基于空间信息技术的城市应急管理系统研究
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摘要
我国正处在经济转轨、社会转型期,面临的矛盾错综复杂,随时随地都存在爆发各种突发公共事件的可能性。尤其是2001年的911事件和2003年的SARS之后,突发公共事件应急管理成为国内外广泛关注的一大热点问题。
空间信息技术和计算机网络等在内的信息技术近些年来在防灾减灾工作中起到了极其重要的支撑作用,尤其是应急管理系统的建设,为突发公共事件的应急处置和管理提供了一体化的信息技术支撑手段,但目前的城市应急管理系统仍存在一些问题:在架构上,缺乏对突发公共事件处理与服务的分布式特征考虑,难以实现应急管理中跨地区、跨部门联合行动的需要;在功能上,往往侧重于应急管理过程的某个或者某些环节,不能满足应急管理全过程、一体化的需要。
针对这些问题,本文探讨了涵盖从灾前防灾、灾中应急响应到灾后恢复等所有环节的完整的应急管理系统服务体系框架。并结合目前信息集成技术的最新发展,提出了一种基于Web services和元数据技术相结合的城市应急管理分布式异构信息共享技术方案,重点探讨了基于信息共享的应急管理系统的体系结构、分布式数据存储结构,服务框架和应用框架。
在此背景下,从避免重复投资建设和信息最大化共享的角度,提出了建立城市应急基础信息平台的思路,探讨了平台的设计和实现方法。并针对系统中共享的基础性关键技术进行研究。重点研究了空间信息服务平台技术,探讨了预缓存空间数据金字塔的构建与组织技术、预缓存空间信息服务实现技术;重点研究了报警终端位置获取的方式方法,研究并实现了支持多种移动终端的统一LBS定位服务平台。
最后,基于前述理论和技术方法的指导下,开展危险品安全和水环境应急管理系统两个示范项目的建设,取得了比较好的效果。这也验证了本文提出的理论和方法的可行性和可操作性。
During the turning period of economy and society, China is facing complicated contradictions. In such condition, it is a very challenging task for the government to guarantee public security. Emergency management has become a hot issue both inland and overseas, especially after the“911”incident in 2001 and SARS in 2003.
Recent applications of those information technologies such as spatial information technology and computer network and so on, in disaster mitigation and prevention have provided integrated and operational support for public emergency management, especially Emergency Management Information System (EMIS). Yet current EMISs in China could not satisfy the demand of emergency management for public emergency in some aspects. In the architectural aspect, those EMISs seldom considered the distribution character of information process and service in public emergency management, thus could not realize united decision support across different regions and departments. In functional aspect, they most concentrated on one or several steps of the overall process of emergency management, and could not meet the need of the whole process of public emergency management.
According to such problems, a comprehensive framework of emergency management information service system covering all steps of emergency management from mitigation to recover for public emergency was established. Then a technical solution to share the distributed heterogeneous data for emergency handling based on web service and metadata was put forward. More information about the solution was presented in detail, including the system structure, distributed data storage structure and application structure of the Emergency Management Information System.
In order to realize information sharing for EMISs, a basic information sharing platform was put forward and established. Some key fundamental technologies such as spatial information service platform technology, cached spatial information service technology and united LBS service platform technology were discussed and realized.
At last, two demonstration projects about emergency management for dangerous goods safety and water pollution prevention were developed under the direction of the theory and technical method discussed above. The result proved that the feasibility and Maneuverability of the theory and technical method above is good.
空间信息技术和计算机网络等在内的信息技术近些年来在防灾减灾工作中起到了极其重要的支撑作用,尤其是应急管理系统的建设,为突发公共事件的应急处置和管理提供了一体化的信息技术支撑手段,但目前的城市应急管理系统仍存在一些问题:在架构上,缺乏对突发公共事件处理与服务的分布式特征考虑,难以实现应急管理中跨地区、跨部门联合行动的需要;在功能上,往往侧重于应急管理过程的某个或者某些环节,不能满足应急管理全过程、一体化的需要。
针对这些问题,本文探讨了涵盖从灾前防灾、灾中应急响应到灾后恢复等所有环节的完整的应急管理系统服务体系框架。并结合目前信息集成技术的最新发展,提出了一种基于Web services和元数据技术相结合的城市应急管理分布式异构信息共享技术方案,重点探讨了基于信息共享的应急管理系统的体系结构、分布式数据存储结构,服务框架和应用框架。
在此背景下,从避免重复投资建设和信息最大化共享的角度,提出了建立城市应急基础信息平台的思路,探讨了平台的设计和实现方法。并针对系统中共享的基础性关键技术进行研究。重点研究了空间信息服务平台技术,探讨了预缓存空间数据金字塔的构建与组织技术、预缓存空间信息服务实现技术;重点研究了报警终端位置获取的方式方法,研究并实现了支持多种移动终端的统一LBS定位服务平台。
最后,基于前述理论和技术方法的指导下,开展危险品安全和水环境应急管理系统两个示范项目的建设,取得了比较好的效果。这也验证了本文提出的理论和方法的可行性和可操作性。
During the turning period of economy and society, China is facing complicated contradictions. In such condition, it is a very challenging task for the government to guarantee public security. Emergency management has become a hot issue both inland and overseas, especially after the“911”incident in 2001 and SARS in 2003.
Recent applications of those information technologies such as spatial information technology and computer network and so on, in disaster mitigation and prevention have provided integrated and operational support for public emergency management, especially Emergency Management Information System (EMIS). Yet current EMISs in China could not satisfy the demand of emergency management for public emergency in some aspects. In the architectural aspect, those EMISs seldom considered the distribution character of information process and service in public emergency management, thus could not realize united decision support across different regions and departments. In functional aspect, they most concentrated on one or several steps of the overall process of emergency management, and could not meet the need of the whole process of public emergency management.
According to such problems, a comprehensive framework of emergency management information service system covering all steps of emergency management from mitigation to recover for public emergency was established. Then a technical solution to share the distributed heterogeneous data for emergency handling based on web service and metadata was put forward. More information about the solution was presented in detail, including the system structure, distributed data storage structure and application structure of the Emergency Management Information System.
In order to realize information sharing for EMISs, a basic information sharing platform was put forward and established. Some key fundamental technologies such as spatial information service platform technology, cached spatial information service technology and united LBS service platform technology were discussed and realized.
At last, two demonstration projects about emergency management for dangerous goods safety and water pollution prevention were developed under the direction of the theory and technical method discussed above. The result proved that the feasibility and Maneuverability of the theory and technical method above is good.
引文
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