桑黄菌的物理诱变与发酵研究
|
摘要
为了进一步开发利用桑黄菌这一中药资源,对桑黄菌生物学特性、成分、药理作用等研究现状进行了综述。在资料分析及现有研究的基础上,本课题对桑黄菌的发酵菌株选育、发酵、多糖提取和多糖活性进行了研究。
桑黄菌培养生长较慢,不易诱导出分生孢子,只能从菌丝中分离原生质体。原生质体分离及再生适宜的条件为:菌龄为10d的菌丝,以甘露醇作为分离和再生渗透压稳定剂,用1.5%溶壁酶+0.5%崩溃酶的组合酶系酶解,酶解温度为30℃,酶解时间为3h,用改良PDA再生培养基进行再生。
四种诱变方式中激光(LA)诱变与激光-紫外线(LA-UV)复合诱变后筛选的变异菌株平均发酵产量分别为11.57+1.86mg/mL和8.52±1.52mg/mL,表现较好;近一步比较发现LA诱变与LA-UV复合诱变的正变异率分别为6.08%和5.52%,LA-UV复合诱变后菌株变异幅度较大,增产潜力较大,在筛选量较大时使用较好。
通过原生质体紫外线诱变,选出生长较快的变异菌株S2。以S2的原生质体进行LA-UV复合诱变,经5代筛选,选出5株变异菌株,5株变异株遗传稳定性较好,与出发菌株均产生拮抗作用,酯酶与过氧化物酶的同功酶电泳图谱与出发菌株比较发生了变化。
建立了桑黄菌胞内与胞外多糖发酵产量检测方法,检测了选出菌株的发酵产量,多糖发酵产量最高的菌株为SJZ2,比出发菌株增产36.88%。
筛选并优化了SJZ2的发酵培养基。发现,最好的碳源为小麦粉,最好的氮源为米糠。优化培养基组成为:小麦粉5.16%、米糠1.38%、磷酸二氢钾0.094%、硫酸镁0.054%。在试验范围内,影响菌丝发酵产量的顺序为:米糠含量＞小麦粉含量＞磷酸二氢钾含量＞硫酸镁含量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
对影响摇瓶发酵产量的单因素进行了试验,在此基础上对发酵工艺进行了优化,优化后的发酵条件是:装瓶量120mL/250mL、接种量17mL、温度26℃、转速135r/min。在试验范围内,影响SJZ2菌丝发酵产量的顺序为:温度＞接种量＞转速＞装瓶量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
研究了摇瓶发酵过程中菌丝产量、发酵液中可溶性蛋白含量、多糖含量、粘度、LiP的活性、MnP的活性、Lac的活性、纤维素酶对羧甲基纤维素的活性和纤维素酶对滤纸的活性动态变化,并测出LiP、MnP、Lac的米氏常数和最大反应速度。
在摇瓶发酵的基础上进行了发酵罐发酵试验。试验最佳发酵条件为:装罐量70%、接种量10%、搅拌速度180r/min、温度29℃、空气流量1:0.6v/v.m。在此条件下,3.5L发酵培养基产菌丝68.23±2.51g(n=3),产胞外粗多糖10.23±0.35g(n=3)。
用复合酶提取桑黄菌多糖。对提取用酶进行了筛选及复合,筛选得到的提取用酶为:纤维素酶、蜗牛酶、溶壁酶和中性蛋白酶Neutrase,4种酶复合质量比为3:1:0.5:4。在多糖提取单因素研究的基础上,通过优化试验,得到多糖得率最高的提取条件为:pH值6.5、温度40.9℃、提取时间3.78h、加酶量3.37%。多糖纯度最高的提取条件为:pH值6.7、温度34.5℃、提取时间2.35h、加酶量2.57%。在试验范围内,影响多糖得率的顺序为:pH值＞加酶量＞温度＞提取时间。影响多糖纯度的顺序为:提取时间＞pH值＞温度＞加酶量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
对桑黄菌多糖(PIPS)的部分理化性质进行了研究,碘-碘化钾试剂反应为阴性,α-萘酚反应为阳性,斐林试剂反应为阴性,25℃时EPS(胞外多糖)特性粘度为0.85dL/g,IPS(胞内多糖)特性粘度为1.20dL/g。
对PIPS进行分级分离,从EPS中得到2个组分EPS_(0.1)和EPS_(0.2),从IPS中得到8个组分:IPS_(0.01)、IPS_(0.02)和IPS_(0.1)等。对PIPS及部分组分测定单糖组成,得IPS的单糖组成及摩尔比为:1(Xy1):50(Rha):33(Ara):225(Man):375(Glu);IPS_(0.1)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:10(Rha):33(Man):70(Glu);IPS_(0.01)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:9(Man):5(Glu);EPS的单糖组成及摩尔比为:1(Gal):35(Man):35(Glu);EPS_(0.1)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:7(Man):5(Glu);EPS_(0.2)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:13(Man):5(Glu)。
桑黄菌多糖的抗氧化活性有较好的量效关系,通过对量效关系曲线回归并计算出:清除DPPH·时,IPS的EC_(50)值为1.09mg/mL,EPS的为1.52mg/mL;清除·OH时,EPS的EC_(50)值为0.23mg/mL,IPS的为0.78mg/mL;清除O_2~-·时,EPS的EC_(50)值为20.31μg/mL,IPS的为29.97μg/mL;螯合Fe~(2+)时,IPS的EC_(50)值为1.36mg/mL,EPS的为1.66mg/mL;试验范围内IPS的还原能力(y)与IPS浓度(x)的量效关系为:y=1.3023x+0.0178(R~2=0.9991),EPS的还原能力(y)与EPS浓度(x)的量效关系为:y=1.8004x+0.0185(R~2=0.9992)。
In order to exploit and utilize Phellinus igniarius as national resources of Chinese medicinal materials farther and wider,the research status of biological characteristics, composition and pharmacological action of Phellinus igniarius was reviewed in this paper.Based on analysis of literatures and recent researches,selective breeding of fermentation strains,fermentation technology,polysaccharide extraction and activities of the polysaccharide were studied.
Phellinus igniarius growed slowly in the process of culture,Conidium was difficult to induce,so protoplast only can be separated from mycelium.The suitable conditions of protoplast separation and regeneration were as follows:mycelial age 10d, mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer on separation and regeneration,1.5% lywallzyme and 0.5%driselase as reactive synthase,enzymatic temperature 30℃, enzymatic time 3h,improved PDA as regeneration culture medium.
With LA and LA-UV mutation from four mutant modes,average fermentation yields of screened mutant strains were 11.57±1.86mg/mL and 8.52±1.52mg/mL respectively,which were better than others,further the positive mutation rates with LA and LA-UV mutation were 6.08%and 5.52%respectively.The strains with LA-UV mutation produced larger variation and had great increasing potential,so LA-UV mutant mode was applied to large-scale screening.
The S2 strain with UV mutation was selected,which had faster growth rate,then the protoplast of S2 strain was mutated with LA-UV,through five generation screening,five mutant strains were selected,Results showed that the five mutant strains had good genetic stability,they also had antagonism to the original strains,and the electrophoretograms of esterase and peroxidase were changed.
The analytical methods of fermentation yield on intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide from Phellinus igniarius were established.The fermentation yields of polysaccharide from all selected strains were determined,then results showed that the fermentation yield of polysaccharide from SJZ2 strain,which were highest,increased by 36.88%than original strain.
The culture medium of SJZ2 was screened and optimized.The results showed that the best carbon source was wheat flour,the best nitrogen source was rice bran,the optimum conditions were as follows:wheat flour 5.16%,rice bran 1.38%,KH_2PO_4 0.094%,MgSO_4 0.054%,under these conditons,the factors influencing fermentation yield were in the order as follows:rice bran content＞wheat flour content＞KH_2PO_4 content＞MgSO_4 content,and regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The single factor experiments of shaking flask that had an effect on fermentation yield were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: media amount 120/250(mL/mL),the inoculum size 17mL,temperature 26℃,rotate speed 135r/min,under these conditions,the factors influencing fermentation yield were in the order as follows:temperature＞inoculum size＞rotate speed＞media amount, and the regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The kinetic changes of mycelial yield,soluble protein content,polysaccharide content,viscosity,LiP,MnP,Lac,carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper cellulase were studied in the process of shaking flask fermentation,then michaelis constant and maximum reaction speed of LiP,MnP,Lac were determined.
Base on shaking flask fermentation,fermentor experiments were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions of fermentation were as follows:media amount 70/100(mL/mL),inoculation volume 10%,stirring speed 180r/min, temperature 29℃,air flow 1:0.6v/v.m,under these conditions,3.5L fermentation culture medium could produce mycelium 68.23±2.51g(n=3),and extracellular polysaccharide 10.23±0.35g(n=3).
Polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius were extracted with compound enzymes. Different enzymes were screened and compound,The screened enzymes for extraction were cellulase,helicase,lywallzyme and neutrase(3:1:0.5:4).Base on single factor tests,extraction conditions were optimized.The results showed that the optimum conditions of polysaccharide extracting rate were as follows:pH 6.5,temperature 40.9℃,extraction time 3.78h,enzyme quantity 3.37%,the optimum conditions of polysaccharide purity were as follows:pH 6.7,temperature 34.5℃,extraction time 2.35h, enzyme quantity 2.57%,under these conditions,the factors influencing polysaccharide extracting rate were in the order as follows:pH＞enzyme quantity＞temperature＞extraction time,factors influencing polysaccharide purity were in the order as follows: extraction time＞pH＞temperature＞enzyme quantity,and the regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The part physicochemical properties of PIPS were studied.The results showed that the reaction of I-KI reagent was negative,that ofα-naphthol reagent was positive,that of Folin's reagent was negative,inherent viscosity of EPS at 25℃was 0.85dL/g,and inherent viscosity of IPS at 25℃was 1.2dL/g.
Through fractionation of PIPS,EPS_(0.1)and EPS_(0.2)were obtained from EPS,eight fractions were obtained from IPS such as IPS_(0.01),IPS_(0.02),IPS_(0.1)and so on,and the monosaccharide composition of PIPS and part fractions were determined.The results showed that the monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of IPS were 1(Xyl):50(Rha):33(Ara):225(Man):375(Glu),those of IPS_(0.1)were 10(Rha):33(Man):70 (Glu),those of IPS_(0.01)were 9(Man):5(Glu),those of EPS were 1(Gal):35(Man):35(Glu), those of EPS_(0.1)were 7(Man):5(Glu),and those of EPS_(0.2)were 13(Man):5(Glu).
Antioxidative activities of polysaccharide from Phellinus igniarius showed better dose-effect relationship.Through the curvilinear regression computation,the result showed that the EC_(50)of IPS on DPPH radical scavenging capacity was 1.09mg/mL,EPS was 1.52mg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was 0.78mg/mL,EPS was 0.23mg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on Superoxide Anions scavenging capacity was 29.97μg/mL,EPS was 20.31μg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on Fe~(2+) Chelation was 1.36mg/mL,EPS was 1.66mg/mL,under these conditions,the reduction activity of IPS was y=1.3023x+0.0178(R~2=0.9991),EPS was y=1.8004x+0.0185 (R2=0.9992).
桑黄菌培养生长较慢,不易诱导出分生孢子,只能从菌丝中分离原生质体。原生质体分离及再生适宜的条件为:菌龄为10d的菌丝,以甘露醇作为分离和再生渗透压稳定剂,用1.5%溶壁酶+0.5%崩溃酶的组合酶系酶解,酶解温度为30℃,酶解时间为3h,用改良PDA再生培养基进行再生。
四种诱变方式中激光(LA)诱变与激光-紫外线(LA-UV)复合诱变后筛选的变异菌株平均发酵产量分别为11.57+1.86mg/mL和8.52±1.52mg/mL,表现较好;近一步比较发现LA诱变与LA-UV复合诱变的正变异率分别为6.08%和5.52%,LA-UV复合诱变后菌株变异幅度较大,增产潜力较大,在筛选量较大时使用较好。
通过原生质体紫外线诱变,选出生长较快的变异菌株S2。以S2的原生质体进行LA-UV复合诱变,经5代筛选,选出5株变异菌株,5株变异株遗传稳定性较好,与出发菌株均产生拮抗作用,酯酶与过氧化物酶的同功酶电泳图谱与出发菌株比较发生了变化。
建立了桑黄菌胞内与胞外多糖发酵产量检测方法,检测了选出菌株的发酵产量,多糖发酵产量最高的菌株为SJZ2,比出发菌株增产36.88%。
筛选并优化了SJZ2的发酵培养基。发现,最好的碳源为小麦粉,最好的氮源为米糠。优化培养基组成为:小麦粉5.16%、米糠1.38%、磷酸二氢钾0.094%、硫酸镁0.054%。在试验范围内,影响菌丝发酵产量的顺序为:米糠含量＞小麦粉含量＞磷酸二氢钾含量＞硫酸镁含量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
对影响摇瓶发酵产量的单因素进行了试验,在此基础上对发酵工艺进行了优化,优化后的发酵条件是:装瓶量120mL/250mL、接种量17mL、温度26℃、转速135r/min。在试验范围内,影响SJZ2菌丝发酵产量的顺序为:温度＞接种量＞转速＞装瓶量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
研究了摇瓶发酵过程中菌丝产量、发酵液中可溶性蛋白含量、多糖含量、粘度、LiP的活性、MnP的活性、Lac的活性、纤维素酶对羧甲基纤维素的活性和纤维素酶对滤纸的活性动态变化,并测出LiP、MnP、Lac的米氏常数和最大反应速度。
在摇瓶发酵的基础上进行了发酵罐发酵试验。试验最佳发酵条件为:装罐量70%、接种量10%、搅拌速度180r/min、温度29℃、空气流量1:0.6v/v.m。在此条件下,3.5L发酵培养基产菌丝68.23±2.51g(n=3),产胞外粗多糖10.23±0.35g(n=3)。
用复合酶提取桑黄菌多糖。对提取用酶进行了筛选及复合,筛选得到的提取用酶为:纤维素酶、蜗牛酶、溶壁酶和中性蛋白酶Neutrase,4种酶复合质量比为3:1:0.5:4。在多糖提取单因素研究的基础上,通过优化试验,得到多糖得率最高的提取条件为:pH值6.5、温度40.9℃、提取时间3.78h、加酶量3.37%。多糖纯度最高的提取条件为:pH值6.7、温度34.5℃、提取时间2.35h、加酶量2.57%。在试验范围内,影响多糖得率的顺序为:pH值＞加酶量＞温度＞提取时间。影响多糖纯度的顺序为:提取时间＞pH值＞温度＞加酶量。经试验验证,回归模型预测性较好。
对桑黄菌多糖(PIPS)的部分理化性质进行了研究,碘-碘化钾试剂反应为阴性,α-萘酚反应为阳性,斐林试剂反应为阴性,25℃时EPS(胞外多糖)特性粘度为0.85dL/g,IPS(胞内多糖)特性粘度为1.20dL/g。
对PIPS进行分级分离,从EPS中得到2个组分EPS_(0.1)和EPS_(0.2),从IPS中得到8个组分:IPS_(0.01)、IPS_(0.02)和IPS_(0.1)等。对PIPS及部分组分测定单糖组成,得IPS的单糖组成及摩尔比为:1(Xy1):50(Rha):33(Ara):225(Man):375(Glu);IPS_(0.1)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:10(Rha):33(Man):70(Glu);IPS_(0.01)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:9(Man):5(Glu);EPS的单糖组成及摩尔比为:1(Gal):35(Man):35(Glu);EPS_(0.1)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:7(Man):5(Glu);EPS_(0.2)的单糖组成及摩尔比为:13(Man):5(Glu)。
桑黄菌多糖的抗氧化活性有较好的量效关系,通过对量效关系曲线回归并计算出:清除DPPH·时,IPS的EC_(50)值为1.09mg/mL,EPS的为1.52mg/mL;清除·OH时,EPS的EC_(50)值为0.23mg/mL,IPS的为0.78mg/mL;清除O_2~-·时,EPS的EC_(50)值为20.31μg/mL,IPS的为29.97μg/mL;螯合Fe~(2+)时,IPS的EC_(50)值为1.36mg/mL,EPS的为1.66mg/mL;试验范围内IPS的还原能力(y)与IPS浓度(x)的量效关系为:y=1.3023x+0.0178(R~2=0.9991),EPS的还原能力(y)与EPS浓度(x)的量效关系为:y=1.8004x+0.0185(R~2=0.9992)。
In order to exploit and utilize Phellinus igniarius as national resources of Chinese medicinal materials farther and wider,the research status of biological characteristics, composition and pharmacological action of Phellinus igniarius was reviewed in this paper.Based on analysis of literatures and recent researches,selective breeding of fermentation strains,fermentation technology,polysaccharide extraction and activities of the polysaccharide were studied.
Phellinus igniarius growed slowly in the process of culture,Conidium was difficult to induce,so protoplast only can be separated from mycelium.The suitable conditions of protoplast separation and regeneration were as follows:mycelial age 10d, mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer on separation and regeneration,1.5% lywallzyme and 0.5%driselase as reactive synthase,enzymatic temperature 30℃, enzymatic time 3h,improved PDA as regeneration culture medium.
With LA and LA-UV mutation from four mutant modes,average fermentation yields of screened mutant strains were 11.57±1.86mg/mL and 8.52±1.52mg/mL respectively,which were better than others,further the positive mutation rates with LA and LA-UV mutation were 6.08%and 5.52%respectively.The strains with LA-UV mutation produced larger variation and had great increasing potential,so LA-UV mutant mode was applied to large-scale screening.
The S2 strain with UV mutation was selected,which had faster growth rate,then the protoplast of S2 strain was mutated with LA-UV,through five generation screening,five mutant strains were selected,Results showed that the five mutant strains had good genetic stability,they also had antagonism to the original strains,and the electrophoretograms of esterase and peroxidase were changed.
The analytical methods of fermentation yield on intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide from Phellinus igniarius were established.The fermentation yields of polysaccharide from all selected strains were determined,then results showed that the fermentation yield of polysaccharide from SJZ2 strain,which were highest,increased by 36.88%than original strain.
The culture medium of SJZ2 was screened and optimized.The results showed that the best carbon source was wheat flour,the best nitrogen source was rice bran,the optimum conditions were as follows:wheat flour 5.16%,rice bran 1.38%,KH_2PO_4 0.094%,MgSO_4 0.054%,under these conditons,the factors influencing fermentation yield were in the order as follows:rice bran content＞wheat flour content＞KH_2PO_4 content＞MgSO_4 content,and regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The single factor experiments of shaking flask that had an effect on fermentation yield were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: media amount 120/250(mL/mL),the inoculum size 17mL,temperature 26℃,rotate speed 135r/min,under these conditions,the factors influencing fermentation yield were in the order as follows:temperature＞inoculum size＞rotate speed＞media amount, and the regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The kinetic changes of mycelial yield,soluble protein content,polysaccharide content,viscosity,LiP,MnP,Lac,carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper cellulase were studied in the process of shaking flask fermentation,then michaelis constant and maximum reaction speed of LiP,MnP,Lac were determined.
Base on shaking flask fermentation,fermentor experiments were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions of fermentation were as follows:media amount 70/100(mL/mL),inoculation volume 10%,stirring speed 180r/min, temperature 29℃,air flow 1:0.6v/v.m,under these conditions,3.5L fermentation culture medium could produce mycelium 68.23±2.51g(n=3),and extracellular polysaccharide 10.23±0.35g(n=3).
Polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius were extracted with compound enzymes. Different enzymes were screened and compound,The screened enzymes for extraction were cellulase,helicase,lywallzyme and neutrase(3:1:0.5:4).Base on single factor tests,extraction conditions were optimized.The results showed that the optimum conditions of polysaccharide extracting rate were as follows:pH 6.5,temperature 40.9℃,extraction time 3.78h,enzyme quantity 3.37%,the optimum conditions of polysaccharide purity were as follows:pH 6.7,temperature 34.5℃,extraction time 2.35h, enzyme quantity 2.57%,under these conditions,the factors influencing polysaccharide extracting rate were in the order as follows:pH＞enzyme quantity＞temperature＞extraction time,factors influencing polysaccharide purity were in the order as follows: extraction time＞pH＞temperature＞enzyme quantity,and the regression model was well predictable,which had been confirmed by verification experiment.
The part physicochemical properties of PIPS were studied.The results showed that the reaction of I-KI reagent was negative,that ofα-naphthol reagent was positive,that of Folin's reagent was negative,inherent viscosity of EPS at 25℃was 0.85dL/g,and inherent viscosity of IPS at 25℃was 1.2dL/g.
Through fractionation of PIPS,EPS_(0.1)and EPS_(0.2)were obtained from EPS,eight fractions were obtained from IPS such as IPS_(0.01),IPS_(0.02),IPS_(0.1)and so on,and the monosaccharide composition of PIPS and part fractions were determined.The results showed that the monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of IPS were 1(Xyl):50(Rha):33(Ara):225(Man):375(Glu),those of IPS_(0.1)were 10(Rha):33(Man):70 (Glu),those of IPS_(0.01)were 9(Man):5(Glu),those of EPS were 1(Gal):35(Man):35(Glu), those of EPS_(0.1)were 7(Man):5(Glu),and those of EPS_(0.2)were 13(Man):5(Glu).
Antioxidative activities of polysaccharide from Phellinus igniarius showed better dose-effect relationship.Through the curvilinear regression computation,the result showed that the EC_(50)of IPS on DPPH radical scavenging capacity was 1.09mg/mL,EPS was 1.52mg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was 0.78mg/mL,EPS was 0.23mg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on Superoxide Anions scavenging capacity was 29.97μg/mL,EPS was 20.31μg/mL,the EC_(50)of IPS on Fe~(2+) Chelation was 1.36mg/mL,EPS was 1.66mg/mL,under these conditions,the reduction activity of IPS was y=1.3023x+0.0178(R~2=0.9991),EPS was y=1.8004x+0.0185 (R2=0.9992).
引文
[1]国家卫生部和国家中医药管理局.中华本草,第一卷[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999.
[2]Dai Y C.Phellinus sensu lato(Aphyllophorales,Hymenochaetaceae)in East Asia[J].Acta Bot Fennici,1999,166:1-115.
[3]刘正南,郑淑芳.中国药用真菌的现状和种质资源[J].中国食用菌,1998,17(6):22-24.
[4]陈士瑜,陈惠.菇菌栽培手册[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2003,270-271.
[5]戴玉成.药用担子菌——鲍氏层孔菌(桑黄)的新认识[J].中草药,2003,34(1):94-95.
[6]Song K S,Cho S M,Ko K S,et al.Secondary metabolites from the mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus[J].Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology,1994,37(2):100.
[7]卯晓岚.中国大型真菌[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2000:465.
[8]应建浙,卯晓岚.中国药用真菌图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,181.
[9]Kong W S,Kim D H,You C H,et al.Identification of Phellinus linteus by Comparison of Colony Shapes and Using PCR techniques[J].The Korean Journal of Mycology,1998,26(4):466.
[10]池玉杰,于钢.6种木材白腐菌对山杨材木质素分解能力的研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(5):115-120.
[11]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[12]Hong I P,Sung G B,Nam H W.Artificial cultivation of medicinal mushroom,Phellinus linteus using mulberry log[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2004,23(1):72-77.
[13]王秋颖,陈邦国,秦绍新.桑黄菌人工栽培技术研究[J].食用菌,2005(5):32.
[14]刘利,刘冰,刘明才等.长白山野生桑黄菌人工栽培初探[J].食用菌,2005(3):32.
[15]刘金荣,江发寿,李艳等.药用真菌桑黄甾类成分的提取和鉴定[J].农垦医学,1998,20(3):141.
[16]莫顺燕,杨永春,石建功.桑黄化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(4):339-341.
[17]莫顺燕,杨永春,石建功.桑黄黄酮A和B的分离与合成[J].化学学报,2003,61(7):1161-1163.
[18]白日霞,白日丽.碱提水溶针裂蹄多糖R1的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1995,7(3):41.
[19]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(1):81-87.
[20]Song K S,Cho S M,Lee J H,et al.B-lymphocyte-stimulating polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Chem Pharm Bull(Tokyo),1995,43(12):2105-2108.
[21]Lee J H,Cho S M,Song K S,et al.Immunostimulating activity and characterization of polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus linteus[J].Microbiol Biotechnol,1996,3:8-213.
[22]Lee J H,Cho S M,Ko K S,et al.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L13202[J].Korean J Mycol,1995,23:31-325.
[23]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresource Technology,2003(89):81-87.
[24]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysacc-harides from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC 6190.Enzyme and Microbial Technology [J],2003,33:309-319.
[25]Hur J M,Yang C H,Han S H,et al.Antibacterial effect of Phellinus linteus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J].Fitoterapia,2004,75(6):603-605.
[26]Jang B S,Kim J C,et al.Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmon- ary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats[J].Biotechnology Letters,2004 (26):31-33.
[27] Kim G Y, Roh S I, Park S K, et al. Alleviation of Experimental Septic Shock in Mice by Acidic Polysaccharide Isolated from the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus linteus [J]. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003,26(10):1418-1423.
[28] Jang B S, Kim J C, Bae J S, et al. Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats [J]. Biotechnol Lett, 2004,26(1):31-33.
[29] Ikekawa T N, akanishi M U, ehara N, et al. Antitumor or action of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus [J]. Gann, 1968,59:155-157.
[30] Sasaki T, Fujii K, Sugura M, et al. A ntitumor polysaccharides from some poly poraceae, Ganderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. And Phellinus linteus (Berk. & Curt.) Teng [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1971, 19:821.
[31] Ajith T A, Janardhanan K K. Cytotoxic and antitumor activities of a polypore macro- fungus, Phellinus rimosus (Berk) Pilat [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2003,84 (2):157-162.
[32] Cho J H, Cho S D, Hu H, et al. The roles of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAP kinases in the preventive mechanisms of mushroom Phellinus linteus against the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by hydrogen peroxide [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2002, 23(7):1163-1169.
[33] Han S B, Lee C W, Jeon Y J, et al. The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus on tumor growth and metastasis [J]. Immunopharmacology, 1999,41(2): 157-164.
[34] Kim G Y, Choi G S, Lee, S H, et al. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2004, 95(1):69-76.
[35] Kim H M, Han S B, Oh G T, et al. Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus [J]. Int. J. Immunopharmac, 1996,18(5): 295-303.
[36] Shon Y H, Nam K S. Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenis phase II enzymes by basidiomycetes [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001, (77):103-109.
[37] Kim G Y, Park S K, et al. Proteoglycan isolated from Phellinus linteus activates murine B lymphocytes via protein kinase C and protein tyrosin kinase [J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2003(3): 1281 -1292.
[38] Kim G Y, Choil G Y, et al. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-afrom peritoneal macrophages [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002(95):69-76.
[39] Kim G Y, Oh Y H, Park Y M. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus induces nitric oxide-mediated tumoricidal activity of macrophages through protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003,309(2):399-407.
[40] Park S K, Kim G Y, Kim J Y, et al. Acidic polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus induce phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,312(2):449-458.
[41]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱等.桑黄抗大鼠肝纤维化作用实验研究[J].中医药学报,2001,19(5):518-519.
[42]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱.桑黄诱生γ-干扰素与抗肝纤维化[J].中医药学报,2002,30(6):22-23.
[43]Jeon T I,Hwang S G,Lim B Q,et al.Extracts of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice suppress liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats[J].Biotechnol Lett,2003,25(24):2093-2096.
[44]Shon Y H,Nam K S.Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes in rat liver microsomes by polysaccharides derived fromPhellinus linteus[J].Biotechnol Lett,2003,25(2):167-172.
[45]Shon M Y,Kim T H,Sung N J.Antioxidants and free radical scavenging activity of Phellinus baumii(Phetlinus of Hymenochaetaceae)extracts[J].Food Chemistry,2003,82:593-597.
[46]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,88(1):113-116.
[47]Kim D H,Yang B K,et al.Production of a hypoglycemic,extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged culture of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biotechnology Letters,2001(23):513-517.
[48]Shon Y H,Nam K S.Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenis phase Ⅱ enzymes by basidiomycetes[J].Jounal of Ethnopharmacology,2001,(77):103-109.
[49]李艳.发酵工业概论[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999:2-3.
[50]白秀峰主编.发酵工艺学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003:15.
[51]韩明杰.红曲霉菌种的自然选育[J].牡丹江大学学报,2003,12(8):60.
[52]王敬敏,李娜,谢广健.维生素C二步发酵菌种自然选育的研究[J].河北工业科技,2000,17(5):7-9.
[53]王传福主编.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002:75-76.
[54]陈云琳,刘晓娟,闻建平.激光诱变微生物技术的研究进展[J].生物物理学报,2003,19(4):353-357.
[55]陈五岭,罗海峰,张小里.He-Ne激光诱变的香菇变异株遗传稳定性分析[J].光子学报,2000,29(4):380-384.
[56]薛正莲,潘文洁,杨超英.采用He-Ne激光诱变选育速生高产茯苓菌[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(2):51-54.
[57]韩建荣,郝建国,邢茂生.黑木耳激光诱变及营养缺陷型突变体筛选[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(1):71-73.
[58]刘建龙,刘建军,杨连生.碱性淀粉酶菌株的紫外线和He-Ne激光复合诱变的研究[J].中 国激光,2006,33(1):138-142.
[59]郭爱莲,朱宏莉.紫外、氦氖激光等复合诱变产果胶酶细菌ZH1的研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(11):1335-1339.
[60]张晓瑞,黄建新,罗莎.He-Ne激光和紫外线对PHB产生菌的复合诱变效应[J].光子学报,2005,34(5):682-685.
[61]Ferenczy H.Fusion of fungal protoplast.Nature,1974,248:793-794.
[62]Peberdy J F.Protoplast fusion a tool for genetic manipulation and breedint in industrial microorganisms[J].Enzyme and Microbiol Technol,1980,2(1):23-38.
[63]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,139-141.
[64]刘士旺,郭泽建,阚云超等.灵芝原生质体诱变筛选富硒高生物量菌株[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(1):44-48.
[65]赵凯,平文祥,马玺.紫杉醇高产菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其遗传变异初探[J].微生物学报,2005,45(3):355-358.
[66]朱宏莉,郭爱莲,宋纪蓉等.氦、氖激光诱变细菌细胞及原生质体选育果胶酶高产菌株[J].光子学报,2005,34(11):1693-1696.
[67]贺建超,贺榆霞,王玛丽.双孢蘑菇单孢子杂交育种研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):18-19.
[68]刘振伟,史秀娟.灰树花杂交良种的选育[J].山东农业科学,2005,(1):27-28.
[69]Lee J H,Cho S M.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L.13202[J].Korcan J My-col,1995,23:325-331.
[70]Kim S W,Hwang H J,Park J P,et al.Mycelial growth and exobiopolymer production by submerged culture of various edible emnshrooms under different media[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2002,34(1):56-61.
[71]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide-s from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[72]林百全,余晓斌,洪玉涛.豆饼粉和玉米浆粉浓度对桑黄胞外多糖产量的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(11):56-59.
[73]林百全,余晓斌.利用SAS软件优化桑黄发酵培养基[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(11):84-86.
[74]李朔,丁一新,徐霁等.桑黄胞内多糖液体发酵培养基的优化[J].食品科学,2006,27(11):236-240.
[75]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[76]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌, 2006,25(3):49-52.
[77]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[78]贾建波,季彩宏.桑黄多糖高产菌株产糖营养条件优化[J].食品科技,2006(10):31-37.
[79]杨全,严寒静,李艳辉等.药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖提取工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2005,21(6):697-698.
[80]郭树凡,张慧丽,李昱等.桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究[J].食用菌学报,2006,13(4):49-52.
[81]吴琼,郑成,宁正祥等.碱溶性银耳粗多糖的提取及其清除自由基作用的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(6):153-155.
[82]杜敏华,田龙.杏鲍菇碱溶性多糖的酶法提取及其结构的初步分析[J].食品工业科技,2007,128(6):113-116.
[83]边洪荣,孙广利,张海岚.用正交试验法研究超声提取香菇多糖的最佳工艺[J].中药材,2006,29(3):289-291.
[84]李钟玉,张京东,李临生.超声波法提取灵芝多糖的研究[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(2):42-44.
[85]樊黎生,张声华,吴小刚.微波辅助提取黑木耳多糖的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(10):142-144.
[86]张艳荣,单玉玲,刘婷婷.微波萃取技术在姬松茸多糖提取中的应用[J].食品科学,2006,27(12):267-270.
[87]马淑凤,王利强,胡志超.酶法提取白灵菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):198-201.
[88]陈石良,孙震,谷文英.灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取及其抗肿瘤作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2000,19(4):336-339.
[89]韩春然,唐娟,马永强.黑木耳多糖的酶法提取、纯化及性质研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(2):53-55.
[90]王维香,王关林,方宏筠.复合酶解法提取裙带菜硫酸多糖的研究[J].食品科学,1999.11:26-29.
[91]马春,董秀萍,朱蓓薇.复合酶法提取姬松茸胞内多糖[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2005,24(3):195-198.
[92]刘安军,陈伟伟,王稳航等.桑黄(Phellinus linteus)水溶多糖提取技术研究[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(10):32-35.
[93]Staub A M.Removeal of Protein-sevag method[J].Methods in Carbohydrate Chemis-try,1965,5(2):5-6.
[1]何强泰,张李杨.大型真菌原生质体技术的研究与进展[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2001,17(12):47-50.
[2]祖元刚,于景华,唐中华等.植物叶片原生质体分离的可能机制[J].植物研究,2005,25(3):272-273.
[3]孙剑秋,周东坡.微生物原生质体技术[J].生物学通报,2002,37(7):9-11.
[4]翟中和,王喜忠,丁明孝.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,8-12.
[5]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,26。
[6]李刚,李宝健.灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究[J].菌物系统,1999,18(1):79-88.
[7]沙涛,张汉波,丁骅孙.松茸菌丝原生质体形成与再生条件的研究[J].生物技术,2001,11(2):11-14.
[8]谢宝贵,朱虎.银耳原生质体分离与再生条件优化研究[J].菌物系统,2003,22(4):574-578.
[9]韩业君,曹晖,陈明杰等.草菇原生质体制备与再生及诱变效应研究[J].食用菌学报,2004,11(2):1-6.
[10]薛平海,宫正,谢鲲鹏等.灰树花原生质体制备与再生条件的研究[J].食用菌,2004,(1):13-15.
[11]王波,唐利民,熊鹰等.双孢蘑菇原生质体分离与再生初探[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(2):215-216.
[12]刘敏,李娟,周波等.杏鲍菇原生质体制备与再生条件初探[J].生物技术,2005,15(1):54-55.
[13]江海涛.桑黄巨原生质体生物学特性及其功能性研究[硕士论文].保存地点:南京师范大学,2005.
[14]王传福.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002,112-114.
[15]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[16]邹勇,文成敬,唐贵群.几个因素对木霉菌株T-33产生厚垣孢子的影响[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(4):43-47.
[17]杨文博.微生物学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004,34-35.
[18]崔宗强,罗信昌.羊肚菌原生质体制备与再生[J].菌物系统,2003,22(3):498-501.
[19]刑来君,李明春.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,124-129.
[20]刘春辉,陈体强,林跃鑫.药用真菌桑黄的研究进展[J].菌物研究,2004,2(2):53-59.
[21]张志光,李东屏,邹寿长.丝状真菌原生质体技术的研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,1998.21(6):67-71.
[1]颜方贵.发酵微生物学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993,5-6.
[2]王传福.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002,75-77.
[3]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,139-140.
[4]李刚,杨凡,李瑞雪等.原生质体紫外诱变选育灵芝新菌种的研究[J].微生物学报,2001,41(2):229-233.
[5]王澄澈,梁枝荣,苗艳芳.香菇原生质体诱变育种初报[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,28(3):36-39.
[6]金玲,武艳霞,周宗俊等.原生质体辐射诱变培育金针菇新菌株[J].园艺学报,2000,27(1):65-66.
[7]刘士旺,梁宗琦,刘爱英.羊肚菌原生质体诱变筛选高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株[J].菌物系统,1999,18(2):168-171.
[8]张渊,王谦,张筱梅.刺芹侧耳原生质体诱变育种初报[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(6):69-73.
[9]李刚,李宝健.灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究[J].菌物系统,1999,18(1):79-88.
[10]徐志祥,李刚,李宝健.灰树花紫外诱变育种研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(2):84-87.
[11]陈五岭,罗海峰,张小里.He-Ne激光诱变的香菇变异株遗传稳定性分[J].光子学报,2000,29(4):380-384.
[12]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[13]何忠效,张树政.电泳[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,285-298.
[14]胡卫红,陈有为,李绍兰等.激光辐照微生物的研究概况[J].激光生物学报,1999.8(1):66-69.
[15]Ben-Dov N,Shefer G,Ifinitchev A.Low-energy laser irradiation affects satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1999,1448:372-380.
[16]阎隆飞,张玉麟.分子生物学[M].中国农业大学出版社,1997,129-131.
[17]杨业华.分子遗传学[M].中国农业出版社,2001,35-39.
[18]孙乃恩.分子遗传学[M].南京大学出版社,1990,137-185.
[19]李慧蓉,白腐真菌生物学和生物技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005,58.
[20]陈春涛,姚占芳.33个香菇栽培菌株的拮抗性测定及鉴定中的应用[J].中国食用菌,15(6):3-4.
[21]张松.食用菌[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,39.
[1]刘波.中国药用真菌[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1974,71-72.
[2]温克,陈劲,李红等.桑黄等四种抗癌药物活性比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2002,28(3):247-249.
[3]Sasaki T,Fujii K,Sugura M,et al.A ntitumor polysaccharides from some poly poraceae,Ganderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat.and Phellinus linteus(Berk.& Curt.)Teng[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1971,19:821.
[4]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[5]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[6]林百全,余晓斌,洪玉涛.豆饼粉和玉米浆粉浓度对桑黄胞外多糖产量的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(11):56-59.
[7]林百全,余晓斌.利用SAS软件优化桑黄发酵培养基[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(11):84-86.
[8]李朔,丁一新,徐霁等.桑黄胞内多糖液体发酵培养基的优化[J].食品科学,2006.27(11):236-240.
[9]Lee J H,Cho S M.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L.13202[J],Korcan J My-col,1995,23:325-331.
[10]Kim S W,Hwang H J,Park J P,et al.Mycelial growth and exobiopolymer production by submerged culture of various edible emushrooms under different media[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2002,34(1):56-61.
[11]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopoly-saccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[12]戚雁飞.灵芝中灵芝多糖的含量测定研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(10):852-853.
[13]周存山,马海乐.条斑紫菜多糖的含量测定及其部分理化性质研究[J].食品科学,2006,27(2):38-42.
[14]朱彩平,张声华.枸杞子水提物中多糖含量的测定[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(6):111-113.
[15]冯怡,韩宁,徐德生.麦冬多糖含量测定方法的研究[J].中成药,2006,28(5):705-707.
[16]傅博强,谢明勇,聂少平.茶叶中多糖含量的测定[J].食品科学,2001,22(11):69-73.
[17]余晓雷,张可,郑旭霞.芦荟中多糖含量测定方法的探讨[J].营养学报,2003,25(2):149-152.
[18]罗毅,潘细贵,刘刚,等。苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量显色方式的优选[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,1.
[19]白秀峰.发酵工艺学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003,49.
[20]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):49-52.
[21]欧阳臻,李永辉,宿树兰.桑叶多糖的含量测定[J].食品科学,2003,24(11):118-120.
[22]李俊,韩向晖,李仲洪等.茯苓多糖的提取及含量测定[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2000,17(1):49-50.
[23]贾建波,季彩宏.桑黄多糖高产菌株产糖营养条件优化[J].食品科技,2006(10):31-37.
[24]王伟平,吴思方.红曲霉液态发酵生产红色素的培养基配方优选[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(4):71-74.
[25]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:360-366.
[26]徐锦堂.中国药用真菌学[M].北京:北京协和医科大,1997.235-252.
[27]刑来君,李明春.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,50-51.
[28]向世华.食用真菌的营养生理[J].中国食用菌,1990,9(5):13-14.
[29]邓祖新.SAS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[1]戴玉成.药用担子菌-鲍氏层孔菌(桑黄)的新认识[J].中草药,2003,34(1):94-95.
[2]郑立军,王清,季俊虬等.药用真菌-桑黄的研究进展[J].现代中药研究与实践,2005,19(3):61-64.
[3]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide-s from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[4]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):49-52.
[5]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[6]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[7]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72:48-54.
[8]Harding S E.The intrinsic viscosity of biological macromolecules.Progress in measurement,interpretation and application to structure in dilute solution[J].Prog Biophys Mol Biol,1997,68(2-3):207.
[9]Mandels M,Hontz L,Nystrom J,et al.Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cellulose[J].Biotechnol Bioeng,1974,16:1471-1493.
[10]燕红,杨谦,王希国.两株芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶的研究[J],林产化学与工业,2006,26(2):83-86.
[11]李慧蓉,白腐真菌生物学和生物技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,34-35.
[12]何为,詹怀宇,王习文等.一种改进的漆酶酶活检测方法[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(12):46-50.
[13]Martinez M J,Ruiz F J,Guitlen F,et al.Purification and catalytic properties of two manganese peroxidase isoenzymes from Plwuratus eryngii[J].Eur J Biochem,1996,237:424-432.
[14]张龙翔,生化实验方法和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1985.
[15]刘炳明,曹德宾,于迎春等.杏鲍菇液体培养条件的研究[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(1):40-41.
[16]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:346-366.
[17]邓祖新.S AS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[18]李艳.发酵工业概论[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999,2-3.
[19]Bumpus J A,Tien M,Wright D,et al.Oxidation of Persistent Environmental Pollutants by a White Rot Fungus[J].Science,1985,228:1434-1436.
[20]Nagai M,Sato T,Watanabe H,et al.Purification and characterization of an extracellular lacase from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes and decolorization of chemically different dyes [J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2002,60:327-335.
[21]王佳玲,余惠生,付时雨等.白腐菌漆酶研究进展[J].微生物学通报,1998,25(4):233-236.
[22]诸葛健,王正祥.工业微生物实验技术手册[M].中国轻工业出版社,1994,134-136.
[23]白秀峰.发酵工艺学[M].中国医药科技出版社,2003,125-126.
[1]Kim H M,Han S B,Oh G T,et al.Stimulation of hurnoral and cell media- ted immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Int J Immunoph-armacol,1996,18(5):295-303.
[2]Sasaki T,Fujii K,Sugura M,et al.A ntitumor polysaccharides from some polyporaceae,Ganderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat.And Phellinus linteus(Berk.& Curt.)Teng[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1971,19:821.
[3]Han S B,Lee C W,Jeon Y J,et al.The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus on tumor growth and metastasis[J].Immunopharmac-ology,1999,41(2):157-164.
[4]Kim G Y,Choi G S,Lee,S H,et al.Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,95(1):69-76.
[5]郑媛,沈业寿.桑黄胞内多糖抗衰老作用的研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):38-41.
[6]郑立军,沈业寿,季俊虬.桑黄胞内多糖的抗突变和抗氧化作用[J].癌变.畸变.突变,2006,18(6):0465-0468.
[7]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic,antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacol,2003,88(1):1132116.
[8]Kim G Y,Roh S I,Park S K,et al.Alleviation of Experimental Septic Shock in Mice by Acidic Polysaccharide Iso-lated from the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biological &Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2003,26(10):1418-1423.
[9]曹德宾,刘炳明.灵芝多糖水提醇提工艺初探[J].食用菌,2000(1):38.
[10]耿慧,梁忠岩等.碱提猴头发酵菌丝体水溶性多糖HPP的结构确定[J].分子科学学报,2004,20(2):31-34.
[11]沈爱英,谷文英.复合酶法提取姬松茸子实体多糖的研究[J].食用菌,2001(3):7-9.
[12]张海岚,边宏荣等.超声法提取香菇多糖的探讨[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2004(4)17:3148-3149.
[13]张虎,李凯.微波辅助浸提多糖[J].大连民族学院学报,2000(2)3:21-24.
[14]马淑凤,王利强,胡志超.酶法提取白灵菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):198-201.
[15]陈石良,孙震,谷文英.灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取及其抗肿瘤作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2000,19(4):336-339.
[16]韩春然,唐娟,马永强.黑木耳多糖的酶法提取、纯化及性质研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(2):53-55.
[17]王维香,王关林,方宏筠.复合酶解法提取裙带菜硫酸多糖的研究[J].食品科学,1999,11:26-29.
[18]马春,董秀萍,朱蓓薇.复合酶法提取姬松茸胞内多糖[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2005,24(3):195-198.
[19]杨全,严寒静,李艳辉等.药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖提取工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2005,21(6):697-698.
[20]郭树凡,张慧丽,李昱等.桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究[J].食用菌学报,2006,13(4):49-52.
[21]刘安军,陈伟伟,王稳航等.桑黄(Phellinus linteus)水溶多糖提取技术研究[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(10):32-35.
[24]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:346-366.
[25]邓祖新.SAS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[1]Kim,G Y,Choi G S,Lee,S H,et al.Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,95(1):69-76.
[2]郑媛,沈业寿.桑黄胞内多糖抗衰老作用的研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):38-41.
[3]Jang B S,Kim J C,Bae J S,et al.Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats[J].Biotechnol Lett,2004,26(1):31-33.
[4]Kim H M,Han S B,Oh G T,et al.Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Int.J.Immunopharmac,1996,18(5):295-303.
[5]Kim D H,Yang B K,et al.Production of a hypoglycemic,extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged culture of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biotechnology Letters,2001(23):513-517.
[6]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(1):81-87.
[7]Lee J H,Cho S M,Song K S,et al.Immunostimulating activity and characterization of polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus linteus[J].Microbiol Biotechnol,1996,3:8-213.
[8]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresource Technology,2003(89):81-87.
[9]梁忠岩,苗春艳,张翼伸.化学修饰对斜顶菌多糖抑瘤活性影响[J].中国药学杂志,1996,31(10):613-615.
[10]Harman D.Aging:a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry[J].Geron,11,1956,298-312.
[11]Pryor W A.The free radical theory of aging revisited:a critique and a suggested disease-specific theory.In Butler RN et al.Modern biological theory of aging[J].Raven Press,New York,1987,89.
[12]赵保路.氧自由基和衰老[J].自然杂志,1989,13:655-660.
[13]陈瑗,周枚主编.自由基医学基础与病理卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002,121.
[14]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,88(1):113-116.
[15]Harding S E.The intrinsic viscosity of biological macromolecules.Progress in measurement,interpretation and application to structure in dilute solution[J].Prog Biophys Mol Biol,1997,68(2-3):207
[16]Bao X F,Liu C P,Fang J N,et al.Structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderm a lucidum(Fr.)Karst[J].Carbohydrate Research,2001,332:67-74.
[17]Duan J Y,Zheng Y,Dong Q,et al.Structural analysis of a pectic polysaccharide from the leaves of Diospyros aki[J].Phytochemistry,Volume,2004,65:609-615.
[18]Amarowicz R,Naczk M,Shahidi F.Antioxidant activity of various fractions of non-tanin phenolics of canola hulls[J].Jagric Food Chem,2000,48:2755-2759.
[19]Smirnoff N,Cumbes Q J.Hyroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes[J].Phytochemistry,1989,28:1057-1060.
[20]Liu F,Ooi V E C,Chang S T.Free radicals scavenging activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts[J].Life Sci,1997,60:763-771.
[21]Carter P.Spectrophotometric deteimination of serunironat the submicrogramlevel with a new reagent(ferrozine)[J].Analyticalbiochemistry,1971,40:450-458.
[22]Oyaizu M.Studies on products of browning reactions:antioxidant activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine[J].J P J Nutr,1986,44:307-315.
[23]郑晶泉.抗氧化剂氧化研究进展[J].国外医学卫生学分册,2000,27(1):37-40.
[24]Halliwell B.The biological toxicity of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species.Free radicals and food additives[M].London:Taylor & Francis Ltd,1991,37-57.
[25]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱等.桑黄抗大鼠肝纤维化与抗脂质过氧化[J].中成药,2002,24(4):281-283.
[26]郑立军,沈业寿,季俊虬等.桑黄胞内多糖的抗突变和抗氧化作用[J].癌变.畸变.突变,2006,18(6):465-468.
[2]Dai Y C.Phellinus sensu lato(Aphyllophorales,Hymenochaetaceae)in East Asia[J].Acta Bot Fennici,1999,166:1-115.
[3]刘正南,郑淑芳.中国药用真菌的现状和种质资源[J].中国食用菌,1998,17(6):22-24.
[4]陈士瑜,陈惠.菇菌栽培手册[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2003,270-271.
[5]戴玉成.药用担子菌——鲍氏层孔菌(桑黄)的新认识[J].中草药,2003,34(1):94-95.
[6]Song K S,Cho S M,Ko K S,et al.Secondary metabolites from the mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus[J].Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology,1994,37(2):100.
[7]卯晓岚.中国大型真菌[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2000:465.
[8]应建浙,卯晓岚.中国药用真菌图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,181.
[9]Kong W S,Kim D H,You C H,et al.Identification of Phellinus linteus by Comparison of Colony Shapes and Using PCR techniques[J].The Korean Journal of Mycology,1998,26(4):466.
[10]池玉杰,于钢.6种木材白腐菌对山杨材木质素分解能力的研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(5):115-120.
[11]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[12]Hong I P,Sung G B,Nam H W.Artificial cultivation of medicinal mushroom,Phellinus linteus using mulberry log[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2004,23(1):72-77.
[13]王秋颖,陈邦国,秦绍新.桑黄菌人工栽培技术研究[J].食用菌,2005(5):32.
[14]刘利,刘冰,刘明才等.长白山野生桑黄菌人工栽培初探[J].食用菌,2005(3):32.
[15]刘金荣,江发寿,李艳等.药用真菌桑黄甾类成分的提取和鉴定[J].农垦医学,1998,20(3):141.
[16]莫顺燕,杨永春,石建功.桑黄化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(4):339-341.
[17]莫顺燕,杨永春,石建功.桑黄黄酮A和B的分离与合成[J].化学学报,2003,61(7):1161-1163.
[18]白日霞,白日丽.碱提水溶针裂蹄多糖R1的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1995,7(3):41.
[19]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(1):81-87.
[20]Song K S,Cho S M,Lee J H,et al.B-lymphocyte-stimulating polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Chem Pharm Bull(Tokyo),1995,43(12):2105-2108.
[21]Lee J H,Cho S M,Song K S,et al.Immunostimulating activity and characterization of polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus linteus[J].Microbiol Biotechnol,1996,3:8-213.
[22]Lee J H,Cho S M,Ko K S,et al.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L13202[J].Korean J Mycol,1995,23:31-325.
[23]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresource Technology,2003(89):81-87.
[24]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysacc-harides from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC 6190.Enzyme and Microbial Technology [J],2003,33:309-319.
[25]Hur J M,Yang C H,Han S H,et al.Antibacterial effect of Phellinus linteus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J].Fitoterapia,2004,75(6):603-605.
[26]Jang B S,Kim J C,et al.Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmon- ary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats[J].Biotechnology Letters,2004 (26):31-33.
[27] Kim G Y, Roh S I, Park S K, et al. Alleviation of Experimental Septic Shock in Mice by Acidic Polysaccharide Isolated from the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus linteus [J]. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003,26(10):1418-1423.
[28] Jang B S, Kim J C, Bae J S, et al. Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats [J]. Biotechnol Lett, 2004,26(1):31-33.
[29] Ikekawa T N, akanishi M U, ehara N, et al. Antitumor or action of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus [J]. Gann, 1968,59:155-157.
[30] Sasaki T, Fujii K, Sugura M, et al. A ntitumor polysaccharides from some poly poraceae, Ganderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. And Phellinus linteus (Berk. & Curt.) Teng [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1971, 19:821.
[31] Ajith T A, Janardhanan K K. Cytotoxic and antitumor activities of a polypore macro- fungus, Phellinus rimosus (Berk) Pilat [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2003,84 (2):157-162.
[32] Cho J H, Cho S D, Hu H, et al. The roles of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAP kinases in the preventive mechanisms of mushroom Phellinus linteus against the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by hydrogen peroxide [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2002, 23(7):1163-1169.
[33] Han S B, Lee C W, Jeon Y J, et al. The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus on tumor growth and metastasis [J]. Immunopharmacology, 1999,41(2): 157-164.
[34] Kim G Y, Choi G S, Lee, S H, et al. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2004, 95(1):69-76.
[35] Kim H M, Han S B, Oh G T, et al. Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus [J]. Int. J. Immunopharmac, 1996,18(5): 295-303.
[36] Shon Y H, Nam K S. Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenis phase II enzymes by basidiomycetes [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001, (77):103-109.
[37] Kim G Y, Park S K, et al. Proteoglycan isolated from Phellinus linteus activates murine B lymphocytes via protein kinase C and protein tyrosin kinase [J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2003(3): 1281 -1292.
[38] Kim G Y, Choil G Y, et al. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-afrom peritoneal macrophages [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002(95):69-76.
[39] Kim G Y, Oh Y H, Park Y M. Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus induces nitric oxide-mediated tumoricidal activity of macrophages through protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003,309(2):399-407.
[40] Park S K, Kim G Y, Kim J Y, et al. Acidic polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus induce phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,312(2):449-458.
[41]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱等.桑黄抗大鼠肝纤维化作用实验研究[J].中医药学报,2001,19(5):518-519.
[42]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱.桑黄诱生γ-干扰素与抗肝纤维化[J].中医药学报,2002,30(6):22-23.
[43]Jeon T I,Hwang S G,Lim B Q,et al.Extracts of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice suppress liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats[J].Biotechnol Lett,2003,25(24):2093-2096.
[44]Shon Y H,Nam K S.Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes in rat liver microsomes by polysaccharides derived fromPhellinus linteus[J].Biotechnol Lett,2003,25(2):167-172.
[45]Shon M Y,Kim T H,Sung N J.Antioxidants and free radical scavenging activity of Phellinus baumii(Phetlinus of Hymenochaetaceae)extracts[J].Food Chemistry,2003,82:593-597.
[46]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,88(1):113-116.
[47]Kim D H,Yang B K,et al.Production of a hypoglycemic,extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged culture of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biotechnology Letters,2001(23):513-517.
[48]Shon Y H,Nam K S.Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenis phase Ⅱ enzymes by basidiomycetes[J].Jounal of Ethnopharmacology,2001,(77):103-109.
[49]李艳.发酵工业概论[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999:2-3.
[50]白秀峰主编.发酵工艺学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003:15.
[51]韩明杰.红曲霉菌种的自然选育[J].牡丹江大学学报,2003,12(8):60.
[52]王敬敏,李娜,谢广健.维生素C二步发酵菌种自然选育的研究[J].河北工业科技,2000,17(5):7-9.
[53]王传福主编.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002:75-76.
[54]陈云琳,刘晓娟,闻建平.激光诱变微生物技术的研究进展[J].生物物理学报,2003,19(4):353-357.
[55]陈五岭,罗海峰,张小里.He-Ne激光诱变的香菇变异株遗传稳定性分析[J].光子学报,2000,29(4):380-384.
[56]薛正莲,潘文洁,杨超英.采用He-Ne激光诱变选育速生高产茯苓菌[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(2):51-54.
[57]韩建荣,郝建国,邢茂生.黑木耳激光诱变及营养缺陷型突变体筛选[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(1):71-73.
[58]刘建龙,刘建军,杨连生.碱性淀粉酶菌株的紫外线和He-Ne激光复合诱变的研究[J].中 国激光,2006,33(1):138-142.
[59]郭爱莲,朱宏莉.紫外、氦氖激光等复合诱变产果胶酶细菌ZH1的研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(11):1335-1339.
[60]张晓瑞,黄建新,罗莎.He-Ne激光和紫外线对PHB产生菌的复合诱变效应[J].光子学报,2005,34(5):682-685.
[61]Ferenczy H.Fusion of fungal protoplast.Nature,1974,248:793-794.
[62]Peberdy J F.Protoplast fusion a tool for genetic manipulation and breedint in industrial microorganisms[J].Enzyme and Microbiol Technol,1980,2(1):23-38.
[63]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,139-141.
[64]刘士旺,郭泽建,阚云超等.灵芝原生质体诱变筛选富硒高生物量菌株[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(1):44-48.
[65]赵凯,平文祥,马玺.紫杉醇高产菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其遗传变异初探[J].微生物学报,2005,45(3):355-358.
[66]朱宏莉,郭爱莲,宋纪蓉等.氦、氖激光诱变细菌细胞及原生质体选育果胶酶高产菌株[J].光子学报,2005,34(11):1693-1696.
[67]贺建超,贺榆霞,王玛丽.双孢蘑菇单孢子杂交育种研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):18-19.
[68]刘振伟,史秀娟.灰树花杂交良种的选育[J].山东农业科学,2005,(1):27-28.
[69]Lee J H,Cho S M.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L.13202[J].Korcan J My-col,1995,23:325-331.
[70]Kim S W,Hwang H J,Park J P,et al.Mycelial growth and exobiopolymer production by submerged culture of various edible emnshrooms under different media[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2002,34(1):56-61.
[71]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide-s from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[72]林百全,余晓斌,洪玉涛.豆饼粉和玉米浆粉浓度对桑黄胞外多糖产量的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(11):56-59.
[73]林百全,余晓斌.利用SAS软件优化桑黄发酵培养基[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(11):84-86.
[74]李朔,丁一新,徐霁等.桑黄胞内多糖液体发酵培养基的优化[J].食品科学,2006,27(11):236-240.
[75]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[76]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌, 2006,25(3):49-52.
[77]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[78]贾建波,季彩宏.桑黄多糖高产菌株产糖营养条件优化[J].食品科技,2006(10):31-37.
[79]杨全,严寒静,李艳辉等.药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖提取工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2005,21(6):697-698.
[80]郭树凡,张慧丽,李昱等.桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究[J].食用菌学报,2006,13(4):49-52.
[81]吴琼,郑成,宁正祥等.碱溶性银耳粗多糖的提取及其清除自由基作用的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(6):153-155.
[82]杜敏华,田龙.杏鲍菇碱溶性多糖的酶法提取及其结构的初步分析[J].食品工业科技,2007,128(6):113-116.
[83]边洪荣,孙广利,张海岚.用正交试验法研究超声提取香菇多糖的最佳工艺[J].中药材,2006,29(3):289-291.
[84]李钟玉,张京东,李临生.超声波法提取灵芝多糖的研究[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(2):42-44.
[85]樊黎生,张声华,吴小刚.微波辅助提取黑木耳多糖的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(10):142-144.
[86]张艳荣,单玉玲,刘婷婷.微波萃取技术在姬松茸多糖提取中的应用[J].食品科学,2006,27(12):267-270.
[87]马淑凤,王利强,胡志超.酶法提取白灵菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):198-201.
[88]陈石良,孙震,谷文英.灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取及其抗肿瘤作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2000,19(4):336-339.
[89]韩春然,唐娟,马永强.黑木耳多糖的酶法提取、纯化及性质研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(2):53-55.
[90]王维香,王关林,方宏筠.复合酶解法提取裙带菜硫酸多糖的研究[J].食品科学,1999.11:26-29.
[91]马春,董秀萍,朱蓓薇.复合酶法提取姬松茸胞内多糖[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2005,24(3):195-198.
[92]刘安军,陈伟伟,王稳航等.桑黄(Phellinus linteus)水溶多糖提取技术研究[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(10):32-35.
[93]Staub A M.Removeal of Protein-sevag method[J].Methods in Carbohydrate Chemis-try,1965,5(2):5-6.
[1]何强泰,张李杨.大型真菌原生质体技术的研究与进展[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2001,17(12):47-50.
[2]祖元刚,于景华,唐中华等.植物叶片原生质体分离的可能机制[J].植物研究,2005,25(3):272-273.
[3]孙剑秋,周东坡.微生物原生质体技术[J].生物学通报,2002,37(7):9-11.
[4]翟中和,王喜忠,丁明孝.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,8-12.
[5]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,26。
[6]李刚,李宝健.灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究[J].菌物系统,1999,18(1):79-88.
[7]沙涛,张汉波,丁骅孙.松茸菌丝原生质体形成与再生条件的研究[J].生物技术,2001,11(2):11-14.
[8]谢宝贵,朱虎.银耳原生质体分离与再生条件优化研究[J].菌物系统,2003,22(4):574-578.
[9]韩业君,曹晖,陈明杰等.草菇原生质体制备与再生及诱变效应研究[J].食用菌学报,2004,11(2):1-6.
[10]薛平海,宫正,谢鲲鹏等.灰树花原生质体制备与再生条件的研究[J].食用菌,2004,(1):13-15.
[11]王波,唐利民,熊鹰等.双孢蘑菇原生质体分离与再生初探[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(2):215-216.
[12]刘敏,李娟,周波等.杏鲍菇原生质体制备与再生条件初探[J].生物技术,2005,15(1):54-55.
[13]江海涛.桑黄巨原生质体生物学特性及其功能性研究[硕士论文].保存地点:南京师范大学,2005.
[14]王传福.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002,112-114.
[15]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[16]邹勇,文成敬,唐贵群.几个因素对木霉菌株T-33产生厚垣孢子的影响[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(4):43-47.
[17]杨文博.微生物学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004,34-35.
[18]崔宗强,罗信昌.羊肚菌原生质体制备与再生[J].菌物系统,2003,22(3):498-501.
[19]刑来君,李明春.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,124-129.
[20]刘春辉,陈体强,林跃鑫.药用真菌桑黄的研究进展[J].菌物研究,2004,2(2):53-59.
[21]张志光,李东屏,邹寿长.丝状真菌原生质体技术的研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,1998.21(6):67-71.
[1]颜方贵.发酵微生物学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993,5-6.
[2]王传福.新编食用菌生产手册[M].郑州:中原农民出版社,2002,75-77.
[3]张志光.真菌原生质体技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,139-140.
[4]李刚,杨凡,李瑞雪等.原生质体紫外诱变选育灵芝新菌种的研究[J].微生物学报,2001,41(2):229-233.
[5]王澄澈,梁枝荣,苗艳芳.香菇原生质体诱变育种初报[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,28(3):36-39.
[6]金玲,武艳霞,周宗俊等.原生质体辐射诱变培育金针菇新菌株[J].园艺学报,2000,27(1):65-66.
[7]刘士旺,梁宗琦,刘爱英.羊肚菌原生质体诱变筛选高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株[J].菌物系统,1999,18(2):168-171.
[8]张渊,王谦,张筱梅.刺芹侧耳原生质体诱变育种初报[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(6):69-73.
[9]李刚,李宝健.灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究[J].菌物系统,1999,18(1):79-88.
[10]徐志祥,李刚,李宝健.灰树花紫外诱变育种研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(2):84-87.
[11]陈五岭,罗海峰,张小里.He-Ne激光诱变的香菇变异株遗传稳定性分[J].光子学报,2000,29(4):380-384.
[12]池玉杰,潘学仁.7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性[J].菌物系统,2001,20(3):378-380.
[13]何忠效,张树政.电泳[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,285-298.
[14]胡卫红,陈有为,李绍兰等.激光辐照微生物的研究概况[J].激光生物学报,1999.8(1):66-69.
[15]Ben-Dov N,Shefer G,Ifinitchev A.Low-energy laser irradiation affects satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1999,1448:372-380.
[16]阎隆飞,张玉麟.分子生物学[M].中国农业大学出版社,1997,129-131.
[17]杨业华.分子遗传学[M].中国农业出版社,2001,35-39.
[18]孙乃恩.分子遗传学[M].南京大学出版社,1990,137-185.
[19]李慧蓉,白腐真菌生物学和生物技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005,58.
[20]陈春涛,姚占芳.33个香菇栽培菌株的拮抗性测定及鉴定中的应用[J].中国食用菌,15(6):3-4.
[21]张松.食用菌[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000,39.
[1]刘波.中国药用真菌[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1974,71-72.
[2]温克,陈劲,李红等.桑黄等四种抗癌药物活性比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2002,28(3):247-249.
[3]Sasaki T,Fujii K,Sugura M,et al.A ntitumor polysaccharides from some poly poraceae,Ganderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat.and Phellinus linteus(Berk.& Curt.)Teng[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1971,19:821.
[4]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[5]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[6]林百全,余晓斌,洪玉涛.豆饼粉和玉米浆粉浓度对桑黄胞外多糖产量的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(11):56-59.
[7]林百全,余晓斌.利用SAS软件优化桑黄发酵培养基[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(11):84-86.
[8]李朔,丁一新,徐霁等.桑黄胞内多糖液体发酵培养基的优化[J].食品科学,2006.27(11):236-240.
[9]Lee J H,Cho S M.Effect of cultural conditions on polysaccharide production and its monosaccharide composition in Phellinus linteus L.13202[J],Korcan J My-col,1995,23:325-331.
[10]Kim S W,Hwang H J,Park J P,et al.Mycelial growth and exobiopolymer production by submerged culture of various edible emushrooms under different media[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2002,34(1):56-61.
[11]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopoly-saccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[12]戚雁飞.灵芝中灵芝多糖的含量测定研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(10):852-853.
[13]周存山,马海乐.条斑紫菜多糖的含量测定及其部分理化性质研究[J].食品科学,2006,27(2):38-42.
[14]朱彩平,张声华.枸杞子水提物中多糖含量的测定[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(6):111-113.
[15]冯怡,韩宁,徐德生.麦冬多糖含量测定方法的研究[J].中成药,2006,28(5):705-707.
[16]傅博强,谢明勇,聂少平.茶叶中多糖含量的测定[J].食品科学,2001,22(11):69-73.
[17]余晓雷,张可,郑旭霞.芦荟中多糖含量测定方法的探讨[J].营养学报,2003,25(2):149-152.
[18]罗毅,潘细贵,刘刚,等。苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量显色方式的优选[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,1.
[19]白秀峰.发酵工艺学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003,49.
[20]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):49-52.
[21]欧阳臻,李永辉,宿树兰.桑叶多糖的含量测定[J].食品科学,2003,24(11):118-120.
[22]李俊,韩向晖,李仲洪等.茯苓多糖的提取及含量测定[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2000,17(1):49-50.
[23]贾建波,季彩宏.桑黄多糖高产菌株产糖营养条件优化[J].食品科技,2006(10):31-37.
[24]王伟平,吴思方.红曲霉液态发酵生产红色素的培养基配方优选[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(4):71-74.
[25]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:360-366.
[26]徐锦堂.中国药用真菌学[M].北京:北京协和医科大,1997.235-252.
[27]刑来君,李明春.普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,50-51.
[28]向世华.食用真菌的营养生理[J].中国食用菌,1990,9(5):13-14.
[29]邓祖新.SAS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[1]戴玉成.药用担子菌-鲍氏层孔菌(桑黄)的新认识[J].中草药,2003,34(1):94-95.
[2]郑立军,王清,季俊虬等.药用真菌-桑黄的研究进展[J].现代中药研究与实践,2005,19(3):61-64.
[3]Hwang H J,Kim S W,Choi J W,et al.Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide-s from submerged culture of Phellinus linteus KCTC6190[J].Enzyme and Microbial Tec-hnology,2003,33:309-319.
[4]胡文彬,马海乐,周存山.桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):49-52.
[5]陈瑞蕊,施亚琴,林先贵等.珍稀药用真菌桑黄菌液体培养条件的初步研究[J].中国食用菌,2005,24(1):41-44.
[6]杨全,李艳辉,严寒静等.药用真菌桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(3):212-215.
[7]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72:48-54.
[8]Harding S E.The intrinsic viscosity of biological macromolecules.Progress in measurement,interpretation and application to structure in dilute solution[J].Prog Biophys Mol Biol,1997,68(2-3):207.
[9]Mandels M,Hontz L,Nystrom J,et al.Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cellulose[J].Biotechnol Bioeng,1974,16:1471-1493.
[10]燕红,杨谦,王希国.两株芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶的研究[J],林产化学与工业,2006,26(2):83-86.
[11]李慧蓉,白腐真菌生物学和生物技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005,34-35.
[12]何为,詹怀宇,王习文等.一种改进的漆酶酶活检测方法[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(12):46-50.
[13]Martinez M J,Ruiz F J,Guitlen F,et al.Purification and catalytic properties of two manganese peroxidase isoenzymes from Plwuratus eryngii[J].Eur J Biochem,1996,237:424-432.
[14]张龙翔,生化实验方法和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1985.
[15]刘炳明,曹德宾,于迎春等.杏鲍菇液体培养条件的研究[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(1):40-41.
[16]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:346-366.
[17]邓祖新.S AS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[18]李艳.发酵工业概论[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999,2-3.
[19]Bumpus J A,Tien M,Wright D,et al.Oxidation of Persistent Environmental Pollutants by a White Rot Fungus[J].Science,1985,228:1434-1436.
[20]Nagai M,Sato T,Watanabe H,et al.Purification and characterization of an extracellular lacase from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes and decolorization of chemically different dyes [J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2002,60:327-335.
[21]王佳玲,余惠生,付时雨等.白腐菌漆酶研究进展[J].微生物学通报,1998,25(4):233-236.
[22]诸葛健,王正祥.工业微生物实验技术手册[M].中国轻工业出版社,1994,134-136.
[23]白秀峰.发酵工艺学[M].中国医药科技出版社,2003,125-126.
[1]Kim H M,Han S B,Oh G T,et al.Stimulation of hurnoral and cell media- ted immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Int J Immunoph-armacol,1996,18(5):295-303.
[2]Sasaki T,Fujii K,Sugura M,et al.A ntitumor polysaccharides from some polyporaceae,Ganderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat.And Phellinus linteus(Berk.& Curt.)Teng[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1971,19:821.
[3]Han S B,Lee C W,Jeon Y J,et al.The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus linteus on tumor growth and metastasis[J].Immunopharmac-ology,1999,41(2):157-164.
[4]Kim G Y,Choi G S,Lee,S H,et al.Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,95(1):69-76.
[5]郑媛,沈业寿.桑黄胞内多糖抗衰老作用的研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):38-41.
[6]郑立军,沈业寿,季俊虬.桑黄胞内多糖的抗突变和抗氧化作用[J].癌变.畸变.突变,2006,18(6):0465-0468.
[7]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic,antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacol,2003,88(1):1132116.
[8]Kim G Y,Roh S I,Park S K,et al.Alleviation of Experimental Septic Shock in Mice by Acidic Polysaccharide Iso-lated from the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biological &Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2003,26(10):1418-1423.
[9]曹德宾,刘炳明.灵芝多糖水提醇提工艺初探[J].食用菌,2000(1):38.
[10]耿慧,梁忠岩等.碱提猴头发酵菌丝体水溶性多糖HPP的结构确定[J].分子科学学报,2004,20(2):31-34.
[11]沈爱英,谷文英.复合酶法提取姬松茸子实体多糖的研究[J].食用菌,2001(3):7-9.
[12]张海岚,边宏荣等.超声法提取香菇多糖的探讨[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2004(4)17:3148-3149.
[13]张虎,李凯.微波辅助浸提多糖[J].大连民族学院学报,2000(2)3:21-24.
[14]马淑凤,王利强,胡志超.酶法提取白灵菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):198-201.
[15]陈石良,孙震,谷文英.灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取及其抗肿瘤作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2000,19(4):336-339.
[16]韩春然,唐娟,马永强.黑木耳多糖的酶法提取、纯化及性质研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(2):53-55.
[17]王维香,王关林,方宏筠.复合酶解法提取裙带菜硫酸多糖的研究[J].食品科学,1999,11:26-29.
[18]马春,董秀萍,朱蓓薇.复合酶法提取姬松茸胞内多糖[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2005,24(3):195-198.
[19]杨全,严寒静,李艳辉等.药用真菌桑黄菌丝体多糖提取工艺的研究[J].广东药学院学报,2005,21(6):697-698.
[20]郭树凡,张慧丽,李昱等.桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究[J].食用菌学报,2006,13(4):49-52.
[21]刘安军,陈伟伟,王稳航等.桑黄(Phellinus linteus)水溶多糖提取技术研究[J].食品研究与开发,2006,127(10):32-35.
[24]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:346-366.
[25]邓祖新.SAS系统和数据分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,8.164-178.
[1]Kim,G Y,Choi G S,Lee,S H,et al.Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus enhances through the up-regulation of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peritoneal macrophages[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,95(1):69-76.
[2]郑媛,沈业寿.桑黄胞内多糖抗衰老作用的研究[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(3):38-41.
[3]Jang B S,Kim J C,Bae J S,et al.Extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii inhibit pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats[J].Biotechnol Lett,2004,26(1):31-33.
[4]Kim H M,Han S B,Oh G T,et al.Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Int.J.Immunopharmac,1996,18(5):295-303.
[5]Kim D H,Yang B K,et al.Production of a hypoglycemic,extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged culture of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Biotechnology Letters,2001(23):513-517.
[6]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(1):81-87.
[7]Lee J H,Cho S M,Song K S,et al.Immunostimulating activity and characterization of polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus linteus[J].Microbiol Biotechnol,1996,3:8-213.
[8]Kim G Y,Park H S,Nam B H,et al.Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Teng [J].Bioresource Technology,2003(89):81-87.
[9]梁忠岩,苗春艳,张翼伸.化学修饰对斜顶菌多糖抑瘤活性影响[J].中国药学杂志,1996,31(10):613-615.
[10]Harman D.Aging:a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry[J].Geron,11,1956,298-312.
[11]Pryor W A.The free radical theory of aging revisited:a critique and a suggested disease-specific theory.In Butler RN et al.Modern biological theory of aging[J].Raven Press,New York,1987,89.
[12]赵保路.氧自由基和衰老[J].自然杂志,1989,13:655-660.
[13]陈瑗,周枚主编.自由基医学基础与病理卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002,121.
[14]Song Y S,Kim S H,Sa J H,et al.Anti-angiogenic antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the mushroom Phellinus linteus[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,88(1):113-116.
[15]Harding S E.The intrinsic viscosity of biological macromolecules.Progress in measurement,interpretation and application to structure in dilute solution[J].Prog Biophys Mol Biol,1997,68(2-3):207
[16]Bao X F,Liu C P,Fang J N,et al.Structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderm a lucidum(Fr.)Karst[J].Carbohydrate Research,2001,332:67-74.
[17]Duan J Y,Zheng Y,Dong Q,et al.Structural analysis of a pectic polysaccharide from the leaves of Diospyros aki[J].Phytochemistry,Volume,2004,65:609-615.
[18]Amarowicz R,Naczk M,Shahidi F.Antioxidant activity of various fractions of non-tanin phenolics of canola hulls[J].Jagric Food Chem,2000,48:2755-2759.
[19]Smirnoff N,Cumbes Q J.Hyroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes[J].Phytochemistry,1989,28:1057-1060.
[20]Liu F,Ooi V E C,Chang S T.Free radicals scavenging activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts[J].Life Sci,1997,60:763-771.
[21]Carter P.Spectrophotometric deteimination of serunironat the submicrogramlevel with a new reagent(ferrozine)[J].Analyticalbiochemistry,1971,40:450-458.
[22]Oyaizu M.Studies on products of browning reactions:antioxidant activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine[J].J P J Nutr,1986,44:307-315.
[23]郑晶泉.抗氧化剂氧化研究进展[J].国外医学卫生学分册,2000,27(1):37-40.
[24]Halliwell B.The biological toxicity of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species.Free radicals and food additives[M].London:Taylor & Francis Ltd,1991,37-57.
[25]张万国,胡晋红,蔡溱等.桑黄抗大鼠肝纤维化与抗脂质过氧化[J].中成药,2002,24(4):281-283.
[26]郑立军,沈业寿,季俊虬等.桑黄胞内多糖的抗突变和抗氧化作用[J].癌变.畸变.突变,2006,18(6):465-468.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |