非均质油藏水驱流体动力地质作用及四维地质模型研究
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摘要
针对胡状集油田胡12块严重非均质油藏，采用实验和生产现场分析相结合的方法，重点针对优势渗流通道研究了注水开发过程中的流体动力地质作用，建立了油藏四维地质模型。
储层结构是储层非均质性研究的重要内容，对剩余油的形成与分布的控制作用明显。依据目的层的地质演化过程，可将储层结构划分为九级，并在此基础上对厚油层开展研究。对胡12块沙三段而言，纵向上厚油层砂体发育，主要是由多期水下分流河道叠置形成，层内非均质性严重，通过河道底部的冲刷面和泥质、钙质等六级结构面可以将单期河道划分开；横向上砂体具片状展布的特征，是多期河道纵向切叠、横向拼合的结果。
由于长期注水开发使储层微观结构发生变化并持续性改善其渗流能力，在油藏内形成流体优势渗流通道，进而影响油田的后期开发以及剩余油的形成与分布。本文建立了定量识别严重非均质条件下油藏内部优势渗流通道发育区的综合判别参数法。研究结果表明，综合判别参数越大则优势渗流通道越发育，而不同的注、采井被优势渗流通道沟通后呈现的特征也有所差别，注水井具低注水压力和高注水量的特点，而采油井表现为高采液量和特高含水。
针对注水开发过程中的流体动力地质作用的研究结果表明，酸性介质条件的化学动力作用加速了碎屑组分中的长石类矿物，尤其是斜长石的溶蚀，同时生成了新的高岭石晶体并分布于细小孔喉，但对碳酸盐类矿物的影响较小。注水冲刷等物理动力地质作用造成了储集层泥质矿物总量的降低和粉砂-极细砂级石英颗粒的缺失，且主要发生在物性较好且优势渗流通道较发育的层段，而物性较差层段的细粒沉积物含量不仅没降低，反而小幅增加。在储集层孔喉变化方面，注水开发一方面造成了相对较大孔喉的增加，改善了储集层的渗滤条件，另一方面，也造成了孔喉分选程度的降低，加剧了储集层微观非均质性。从储集层孔隙度、渗透率等宏观参数变化来看，注水开发致使储集层总体的平均有效孔隙度降低4.63%，而总体平均有效渗透率上升幅度为8.93%，原始储集层物性好和较差等不同类型储集层间的物性变化呈现出了明显的“马太效应”。
以油藏宏观物性参数动态模型为依据，计算了油藏内部不同类型储层在不同开发阶段的储层物性参数，以此为基础，采用确定性建模和随机建模相结合的方法，建立了油藏在不同开发阶段的三维地质模型。该模型在三维立体空间较好地再现了不同时期、不同类型储层的物性变化特征。
采用油藏动态分析的方法对胡12块剩余油分布进行了研究，通过将研究成果与生产实践相结合，在胡12块取得了较好的应用效果。
Hu12Block of Huzhuangji oilfield is a typical serious heterogeneity reservoir.The hydrodynamic geology effect was studied by using the combined method of theexperimental research and production analysis. A4-D geological model wasestablished.
A nine-order classification scheme was proposed to analyze the architectureelements of Es3reservoir of Huzhuangji oilfield, and this scheme is suitable to thescheme of stratigraphic division. Research results indicate that all thick sandbodieshave actually been superimposed by multiphase subaqueous distributary channels,which can be divided by erosional surface, argillaceous or calcic constructionalsurfaces. Thick sandbodies and the channel sandbodies thought to be flakydistribution are vertically superimposed and laterally connected by single sandbodies.
Many chanelling paths had formed during long term production. Based on thestatic parameters, production performances and test data, a kind of quantitativemethod by the integrated discrimination exponent was put forward to identify thechanneling paths developed area of reservoirs by using commingled injection andproduction. Studies show that channeling paths would have been formed if theintegrated discrimination exponent is bigger. Among the wells, which are connectedby channeling paths, injectors have the characters of low injection pressure and highwater injection rate and the producers have the characters of high liquid producingcapacity and extra water cut.
The chemical power of the acidic medium accelerated the dissolution ofplagioclase, and at the same time new kaolin crystals generated and distributed in the small pore throat. The chemical power has less impact on the carbonate minerals. Thephysical power of the injected water caused the reducing of the total content ofargillaceous minerals and the loss of quartz grains including the size from silt to veryfine, further analysis indicated this occured in layers of better physical and channelingpaths developed, and the content of fine-grained sediments in worse physical layersincreased slightly. Waterflood development has resulted in the increase of the largepore-throat, and the improvement of the penetration condition of reservoir. At thesame time, its effect also caused the reduction of the pore throat sorting and theaggravation of micro-heterogeneity of reservoir. From the macroscopic parameterschange of the reservoir, waterflood development caused the average effective porosityreduce by4.63%, while the overall average effective permeability increased by8.93%.As a whole, the physical changes of the different types reservoirs were showing the“Matthew Effect”. The research about hydrodynamic geology effect duringwaterflooding on serious heterogeneity character reservoir can provide a solidfoundation for reservoir management and enhancing oil recovery.
Reservoir macroscopic parameters about different reservoir in the variousdevelopment stages have been caculated according the dynamic predicting model.Based on these parameters, a4-D geological model was established by combination ofdeterministic modeling and stochastic modeling approach. These three-dimensionmodels reproduced the physical changes characteristic of the different reservoirs indifferent periods.
The remaining oil distribution of H12block was researched by productionperformance analysis. The practice of research result has achieved a better effect.
储层结构是储层非均质性研究的重要内容，对剩余油的形成与分布的控制作用明显。依据目的层的地质演化过程，可将储层结构划分为九级，并在此基础上对厚油层开展研究。对胡12块沙三段而言，纵向上厚油层砂体发育，主要是由多期水下分流河道叠置形成，层内非均质性严重，通过河道底部的冲刷面和泥质、钙质等六级结构面可以将单期河道划分开；横向上砂体具片状展布的特征，是多期河道纵向切叠、横向拼合的结果。
由于长期注水开发使储层微观结构发生变化并持续性改善其渗流能力，在油藏内形成流体优势渗流通道，进而影响油田的后期开发以及剩余油的形成与分布。本文建立了定量识别严重非均质条件下油藏内部优势渗流通道发育区的综合判别参数法。研究结果表明，综合判别参数越大则优势渗流通道越发育，而不同的注、采井被优势渗流通道沟通后呈现的特征也有所差别，注水井具低注水压力和高注水量的特点，而采油井表现为高采液量和特高含水。
针对注水开发过程中的流体动力地质作用的研究结果表明，酸性介质条件的化学动力作用加速了碎屑组分中的长石类矿物，尤其是斜长石的溶蚀，同时生成了新的高岭石晶体并分布于细小孔喉，但对碳酸盐类矿物的影响较小。注水冲刷等物理动力地质作用造成了储集层泥质矿物总量的降低和粉砂-极细砂级石英颗粒的缺失，且主要发生在物性较好且优势渗流通道较发育的层段，而物性较差层段的细粒沉积物含量不仅没降低，反而小幅增加。在储集层孔喉变化方面，注水开发一方面造成了相对较大孔喉的增加，改善了储集层的渗滤条件，另一方面，也造成了孔喉分选程度的降低，加剧了储集层微观非均质性。从储集层孔隙度、渗透率等宏观参数变化来看，注水开发致使储集层总体的平均有效孔隙度降低4.63%，而总体平均有效渗透率上升幅度为8.93%，原始储集层物性好和较差等不同类型储集层间的物性变化呈现出了明显的“马太效应”。
以油藏宏观物性参数动态模型为依据，计算了油藏内部不同类型储层在不同开发阶段的储层物性参数，以此为基础，采用确定性建模和随机建模相结合的方法，建立了油藏在不同开发阶段的三维地质模型。该模型在三维立体空间较好地再现了不同时期、不同类型储层的物性变化特征。
采用油藏动态分析的方法对胡12块剩余油分布进行了研究，通过将研究成果与生产实践相结合，在胡12块取得了较好的应用效果。
Hu12Block of Huzhuangji oilfield is a typical serious heterogeneity reservoir.The hydrodynamic geology effect was studied by using the combined method of theexperimental research and production analysis. A4-D geological model wasestablished.
A nine-order classification scheme was proposed to analyze the architectureelements of Es3reservoir of Huzhuangji oilfield, and this scheme is suitable to thescheme of stratigraphic division. Research results indicate that all thick sandbodieshave actually been superimposed by multiphase subaqueous distributary channels,which can be divided by erosional surface, argillaceous or calcic constructionalsurfaces. Thick sandbodies and the channel sandbodies thought to be flakydistribution are vertically superimposed and laterally connected by single sandbodies.
Many chanelling paths had formed during long term production. Based on thestatic parameters, production performances and test data, a kind of quantitativemethod by the integrated discrimination exponent was put forward to identify thechanneling paths developed area of reservoirs by using commingled injection andproduction. Studies show that channeling paths would have been formed if theintegrated discrimination exponent is bigger. Among the wells, which are connectedby channeling paths, injectors have the characters of low injection pressure and highwater injection rate and the producers have the characters of high liquid producingcapacity and extra water cut.
The chemical power of the acidic medium accelerated the dissolution ofplagioclase, and at the same time new kaolin crystals generated and distributed in the small pore throat. The chemical power has less impact on the carbonate minerals. Thephysical power of the injected water caused the reducing of the total content ofargillaceous minerals and the loss of quartz grains including the size from silt to veryfine, further analysis indicated this occured in layers of better physical and channelingpaths developed, and the content of fine-grained sediments in worse physical layersincreased slightly. Waterflood development has resulted in the increase of the largepore-throat, and the improvement of the penetration condition of reservoir. At thesame time, its effect also caused the reduction of the pore throat sorting and theaggravation of micro-heterogeneity of reservoir. From the macroscopic parameterschange of the reservoir, waterflood development caused the average effective porosityreduce by4.63%, while the overall average effective permeability increased by8.93%.As a whole, the physical changes of the different types reservoirs were showing the“Matthew Effect”. The research about hydrodynamic geology effect duringwaterflooding on serious heterogeneity character reservoir can provide a solidfoundation for reservoir management and enhancing oil recovery.
Reservoir macroscopic parameters about different reservoir in the variousdevelopment stages have been caculated according the dynamic predicting model.Based on these parameters, a4-D geological model was established by combination ofdeterministic modeling and stochastic modeling approach. These three-dimensionmodels reproduced the physical changes characteristic of the different reservoirs indifferent periods.
The remaining oil distribution of H12block was researched by productionperformance analysis. The practice of research result has achieved a better effect.
引文
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