基于生态足迹方法的中国森林碳汇效益研究
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摘要
森林作为一种重要的可再生资源,是整个陆地生态系统的主体,在全球生态系统中发挥着举足轻重的作用。它不仅能够产生巨大的直接经济效益,也具有更加巨大的生态服务价值。从1997年以来,森林服务价值的评估成为森林生态和林业经济研究的热点之一。在评价森林多种效益的诸多方法中,价值尺度是其中重要的方法之一。但由于经济评价方法带有很大的主观性,很多间接效益不能进入市场,价值尺度的评价差异较大,难以取得一致认可。
在诸多森林生态效益中,森林的碳汇效益是最重要的效益之一,本文将以土地为尺度评价可持续发展程度的生态足迹方法引入到度量森林碳汇效益中来,在充分利用前人研究成果的基础上,对我国省级层面的化石能源的碳足迹及其生态占用、森林碳汇等进行了实际测算,基于测算的生态盈余与赤字建立化石能源的碳源与森林碳汇之间的交易市场。这一研究不仅拓展了目前森林碳汇研究的方法,也对构建我国碳汇交易市场提供了借鉴与参考。
论文在系统整理前人研究的基础上,对森林提供化石能源用地的效益进行了系统分析与研究。在理论方面,本文对生态足迹方法进行了改进,将森林碳汇效益作为-种生态承载能力纳入其中进行测算。在实践层面上,按照方精云等人的研究成果,以陆地植被吸收30%的CO：作为计算基础,计算了中国各省级区域的化石能源消耗和森林碳汇、提供化石能源碳排放用地的结果,通过研究得到以下结论：第一,我国化石能源在总能源消耗中所占比重较高,各省区化石能源消耗量差异显著；第二,我国森林面积和森林覆盖率持续增长,森林蓄积和生物量需要进一步提高；第三,化石能源占用在六项生态土地占用中是最严重的,是生态足迹中最关键的部分。森林则是陆地植被中碳汇能力最强的,生态承载力占所有植被的近90%；第四,仅考虑化石能源碳排放的情况下,全国的人均化石能源生态占用与供给基本平衡,但各省区人均化石能源生态足迹差异显著；第五,中国的社会发展与化石能源消耗、森林资源的分布区域之间存在一定差异；第六,森林具有较高的碳汇价值,化石能源足迹研究对碳交易市场建设具有积极贡献。
本论文研究的内容,从理论L具有创新性,将森林生态价值中的碳汇效益作为重要的生态承载力加入到生态足迹方法中,有利于从更加科学的角度观察社会经济发展与生态环境之间的关系,有利于在实践中进行科学规划。同时对于认识森林的碳汇效益,提高林业的地位具有十分重要的积极意义。
Forest plays a considerably important role in the global ecosystem which constitutes the main part of terrestrial ecosystem. As an important renewable resource, forest brings us tremendous direct economic benefits, while creating even greater ecological service value. Since1997, the assessment of forest's ecological service value has been one of the hotspot issues in the fields of both forest ecology and forestry economics. Among the numerous tools for assessing forest's various benefits, the value-scale method is a crucial one. Due to the fact that value-scale method is very subjective, many indirect values can not be counted into the market, as well as the caused divergent assessing results, the value-scale method is not widely accepted.
The carbon sink benefit is one of the most important benefits among forest's many ecological benefits. In this study, the author will apply the ecological footprint method into the assessment of the forest's carbon sink benefit which allows us to assess the land with the criterion of the land's sustainable development. Based on the previous research results in this field, this study will calculate the carbon footprints of the fossil energy in different provinces as well as their ecological occupation and forest carbon sink, which will help build the market between fossil energy and forest carbon sink on basis of the evaluated ecological surplus or deficit. Not only does this study explore the ways of researching on current forest carbon sink, but also provides a reference for the construction of China's carbon sink market.
On the basis of previous researches, this paper conducts a systematic analysis and research on forest's benefits of providing fossil energy. Theoretically, this paper improves the ecological footprint method. It takes forest's carbon sink benefit as its ecological carrying capacity. Realistically, this research calculates the fossil energy consumption, forest carbon sink and carbon emission land for fossil energy in different provinces based on Jingyun Fang's achievement, that is, calculated with30%of the total carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation. Some conclusions can be drawn:first, in China, fossil energy takes a high proportion in total energy consumption, and there are huge differences of fossil energy consumption among provinces. Second, as forest area and forest coverage in China are constantly growing, forest accumulation and biomass need to be increased as well. Third, among all six ecological land occupations, fossil energy occupation is the most serious one, also the crucial part of ecological footprint. And among the terrestrial vegetation, forest has the strongest carbon sink capacity of all, which carries90%of the ecological capacity of all the vegetation. Fourth, taking only the carbon emissions of fossil energy into consideration, the average fossil energy occupation and supply are kept in balance over the country, but among provinces the average fossil energy ecological footprints differ from each other. Fifth, social development varies in areas with different distribution of fossil energy consumption and forest resources. Sixth, forest has a high value of carbon sink, and the study on fossil energy footprint contributes to the development of carbon market.
Above all, this dissertation is theoretically creative, which takes forest carbon sink benefit as an important ecological capacity when evaluating forest's ecological value. By adopting the ecological footprint method, the relationship between social economic development and eco-environment is better understood from a scientific perspective, and a more reasonable plan could be make in practice. Moreover, it has great significance in understanding forest carbon sink benefits, thus improving the status of forestry.
在诸多森林生态效益中,森林的碳汇效益是最重要的效益之一,本文将以土地为尺度评价可持续发展程度的生态足迹方法引入到度量森林碳汇效益中来,在充分利用前人研究成果的基础上,对我国省级层面的化石能源的碳足迹及其生态占用、森林碳汇等进行了实际测算,基于测算的生态盈余与赤字建立化石能源的碳源与森林碳汇之间的交易市场。这一研究不仅拓展了目前森林碳汇研究的方法,也对构建我国碳汇交易市场提供了借鉴与参考。
论文在系统整理前人研究的基础上,对森林提供化石能源用地的效益进行了系统分析与研究。在理论方面,本文对生态足迹方法进行了改进,将森林碳汇效益作为-种生态承载能力纳入其中进行测算。在实践层面上,按照方精云等人的研究成果,以陆地植被吸收30%的CO：作为计算基础,计算了中国各省级区域的化石能源消耗和森林碳汇、提供化石能源碳排放用地的结果,通过研究得到以下结论：第一,我国化石能源在总能源消耗中所占比重较高,各省区化石能源消耗量差异显著；第二,我国森林面积和森林覆盖率持续增长,森林蓄积和生物量需要进一步提高；第三,化石能源占用在六项生态土地占用中是最严重的,是生态足迹中最关键的部分。森林则是陆地植被中碳汇能力最强的,生态承载力占所有植被的近90%；第四,仅考虑化石能源碳排放的情况下,全国的人均化石能源生态占用与供给基本平衡,但各省区人均化石能源生态足迹差异显著；第五,中国的社会发展与化石能源消耗、森林资源的分布区域之间存在一定差异；第六,森林具有较高的碳汇价值,化石能源足迹研究对碳交易市场建设具有积极贡献。
本论文研究的内容,从理论L具有创新性,将森林生态价值中的碳汇效益作为重要的生态承载力加入到生态足迹方法中,有利于从更加科学的角度观察社会经济发展与生态环境之间的关系,有利于在实践中进行科学规划。同时对于认识森林的碳汇效益,提高林业的地位具有十分重要的积极意义。
Forest plays a considerably important role in the global ecosystem which constitutes the main part of terrestrial ecosystem. As an important renewable resource, forest brings us tremendous direct economic benefits, while creating even greater ecological service value. Since1997, the assessment of forest's ecological service value has been one of the hotspot issues in the fields of both forest ecology and forestry economics. Among the numerous tools for assessing forest's various benefits, the value-scale method is a crucial one. Due to the fact that value-scale method is very subjective, many indirect values can not be counted into the market, as well as the caused divergent assessing results, the value-scale method is not widely accepted.
The carbon sink benefit is one of the most important benefits among forest's many ecological benefits. In this study, the author will apply the ecological footprint method into the assessment of the forest's carbon sink benefit which allows us to assess the land with the criterion of the land's sustainable development. Based on the previous research results in this field, this study will calculate the carbon footprints of the fossil energy in different provinces as well as their ecological occupation and forest carbon sink, which will help build the market between fossil energy and forest carbon sink on basis of the evaluated ecological surplus or deficit. Not only does this study explore the ways of researching on current forest carbon sink, but also provides a reference for the construction of China's carbon sink market.
On the basis of previous researches, this paper conducts a systematic analysis and research on forest's benefits of providing fossil energy. Theoretically, this paper improves the ecological footprint method. It takes forest's carbon sink benefit as its ecological carrying capacity. Realistically, this research calculates the fossil energy consumption, forest carbon sink and carbon emission land for fossil energy in different provinces based on Jingyun Fang's achievement, that is, calculated with30%of the total carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation. Some conclusions can be drawn:first, in China, fossil energy takes a high proportion in total energy consumption, and there are huge differences of fossil energy consumption among provinces. Second, as forest area and forest coverage in China are constantly growing, forest accumulation and biomass need to be increased as well. Third, among all six ecological land occupations, fossil energy occupation is the most serious one, also the crucial part of ecological footprint. And among the terrestrial vegetation, forest has the strongest carbon sink capacity of all, which carries90%of the ecological capacity of all the vegetation. Fourth, taking only the carbon emissions of fossil energy into consideration, the average fossil energy occupation and supply are kept in balance over the country, but among provinces the average fossil energy ecological footprints differ from each other. Fifth, social development varies in areas with different distribution of fossil energy consumption and forest resources. Sixth, forest has a high value of carbon sink, and the study on fossil energy footprint contributes to the development of carbon market.
Above all, this dissertation is theoretically creative, which takes forest carbon sink benefit as an important ecological capacity when evaluating forest's ecological value. By adopting the ecological footprint method, the relationship between social economic development and eco-environment is better understood from a scientific perspective, and a more reasonable plan could be make in practice. Moreover, it has great significance in understanding forest carbon sink benefits, thus improving the status of forestry.
引文
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