高粘度酸液酸岩反应动力学行为研究
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摘要
世界碳酸盐岩储层酸化压裂改造技术经过50余年的研究和发展,形成了以控制酸液滤失、降低酸岩反应速率为目的的多种深度酸压改造技术,不同类型的高粘度酸液体系已广泛应用于这些深度酸压改造技术中。地层裂缝中高粘度酸液与岩石发生的化学反应直接决定了酸蚀有效作用距离和酸蚀裂缝导流能力,因此高粘度酸液体系的酸岩反应是深度酸压改造的核心研究内容,对预测酸压改造效果和指导工艺方案设计有重要意义。
目前在酸岩反应研究中粘度对酸岩反应影响机理方面的研究较少,不同粘度酸液的酸岩反应规律认识较浅显。这是由于高粘度酸液体系的液体类型、流态特征以及反应过程与常规低粘度酸液具有较大的差异,使用常规的实验方式进行测试时,模拟的酸岩反应与地层实际情况差异较大,且获取的数据结果误差较大。因此,有必要设计和研发一套针对高粘度酸液酸岩反应动力学行为研究的实验方法,同时深入研究粘度对酸岩反应的影响机理及相关规律,建立考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型。
本文从酸岩反应模拟室内实验方法研究出发,对比分析了常规酸岩反应模拟实验在测试高粘度酸液体系时的适应性,在此基础上建立了一套适用于高粘度酸液酸岩反应动力学研究的实验方法,进行不同粘度酸液酸岩反应规律实验研究。结合流体力学、化学反应动力学等理论和相关原理,研究粘度对酸岩反应的影响机理,获得酸液粘度与传质系数的关系式,建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学模型,应用该模型分析了地层裂缝中不同粘度酸液的H-传质系数和酸岩反应速率分布规律以及酸蚀有效作用距离。通过论文的研究,主要取得了以下成果：
1、系统研究了常规酸岩反应模拟实验方法,结合化学反应工程学理论和搅拌原理,设计并研发了一种不同粘度酸液体系酸岩反应模拟实验新方法,通过室内实验研究了酸浓度、温度及流速与不同粘度酸液酸岩反应速率之间的相关关系规律；
2、结合普朗特边界层理论,分析并建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中边界层分布与酸液粘度之间的关系,模拟计算了酸液在地层裂缝中的边界层分布与流态情况,界定了旋转圆盘实验方式适用的酸液粘度；
3、结合碰撞理论与扩散反应动力学原理中H+扩散系数与溶液粘度的关系,利用化工原理中的基础实验值,拟合获得H+扩散系数与酸液粘度、温度和浓度的关系式；
4、基于质量传递理论中双膜传质模型的相关原理,建立了地层裂缝、酸岩反应实验中层流、湍流对流传质系数与粘度关系的数学模型,通过模拟计算分析了酸液粘度、排量、缝宽及酸液流态对H+传质系数的影响；
5、研究了地层裂缝与酸岩反应实验中的酸岩反应机理,结合H+传质系数方程与化学反应动力学理论,建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型；
6、通过幂律流体表观粘度与地层裂缝流动的剪切速率分析,结合粘度与剪切时间的拟合关系式,获得地层裂缝中酸液粘度变化规律。应用考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型,模拟计算不同粘度酸液H+传质系数和酸岩反应速率沿地层裂缝长度方向上的分布规律,评价了酸液排量与粘度变化对酸蚀有效作用距离的影响。
本文研究旨在建立适用于高粘度酸液酸岩反应模拟的实验方法,探索高粘度酸液的酸岩反应机理,建立粘度与酸岩反应的相关规律,完善高粘度酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学基础理论。无论是对于推动碳酸盐岩油气藏酸化压裂基础理论的发展,还是对于提高碳酸盐岩储层高粘度酸液深度酸压技术应用效果均有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
After more than50years of research and development, a variety of carbonatereservoir deep-acid-fracturing technologies with purpose of controlling acid fluid loss,reducing the acid-rock reaction rate are formed in the world. Different types ofhigh-viscosity acid systems have been widely used in the deep acid fracturingtechnology. The chemical reaction between high viscosity acid and rock directlydetermines the etching effective distance and etching fracture conductivity ability. Sothe acid-rock reaction of high-viscosity acid system is the core research ofdeep-acid-fracturing technology and it is important to predict the effect of acidfracturing and guidance technology program.
There are few studies on the mechanism of the viscosity influence on theacid-rock reaction in currently, and the understanding of acid-rock reaction withdifferent viscosity acids is elementary. It is because the type of liquid, thecharacteristics of the flow pattern and acid-rock reaction of high-viscosity acid systemis quite different from conventional low-viscosity acid system. When usingconventional experimental test, the simulation acid-rock reaction result is quitedifferent from the actual situation, and the results are usually error. Therefore, invent anew experimental method that suits for the kinetic behavior of high-viscosity acidacid-rock reaction is very necessary. Meanwhile, study on the viscosity influence onthe acid-rock reaction mechanism and related laws so as to establish a consideringacid viscosity acid-rock reaction kinetic theory model.
Based on the indoor experimental simulation of acid-rock reaction with thehigh-viscosity acid system, by the analysis of the adaptability, this paper established anew experimental method suits for the kinetic behavior of high-viscosity acidacid-rock reaction which can use for the different viscosity acids acid-rock reaction study.
Combining theory and principles of fluid mechanics, chemical reaction kinetics,this paper researches viscosity influence mechanism of the acid-rock reaction andobtains the acid viscosity and mass transfer coefficient relationship to establish twoacid-rock reaction kinetic models considering acid viscosity in the reservoir fractureand the acid-rock reaction experiment. This paper also analyze the H~+mass transfercoefficient and acid-rock reaction rate distribution law and the effective etchingdistance in reservoir fracture by using the model. The study results in this paper are asfollows:
1. Systematic study of the conventional acid-rock reaction simulationexperimental methods, combining the chemical reaction engineering theory andmixing principle, this paper designed and developed a new different viscosity acidssystem acid-rock reaction simulation experimental method. Based on the method, thispaper studies the correlation law between the acid concentration, temperature andflow rate with different viscosity acids acid-rock reaction rate by laboratoryexperiments.
2. Binding the Prandtl boundary layer theory to establish the relationship of theformation fractures and acid-rock reaction experimental boundary layer distributionand the acid viscosity. Simulate the distribution and flow pattern of acid in theformation fracture boundary layer and define the applicable acid viscosity for therotating disk experiments.
3. Combined with collision theory of reaction and diffusion kinetics theory of H~+diffusion coefficient and solution viscosity relationship, using the basis experimentalvalues in chemical principle, the relational expression between H~+diffusioncoefficient and acid viscosity, temperature and concentration was obtained.
4. Based on double membrane mass transfer principle of mass transfer theory, themathematical model of Laminar and turbulent with convective mass transfercoefficient and viscosity relationship in formation fractures, acid-rock reactionexperiments was established. Calculate and analyze the acid viscosity, acid emission,fracture width and acid flow pattern influence on H~+mass transfer coefficient bysimulating.
5. Study on the acid-rock reaction mechanism of the formation fractures andacid-rock reaction experiments, combined with H~+mass transfer coefficient equationchemical reaction kinetics theory, establish the acid-rock reaction considering the acidviscosity kinetics theory model of formation fractures and acid-rock reaction simulation experiment.
6. By the analysis of the apparent viscosity of power law fluid and the formationfracture flow shear rate, via viscosity and shear time fitting relational expression toobtain the acid viscosity variation law in the formation fractures. Application of theconsidering acid viscosity acid-rock reaction kinetics theoretical model to simulatedifferent viscosity acid H~+mass transfer coefficient and acid-rock reaction rate alongthe fracture length direction distribution and to evaluate the impact of the acidemission with the viscosity change of the effective role of the etching distance.
The purpose of this paper is to invent a simulation experimental method suitablefor the high-viscosity acid acid-rock reaction, to explore high-viscosity acid acid-rockreaction mechanism, to establish the relationship law of acid viscosity and acid-rockreaction and to perfect the high-viscosity acid system acid-rock reaction dynamicsbasic theory. Whether it is for the promotion of the development of the basic theory ofacid fracturing of carbonate reservoirs, or for improving the deep-acid-fracturingtechnology application effect of the carbonate reservoirs with high viscosity acid, it isof important theoretical and practical significance.
目前在酸岩反应研究中粘度对酸岩反应影响机理方面的研究较少,不同粘度酸液的酸岩反应规律认识较浅显。这是由于高粘度酸液体系的液体类型、流态特征以及反应过程与常规低粘度酸液具有较大的差异,使用常规的实验方式进行测试时,模拟的酸岩反应与地层实际情况差异较大,且获取的数据结果误差较大。因此,有必要设计和研发一套针对高粘度酸液酸岩反应动力学行为研究的实验方法,同时深入研究粘度对酸岩反应的影响机理及相关规律,建立考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型。
本文从酸岩反应模拟室内实验方法研究出发,对比分析了常规酸岩反应模拟实验在测试高粘度酸液体系时的适应性,在此基础上建立了一套适用于高粘度酸液酸岩反应动力学研究的实验方法,进行不同粘度酸液酸岩反应规律实验研究。结合流体力学、化学反应动力学等理论和相关原理,研究粘度对酸岩反应的影响机理,获得酸液粘度与传质系数的关系式,建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学模型,应用该模型分析了地层裂缝中不同粘度酸液的H-传质系数和酸岩反应速率分布规律以及酸蚀有效作用距离。通过论文的研究,主要取得了以下成果：
1、系统研究了常规酸岩反应模拟实验方法,结合化学反应工程学理论和搅拌原理,设计并研发了一种不同粘度酸液体系酸岩反应模拟实验新方法,通过室内实验研究了酸浓度、温度及流速与不同粘度酸液酸岩反应速率之间的相关关系规律；
2、结合普朗特边界层理论,分析并建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中边界层分布与酸液粘度之间的关系,模拟计算了酸液在地层裂缝中的边界层分布与流态情况,界定了旋转圆盘实验方式适用的酸液粘度；
3、结合碰撞理论与扩散反应动力学原理中H+扩散系数与溶液粘度的关系,利用化工原理中的基础实验值,拟合获得H+扩散系数与酸液粘度、温度和浓度的关系式；
4、基于质量传递理论中双膜传质模型的相关原理,建立了地层裂缝、酸岩反应实验中层流、湍流对流传质系数与粘度关系的数学模型,通过模拟计算分析了酸液粘度、排量、缝宽及酸液流态对H+传质系数的影响；
5、研究了地层裂缝与酸岩反应实验中的酸岩反应机理,结合H+传质系数方程与化学反应动力学理论,建立了地层裂缝和酸岩反应实验中考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型；
6、通过幂律流体表观粘度与地层裂缝流动的剪切速率分析,结合粘度与剪切时间的拟合关系式,获得地层裂缝中酸液粘度变化规律。应用考虑酸液粘度的酸岩反应动力学理论模型,模拟计算不同粘度酸液H+传质系数和酸岩反应速率沿地层裂缝长度方向上的分布规律,评价了酸液排量与粘度变化对酸蚀有效作用距离的影响。
本文研究旨在建立适用于高粘度酸液酸岩反应模拟的实验方法,探索高粘度酸液的酸岩反应机理,建立粘度与酸岩反应的相关规律,完善高粘度酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学基础理论。无论是对于推动碳酸盐岩油气藏酸化压裂基础理论的发展,还是对于提高碳酸盐岩储层高粘度酸液深度酸压技术应用效果均有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
After more than50years of research and development, a variety of carbonatereservoir deep-acid-fracturing technologies with purpose of controlling acid fluid loss,reducing the acid-rock reaction rate are formed in the world. Different types ofhigh-viscosity acid systems have been widely used in the deep acid fracturingtechnology. The chemical reaction between high viscosity acid and rock directlydetermines the etching effective distance and etching fracture conductivity ability. Sothe acid-rock reaction of high-viscosity acid system is the core research ofdeep-acid-fracturing technology and it is important to predict the effect of acidfracturing and guidance technology program.
There are few studies on the mechanism of the viscosity influence on theacid-rock reaction in currently, and the understanding of acid-rock reaction withdifferent viscosity acids is elementary. It is because the type of liquid, thecharacteristics of the flow pattern and acid-rock reaction of high-viscosity acid systemis quite different from conventional low-viscosity acid system. When usingconventional experimental test, the simulation acid-rock reaction result is quitedifferent from the actual situation, and the results are usually error. Therefore, invent anew experimental method that suits for the kinetic behavior of high-viscosity acidacid-rock reaction is very necessary. Meanwhile, study on the viscosity influence onthe acid-rock reaction mechanism and related laws so as to establish a consideringacid viscosity acid-rock reaction kinetic theory model.
Based on the indoor experimental simulation of acid-rock reaction with thehigh-viscosity acid system, by the analysis of the adaptability, this paper established anew experimental method suits for the kinetic behavior of high-viscosity acidacid-rock reaction which can use for the different viscosity acids acid-rock reaction study.
Combining theory and principles of fluid mechanics, chemical reaction kinetics,this paper researches viscosity influence mechanism of the acid-rock reaction andobtains the acid viscosity and mass transfer coefficient relationship to establish twoacid-rock reaction kinetic models considering acid viscosity in the reservoir fractureand the acid-rock reaction experiment. This paper also analyze the H~+mass transfercoefficient and acid-rock reaction rate distribution law and the effective etchingdistance in reservoir fracture by using the model. The study results in this paper are asfollows:
1. Systematic study of the conventional acid-rock reaction simulationexperimental methods, combining the chemical reaction engineering theory andmixing principle, this paper designed and developed a new different viscosity acidssystem acid-rock reaction simulation experimental method. Based on the method, thispaper studies the correlation law between the acid concentration, temperature andflow rate with different viscosity acids acid-rock reaction rate by laboratoryexperiments.
2. Binding the Prandtl boundary layer theory to establish the relationship of theformation fractures and acid-rock reaction experimental boundary layer distributionand the acid viscosity. Simulate the distribution and flow pattern of acid in theformation fracture boundary layer and define the applicable acid viscosity for therotating disk experiments.
3. Combined with collision theory of reaction and diffusion kinetics theory of H~+diffusion coefficient and solution viscosity relationship, using the basis experimentalvalues in chemical principle, the relational expression between H~+diffusioncoefficient and acid viscosity, temperature and concentration was obtained.
4. Based on double membrane mass transfer principle of mass transfer theory, themathematical model of Laminar and turbulent with convective mass transfercoefficient and viscosity relationship in formation fractures, acid-rock reactionexperiments was established. Calculate and analyze the acid viscosity, acid emission,fracture width and acid flow pattern influence on H~+mass transfer coefficient bysimulating.
5. Study on the acid-rock reaction mechanism of the formation fractures andacid-rock reaction experiments, combined with H~+mass transfer coefficient equationchemical reaction kinetics theory, establish the acid-rock reaction considering the acidviscosity kinetics theory model of formation fractures and acid-rock reaction simulation experiment.
6. By the analysis of the apparent viscosity of power law fluid and the formationfracture flow shear rate, via viscosity and shear time fitting relational expression toobtain the acid viscosity variation law in the formation fractures. Application of theconsidering acid viscosity acid-rock reaction kinetics theoretical model to simulatedifferent viscosity acid H~+mass transfer coefficient and acid-rock reaction rate alongthe fracture length direction distribution and to evaluate the impact of the acidemission with the viscosity change of the effective role of the etching distance.
The purpose of this paper is to invent a simulation experimental method suitablefor the high-viscosity acid acid-rock reaction, to explore high-viscosity acid acid-rockreaction mechanism, to establish the relationship law of acid viscosity and acid-rockreaction and to perfect the high-viscosity acid system acid-rock reaction dynamicsbasic theory. Whether it is for the promotion of the development of the basic theory ofacid fracturing of carbonate reservoirs, or for improving the deep-acid-fracturingtechnology application effect of the carbonate reservoirs with high viscosity acid, it isof important theoretical and practical significance.
引文
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