金属矿地震数据采集与处理技术研究
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摘要
资源与环境问题是21世纪人类社会面临的首要问题,实现资源的可持续发展是地球科学家的首要任务。在目前浅部资源接近枯竭的情况下,向地球深部要资源已成为资源勘查的必然趋势,而向地球深部要资源必需解决方法技术问题。传统的金属矿勘查技术不能满足深部资源勘查的要求。重、磁勘探方法垂向分辨率很低,且位场强度随距离的平方成反比衰减,在探测深部金属矿体方面存在严重缺陷,直流电法勘探深度太浅,电磁法在深部的分辨率通常又很低。因此,发展500米至2000米的大探测深度的地球物理技术是我国未来矿产资源勘查技术发展的重点,而地震方法能够解决500至2000米深度范围内勘探中的地质问题。
论文针对大深度高密点金属矿地震勘探技术,主要完成工作有:
1.首先简要介绍了金属矿地震勘探的研究现状,高密度地震采集技术的最新发展动态,并对应用于金属矿产的主要地震勘探方法技术的原理及应用范围进行了论述。
2.基于勘探深度达2000米,矿体规模不小于50米这个地质问题,对地震波的激发、野外观测系统设计等方面进行了研究,提出了比较可行的方案。并对几个矿体模型进行了全波场正演计算,并对所得的正演数据进行了成像研究。
3.结合全国危机矿山接替资源找矿项目《金属矿地震方法试验》中“罗河-大鲍庄金属矿地震勘探”进行了金属矿地震数据处理技术研究,通过分析原始资料,针对处理难点采用相应的处理措施,形成了一套切实可行的处理流程。针对金属矿地震勘探中的主要干扰波采用小波变换、Radon变换、径向道变换、曲波变换等处理技术进行了特殊处理,并对模型数据或实际数据进行了试算,取得了很好的效果。
4.对散射波和反射波的关系进行了分析,对含有散射体的多个模型进行了全波场正演计算,用自己编写的基于等效偏移距的叠前偏移程序进行了散射波成像,得到了很好的效果,找到了处理散射波地震数据的正确途径。
5.结合本人承担的物化探研究所基本科研业务费专项资金项目《大深度高密点金属矿地震方法技术试验研究》,采用最新引进的428XL地震数据采集系统,在内蒙古自治区化德县达盖滩铅锌矿上进行了方法技术实验,通过观测系统的优化,使得更有利于采集反射波和散射波;并得到清晰的初至波,有利于进行层析成像反演。通过各种处理技术对采集的原始数据进行了处理,取得了一定的效果。
Resources and environmental issues are chief problems in the 21st century. Resource sustainable development has always been the primary task for earth scientists. With shallow resources getting exhausted, development of deep resources has become an inevitable trend of resource exploration. Exploration methods and techniques are challenges that deep resource development must face, while traditional metal ore prospecting techniques can not meet requirements of the deep mineral exploration. Gravity and magnetic exploration methods have critical limitations in detecting deep metal ores, due to the low vertical resolution and fact that the potential field strength attenuation is in inverse proportion to distance square. Nor is DC electrical prospecting method suitable, owing to shallow detection depth. Electromagnetic exploration method is also limited because of its low vertical resolution in deep areas. Consequently, the development of geophysical technology for wide investigation depth range from 500m to 2000m will be the focus of future mineral resource exploration. Seismic exploration method can be used to solve geological exploration issues in the depth range of 500-2000m.
Aiming at seismic exploration technique with great depth and density points for metal mine, this paper expounds the following:
1. Brief introduction on present research situation of metal mine seismic exploration, as well as recent development trends of seismic acquisition technology with high density; Systematic discussion on principles and applications of seismic exploration methods and techniques for metal mine.
2.Based on exploration with depth up to 2000m and ore scale not less than 50m, generation of seismic wave and design of field geometry system have been studied, and feasible schemes have been provided. Full-wave modeling has been conducted for several ore-body models, with imaging study on forward data.
3. Aiming at the subproject“Seismic Method Test for Metal Mine”of the national program“Alternative Resources Exploration in Crisis Mines”, metal mine seismic data processing techniques have been investigated based on“Metal Mine Seismic Exploration in Luohe-Dabaozhuang Region”. A set of practical processing procedure has been formed through analyzing the real data and adopting corresponding measures based on different issues. Specific processing techniques, such as wavelet transform, Radon transform, radial trace transform and curverlet transform, etc. have been applied to eliminate main interference waves in metal mine survey. Relative programs have been written and trial calculations have been conducted on model data and actual data, obtaining very good effects.
4. Relationship between scatter wave and reflection wave has been analyzed, and full-wave forward calculations have been conducted on several models containing scatterer. Scattered imaging has been done with the self-developed pre-stack migration programs based on equivalent offset, achieving better results, so that the correct way of processing seismic scatter wave data has been found.
5. Based on my special fund project“Study on Seismic Exploration Technique with Great Depth and Density Points for Metal Mine”, the newly introduced 428XL seismic data acquisition system was applied to conduct experiment of methods and techniques at Da-gai-tan lead-zinc mine in Huade country of Inner Mongolia. Through optimization of the observing systems, acquisition of reflection wave and scatter wave has better effects and clearer first break wave can be obtained, which is favorable for accurate inversion on seismic tomography. Different processing techniques have been applied to treat real data with predetermined results.
论文针对大深度高密点金属矿地震勘探技术,主要完成工作有:
1.首先简要介绍了金属矿地震勘探的研究现状,高密度地震采集技术的最新发展动态,并对应用于金属矿产的主要地震勘探方法技术的原理及应用范围进行了论述。
2.基于勘探深度达2000米,矿体规模不小于50米这个地质问题,对地震波的激发、野外观测系统设计等方面进行了研究,提出了比较可行的方案。并对几个矿体模型进行了全波场正演计算,并对所得的正演数据进行了成像研究。
3.结合全国危机矿山接替资源找矿项目《金属矿地震方法试验》中“罗河-大鲍庄金属矿地震勘探”进行了金属矿地震数据处理技术研究,通过分析原始资料,针对处理难点采用相应的处理措施,形成了一套切实可行的处理流程。针对金属矿地震勘探中的主要干扰波采用小波变换、Radon变换、径向道变换、曲波变换等处理技术进行了特殊处理,并对模型数据或实际数据进行了试算,取得了很好的效果。
4.对散射波和反射波的关系进行了分析,对含有散射体的多个模型进行了全波场正演计算,用自己编写的基于等效偏移距的叠前偏移程序进行了散射波成像,得到了很好的效果,找到了处理散射波地震数据的正确途径。
5.结合本人承担的物化探研究所基本科研业务费专项资金项目《大深度高密点金属矿地震方法技术试验研究》,采用最新引进的428XL地震数据采集系统,在内蒙古自治区化德县达盖滩铅锌矿上进行了方法技术实验,通过观测系统的优化,使得更有利于采集反射波和散射波;并得到清晰的初至波,有利于进行层析成像反演。通过各种处理技术对采集的原始数据进行了处理,取得了一定的效果。
Resources and environmental issues are chief problems in the 21st century. Resource sustainable development has always been the primary task for earth scientists. With shallow resources getting exhausted, development of deep resources has become an inevitable trend of resource exploration. Exploration methods and techniques are challenges that deep resource development must face, while traditional metal ore prospecting techniques can not meet requirements of the deep mineral exploration. Gravity and magnetic exploration methods have critical limitations in detecting deep metal ores, due to the low vertical resolution and fact that the potential field strength attenuation is in inverse proportion to distance square. Nor is DC electrical prospecting method suitable, owing to shallow detection depth. Electromagnetic exploration method is also limited because of its low vertical resolution in deep areas. Consequently, the development of geophysical technology for wide investigation depth range from 500m to 2000m will be the focus of future mineral resource exploration. Seismic exploration method can be used to solve geological exploration issues in the depth range of 500-2000m.
Aiming at seismic exploration technique with great depth and density points for metal mine, this paper expounds the following:
1. Brief introduction on present research situation of metal mine seismic exploration, as well as recent development trends of seismic acquisition technology with high density; Systematic discussion on principles and applications of seismic exploration methods and techniques for metal mine.
2.Based on exploration with depth up to 2000m and ore scale not less than 50m, generation of seismic wave and design of field geometry system have been studied, and feasible schemes have been provided. Full-wave modeling has been conducted for several ore-body models, with imaging study on forward data.
3. Aiming at the subproject“Seismic Method Test for Metal Mine”of the national program“Alternative Resources Exploration in Crisis Mines”, metal mine seismic data processing techniques have been investigated based on“Metal Mine Seismic Exploration in Luohe-Dabaozhuang Region”. A set of practical processing procedure has been formed through analyzing the real data and adopting corresponding measures based on different issues. Specific processing techniques, such as wavelet transform, Radon transform, radial trace transform and curverlet transform, etc. have been applied to eliminate main interference waves in metal mine survey. Relative programs have been written and trial calculations have been conducted on model data and actual data, obtaining very good effects.
4. Relationship between scatter wave and reflection wave has been analyzed, and full-wave forward calculations have been conducted on several models containing scatterer. Scattered imaging has been done with the self-developed pre-stack migration programs based on equivalent offset, achieving better results, so that the correct way of processing seismic scatter wave data has been found.
5. Based on my special fund project“Study on Seismic Exploration Technique with Great Depth and Density Points for Metal Mine”, the newly introduced 428XL seismic data acquisition system was applied to conduct experiment of methods and techniques at Da-gai-tan lead-zinc mine in Huade country of Inner Mongolia. Through optimization of the observing systems, acquisition of reflection wave and scatter wave has better effects and clearer first break wave can be obtained, which is favorable for accurate inversion on seismic tomography. Different processing techniques have been applied to treat real data with predetermined results.
引文
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