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煤炭行业循环经济发展模式及应用研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国的主要能源,煤炭行业是我国重要基础产业,在我国国民经济中发挥着极其重要的作用。发展循环经济是煤炭行业贯彻落实科学发展观的具体实践、转变经济发展方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择。
     本研究以煤炭行业循环经济发展模式为研究对象,在总结国内外相关研究成果的基础上,综合运用清洁生产、生态工业园、产业生态学、循环经济及可持续发展理论,应用文献检索、实地调研和系统思考等方法,根据循环经济的基本原理,基于产业生态学和价值创新视角对煤炭行业循环经济发展模式进行了深入探讨和系统分析。
     基于产业生态学视角,煤炭行业循环经济发展模式,是矿区产业生态系统在自然、经济和社会因素的共同作用下,在绿色生产力成为社会发展的主要推动力的前提下形成的。煤炭行业循环经济的发展模式也是具有煤炭行业特色的产业共生网络所呈现的共生组合方式。本研究从共生单元、角色界定、地位界定、连接方式和组织形式等五个方面,对矿区产业的共生组合方式进行了系统分析。
     基于价值创新视角,煤炭行业循环经济发展模式突破了传统发展的客户边界、需求边界、行业边界和产业链边界,将利益相关者如矿区居民、政府等纳入客户范畴,以经济、社会和生态效益共赢及综合价值最高为目的,突破了煤炭行业的边界,按照资源充分开发、能量梯级利用、污染排放最低的要求,突破了产业链边界,形成全社会的共赢循环。
     为系统评价煤炭行业循环经济发展模式及其有效性,本研究利用层次分析法构建了煤炭行业循环经济发展模式评价指标体系,在专家打分的基础上,得出各指标的相对权重,并对新汶矿区、淮南潘谢矿区和铁煤集团矿区进行了评价。结果表明新汶矿区处于循环经济发展的高级阶段,淮南潘谢和铁煤集团矿区处于中级水平。
     最后采用系统动力学方法,对铁煤集团矿区循环经济发展模式进行模拟仿真,通过改变影响矿区生产经营的敏感参数,选定四种情景模拟参数改变对矿区环境、经济和社会发展的影响。研究结论:参数变化对耕地面积、资源可采储量、水资源和废气总量等参数有明显影响;在满足矿区经济增长前提下,采用科学开采方式和规划方法,可延缓耕地、水资源和可采储量的减少,降低废气总量,提高矿区GDP。模拟仿真结果为铁煤集团发展循环经济指明了方向,有利于该矿区循环经济发展模式的构建。
The coal industry is one of the fundamental industries in China, and plays animportant role in China’s GDP. Developing cyclic economy is the implementation ofthe scientific outlook on developmentin the cola industry, the sole choice whendiverting its economic development mode, and the inevitable trend of sustainabledevelopment.
     With the cyclic economy’s development mode of the coal industry as theresearch target, based on the summary of concerned research achievements in Chinaand abroad, this research employs theories of clean production, eco-industry parks,industrial ecology, cyclic economy and sustainable development. Throughinformation retrieval, field visits and systematic thoughts, according to basic theoriesof the cyclic economy, the research carries out in-depth discussions and systematicanalysis into the development of the cyclic economy in the coal industry from the newperspectives of industrial ecology and value creation.
     From the perspective of industrial ecology, the development mode of the coalindustry’s cyclic economy is the formation of ecological system of the mining areaunder the co-effect of natural, economic and social factors, with the greenproductivity as theimpetus of the social development. The development mode of thecoal industry’s cyclic economy is a combination with its own characteristic ofco-existing. The research takes a systematic analysis into the co-existing combinationof the coal industry from the unit, roles definition, locations definition, connectingmethods and organization methods, and obtains the development mode system of thefive factors.
     From the perspective of value creation, the cyclic economic development modeof the coal industry breaks the traditional boundaries of customers, demands,industries and industrial chains. It includes stakeholders such as residents in themining area and the government as customers; breaks the boundary of the coalindustry, taking the tri-win situation of economic, social and ecological effects as wellas the whole value as the priority; and breaks the boundary of industrial chain,arriving at a win-win cycle in the whole society, meeting the demands of fulldevelopment of resources, laddering usage of the energy and minimum discharge ofthe pollution.
     In order to evaluate the cyclic economic development mode and its effectivenessin the coal industry, this research employs analytic hierarchy process to build up theevaluation index system of the cyclic economic development in the industry. Basedon the marks given by experts, it obtains relative weight of all parameters, anddelivered evaluation to Xinwen Mining area, Huannan Panxin Mining area, and TiefaMining area. The results have shown that Xinwen mining area is at an advanced stageof cyclic economic development, whilethe other two remain at the medium stage.
     In the end, the system dynamics is employed to carry out simulation on thecyclic economic development mode in Tiefa Mining area. By changing the parametersthat affect the mining area, it chose four simulation parameters to change the impactstowards the environment, economy and the society of the mining area. The conclusion of the research: changes of parameters have obvious impacts to the farmlands, therecoverable reserves, water resources and the total volume of exhaust gas. It is, withscientific mining and planning, possible to slow the reduction of the farmland, waterresources and the recoverable reserves, lower the total volume of exhausted gas, andraise the mining area’s GDP, while maintain the economic increase of the mining area.The simulation results point out the development direction of cyclic economy of thecoal industry, and is benefit to the building of cyclic economic development mode ofthe mining area.
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