土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸盐下致密碳酸盐岩裂缝地震预测方法研究
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摘要
阿姆河右岸区块位于土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地查尔朱台阶的中西部，勘探开发目的层为上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩储层，研究区中部储层的主要为起伏状斜坡上发育的礁滩体，勘探开发难度不大；研究区东部山前带储层比较致密，以裂缝型储层为主，勘探开发难度较大。
本文利用东部山前阿盖雷构造的三维地震数据、测井、测试及岩心资料，在对碳酸盐岩的沉积背景和岩层特征分析的基础上，总结出准确解释碳酸盐岩层的顶界界面是裂缝研究的关键所在，为此，进行了地震层位的精确标定，再通过模型正演分析指导解释碳酸盐岩层，搞清构造细节，为应力场分析、VSP及叠前P波各向异性裂缝检测提供可靠的地震界面。
在构造搞清的情况下，利用Aga-23井的多方位非零偏VSP资料开展了裂缝检测研究。主要提取并分析了大量可用于检测裂缝的地震属性，包括：纵横波层速度、泊松比、纵横透过波能量、吸收衰减参数、Q值、频率、横波极化方向与旅行时差等，利用这些资料预测了Aga-23井井周裂缝发育方位为北北西方向，其次是北北东方向，与成像测井解释结果一致。
为了进一步从平面上预测裂缝的发育程度，在阿盖雷构造开展了叠前P波裂缝检测技术的应用研究。与一般的叠前P波裂缝检测不一样的地方在于，首先是关注地震CMP道集的质量，首先对道集资料开展叠前保幅宽频高分辨率处理，获得较好的道集资料。在利用道集资料开展分方位叠加处理，优选了方位频率属性进行裂缝密度、方位研究。
通过对VSP裂缝成果、叠前P波裂缝检测结果与成像测井资料进行对比，本次的研究成果是比较可靠的。结合三者的成果总结出研究区的裂缝发育规律，大部分为高角度裂缝，纵向上主要发育于XVa1层，平面上则分布于北部和西南部。应力场模拟结果表明在断裂发育带及构造高部位均有明显的异常，说明研究区主体构造应力集中，具备裂缝发育的良好条件；叠后相干技术预测表明阿盖雷构造主体相干异常带，主要为较大尺度裂缝的反映，分布在局限的断层附近；叠前裂缝检测异常带为较小尺度的高角度裂缝，在构造主体发育程度较高，且分布较广，预示该区具有较大的勘探潜力。
本论文对多方位非零偏VSP资料进行裂缝预测的方法进入了深入研究，首次将VSP与地面地震裂缝预测结合起来，使三维地震裂缝检测更为可靠，进一步扩展了地球物理裂缝预测与评价的新思路，为裂缝性储层勘探开发提供了更为可靠的技术手段，具有广阔的应用前景和推广应用价值。
The right block is located on the middle-west part of Chaerju tectonic zone ofArmu basin, Turkimanistan.The carbonate og Carluofu-Oxford formation is the majorexploration target, the reservoir at middle of the study area is mainly reef flatdevelopment of the ups and downs slopes which is not difficult for exploration; thereservoir at eastern mountain front part of the study area is relatively densification andis mainly fracture type which is difficult of exploration.
This article has developed studying on3D seismic data, well logging, testing andcore data of eastern mountain front part. Based on sedimentary environment and rockformation analysis of carbonate rock, we summarize that interpretation of the topboundary of carbonate rock formations exactly is the key point. Therefore, we didaccurate calibration of the seismic horizon and then through forward modelinganalysis to guide the interpretation of carbonate rock formations. It can makeconstruction details clear and provide reliable interface to stress field analysis, VSPand prestack P-wave anisotropic crack detection.
On the basis of clear construction details, we study of fracture detection throughmulti-azimuth nonzero partial VSP data of well Aga-23. We mainly extract andanalysis plenty of seismic attributes of crack detection, including: P-wave&S-waveinterval velocity, poisson ratio,the capacity of transmissiveP-wave&S-wave,absorption attenuation coefficient, Q value, frequency, direction ofpolarization of S-wave and travel-time difference etc.Base on these data,we forecastthe fracture development of CBIL of well Aga-23is mainly north-north-west secondlyare north-north-east,it is agreed with the imaging logging interpretation.
In order to forecast the degree of development of fracture we conducted aprestack P-wave crack detection technology application research in agaileistructure.What is different with normal prestack P-wave crack detection is that wefocus on CMP gather first.We first did prestack cover picture broadband HR processing gathers information to achieve a better gathers data then did azimuthoverlay treatment,optimizing the azimuth frequency attribute for the study of fracturedensity and azimuth.
Through the compare of the VSP cracks results, the crack detection based onprestack P-wave and the logging data, we have got a more reliable research results.Combined with the results of the three studies above, we can summarized that themajority of fracture were high angle fracture in this zone, and they were mainlylongitudinal developed in XVa1layer, and they were horizontal distributed in thenorth and southwest. Stress field modeling shows that in fracture development zoneand structural high position they all have obvious abnormal that means the main partof study area is stress concentration, this is a good conditions of fracture development;the post-stack coherent shows that agailei structural main portion coherent anomalyzone is mainly large scale fracture and distribute near a small amount of fault;anomaly belt of prestack fracture detection are small scale high angle fracture, it hashigh development degree and wide spread in constructor body,that indicated that thisarea has great exploration potential.
This article thorough studied of fracture detection through multi-azimuth nonzeropartial VSP data Combining VSP data and surface seismic fracture for the first time,it makes3D seismic fracture detection much more reliable, expands a new thinkingof fracture prediction and valuation, provides a more reliable technological mean forfractured reservoir exploration. It has extensive application prospect and valuation.
本文利用东部山前阿盖雷构造的三维地震数据、测井、测试及岩心资料，在对碳酸盐岩的沉积背景和岩层特征分析的基础上，总结出准确解释碳酸盐岩层的顶界界面是裂缝研究的关键所在，为此，进行了地震层位的精确标定，再通过模型正演分析指导解释碳酸盐岩层，搞清构造细节，为应力场分析、VSP及叠前P波各向异性裂缝检测提供可靠的地震界面。
在构造搞清的情况下，利用Aga-23井的多方位非零偏VSP资料开展了裂缝检测研究。主要提取并分析了大量可用于检测裂缝的地震属性，包括：纵横波层速度、泊松比、纵横透过波能量、吸收衰减参数、Q值、频率、横波极化方向与旅行时差等，利用这些资料预测了Aga-23井井周裂缝发育方位为北北西方向，其次是北北东方向，与成像测井解释结果一致。
为了进一步从平面上预测裂缝的发育程度，在阿盖雷构造开展了叠前P波裂缝检测技术的应用研究。与一般的叠前P波裂缝检测不一样的地方在于，首先是关注地震CMP道集的质量，首先对道集资料开展叠前保幅宽频高分辨率处理，获得较好的道集资料。在利用道集资料开展分方位叠加处理，优选了方位频率属性进行裂缝密度、方位研究。
通过对VSP裂缝成果、叠前P波裂缝检测结果与成像测井资料进行对比，本次的研究成果是比较可靠的。结合三者的成果总结出研究区的裂缝发育规律，大部分为高角度裂缝，纵向上主要发育于XVa1层，平面上则分布于北部和西南部。应力场模拟结果表明在断裂发育带及构造高部位均有明显的异常，说明研究区主体构造应力集中，具备裂缝发育的良好条件；叠后相干技术预测表明阿盖雷构造主体相干异常带，主要为较大尺度裂缝的反映，分布在局限的断层附近；叠前裂缝检测异常带为较小尺度的高角度裂缝，在构造主体发育程度较高，且分布较广，预示该区具有较大的勘探潜力。
本论文对多方位非零偏VSP资料进行裂缝预测的方法进入了深入研究，首次将VSP与地面地震裂缝预测结合起来，使三维地震裂缝检测更为可靠，进一步扩展了地球物理裂缝预测与评价的新思路，为裂缝性储层勘探开发提供了更为可靠的技术手段，具有广阔的应用前景和推广应用价值。
The right block is located on the middle-west part of Chaerju tectonic zone ofArmu basin, Turkimanistan.The carbonate og Carluofu-Oxford formation is the majorexploration target, the reservoir at middle of the study area is mainly reef flatdevelopment of the ups and downs slopes which is not difficult for exploration; thereservoir at eastern mountain front part of the study area is relatively densification andis mainly fracture type which is difficult of exploration.
This article has developed studying on3D seismic data, well logging, testing andcore data of eastern mountain front part. Based on sedimentary environment and rockformation analysis of carbonate rock, we summarize that interpretation of the topboundary of carbonate rock formations exactly is the key point. Therefore, we didaccurate calibration of the seismic horizon and then through forward modelinganalysis to guide the interpretation of carbonate rock formations. It can makeconstruction details clear and provide reliable interface to stress field analysis, VSPand prestack P-wave anisotropic crack detection.
On the basis of clear construction details, we study of fracture detection throughmulti-azimuth nonzero partial VSP data of well Aga-23. We mainly extract andanalysis plenty of seismic attributes of crack detection, including: P-wave&S-waveinterval velocity, poisson ratio,the capacity of transmissiveP-wave&S-wave,absorption attenuation coefficient, Q value, frequency, direction ofpolarization of S-wave and travel-time difference etc.Base on these data,we forecastthe fracture development of CBIL of well Aga-23is mainly north-north-west secondlyare north-north-east,it is agreed with the imaging logging interpretation.
In order to forecast the degree of development of fracture we conducted aprestack P-wave crack detection technology application research in agaileistructure.What is different with normal prestack P-wave crack detection is that wefocus on CMP gather first.We first did prestack cover picture broadband HR processing gathers information to achieve a better gathers data then did azimuthoverlay treatment,optimizing the azimuth frequency attribute for the study of fracturedensity and azimuth.
Through the compare of the VSP cracks results, the crack detection based onprestack P-wave and the logging data, we have got a more reliable research results.Combined with the results of the three studies above, we can summarized that themajority of fracture were high angle fracture in this zone, and they were mainlylongitudinal developed in XVa1layer, and they were horizontal distributed in thenorth and southwest. Stress field modeling shows that in fracture development zoneand structural high position they all have obvious abnormal that means the main partof study area is stress concentration, this is a good conditions of fracture development;the post-stack coherent shows that agailei structural main portion coherent anomalyzone is mainly large scale fracture and distribute near a small amount of fault;anomaly belt of prestack fracture detection are small scale high angle fracture, it hashigh development degree and wide spread in constructor body,that indicated that thisarea has great exploration potential.
This article thorough studied of fracture detection through multi-azimuth nonzeropartial VSP data Combining VSP data and surface seismic fracture for the first time,it makes3D seismic fracture detection much more reliable, expands a new thinkingof fracture prediction and valuation, provides a more reliable technological mean forfractured reservoir exploration. It has extensive application prospect and valuation.
引文
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