innovation on technological innovation performance also mainly reflects that the enterprise can produce new products through re-integration of non-redundant knowledge, skills and other resources to promote technological innovation performance.
(3) The entrepreneur's social network may have its impact on the technological innovation performance through its impact on organizational ambidexterity. According to the summarization of above two sub-studies and based on the social network theory and technological innovation theory etc, a theoretical logic of "entrepreneur social network structure-organizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance" is finally developed and verified through the use of many evidences; The research shows:①Upper reachability of network can affect technological innovation performance through exploitative Innovation, but with less significant mediating effect of exploratory innovation;②Breath of network has a positive impact on organizational ambidexterity and so positively affects technological innovation performance;③eterogeneity of network has a positive impact on exploratory innovation and hence on the technological innovation performance but with less significant mediating effect of exploitative innovation;④Strength of network tie has a positive impact on exploitative innovation and hence on technological innovation performance but with less significant mediating effect of exploratory innovation.
Compared with the existing research achievements, this research contributes to the innovation and development mainly in the following areas:
(1) Innovation in research logic. A new research logic of "entrepreneur social network structure-rganizational ambidexterity-technological innovation performance" is developed in this paper. In detail, we propose①The finding of enterprise innovation source and effective innovation activities are the key for the transformation and upgrading of an high-tech enterprise;②Technological innovation performance should be based on the organizational ambidexterity;③Organizational ambidexterity relies on the access to knowledge, skills and other resources of entrepreneur's social network.
(2) Innovation in key constructs. There are three main concepts for above-mentioned logic constructs:①The concept of the role of entrepreneurs' social network on upgrading of technological innovation performance;②The concept of the role of entrepreneurs' social network on both exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation;③The concept of the role of the mediating effect of organizational ambidexterity on the relations between entrepreneurs' social network and the upgrading of technological innovation performance; All these three concepts provides the feasibility for the research of the main logic structures.
(3) Innovation in access points. The access points to make the above-mentioned three key concepts possible includes a transformation from "Enterprise innovation based on innovation network" to "Social network based on relationship between enterprises", transformation from" Providing economic rent to the enterprise through open innovation "to "The role of entrepreneur as a critical learning agent " and transformation from "The key social role of the entrepreneur " to "The micro mechanism for revealing the role of entrepreneurs' social network resources on technological innovation performance".
(4) Innovation in research conclusions. This paper reaches some innovative conclusions, among which, what is worth mentioning is that the entrepreneurs non-market behavior-upper reachability of the social network has a positive impact on enterprise technological innovation performance. This conclusion not only responds to the suggestions of the related studies that the output of entrepreneur's political social resources is not just limited to the enterprise value and financial performance, but also expands the output of entrepreneurs political social resources to the level of enterprise technological innovation performance, which on the one hand, enrich the research of entrepreneurs political strategic discussion field, on the other hand, research the effect of entrepreneur's political social resources on the promotion of enterprise technological innovation from the perspective of the system, and as the result provides a new angle of view to explore the research related to technological innovation.
引文
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