污水生物处理过程建模、优化与控制研究
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摘要
基于活性污泥法的污水生物处理是利用微生物去除污水中有机污染物的一种有效方法,是当前有机污水处理,特别是城市生活污水处理的主要途径。其过程是一个外界干扰强烈、时变性强、耦合性强、非线性的复杂动态生物化学过程。由于微生物在污水中的生存规律及所依赖的条件还没有被完全认识,现场试验又周期长、成本高,因此利用基于复杂机理建立模型的计算机仿真方法是污水处理相关问题研究中的重要手段之一
以ASMs模型为代表的ASP过程模型中,虽然对过程进行了完整的描述,但是其过于复杂,并不能适用于实践中的污水处理过程的模拟；而实际污水厂运行中DO控制不稳定,使得出水水质得不到保证,同时也造成了大量的曝气成本浪费,不符合国家的节约型社会发展思路。而对于污水处理这样一种靠政府扶持的非营利、高能耗企业来讲,过大的处理成本使得企业入不敷出,生存状况堪忧。本文于理论模型、控制方法以及在实际污水厂的控制等问题展开研究,并取得一定的成果。
在过程模型与仿真软件包的研究中,针对现有复杂模型无法直接应用于实际污水处理厂模拟的现状,对ASM1进行分解、简化,得到简化的有机碳去除模型,该模型简单可靠,对以除碳为目的的污水处理特定过程有着重要的意义；同时,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了完整的ASP过程模拟软件包,并将其应用于ASP的模拟与验证,通过改进聚类方法,对仿真软件包运行数据进行合理分类,并以此建立了过程的多模型表述,仿真结果显示,多模型建模方法有利于提高过程建模精度,并为后续控制相关问题的研究提供模型支持。
在ASP过程的DO控制相关问题的研究中,针对DO控制不稳定、曝气成本过高等问题,提出了模型预测控制、结合优化神经网络的GMC控制等两种控制策略用于改进PI控制中存在的缺陷。其中,结合优化神经网络的GMC控制策略用于解决有机碳消耗模型中的DO浓度控制问题,该策略融合了神经网络能够无限逼近非线性过程的特性,使得过程中的未知机理得以更准确的模拟,与现有控制策略相比具有更高效、可靠的控制性能,而且能够降低处理成本,节约运行费用。
在ASP过程的优化研究中,结合出水底物浓度过高和处理成本过高等两大突出问题,提出了一种将这两者综合起来考虑的ASP优化方法,以有机物排放为限制条件、以降低污水处理主要成本为目标,将克隆选择算法首次应用于ASP过程的多变量优化控制,对比仿真实验验证了该策略的优越性。
Activated sludge process based wastewater biological treatment is an effective method that makes the use of microorganisms to remove organic pollutants in wastewater, and it is the main way of current organic wastewater treatment, especially in urban wastewater treatment. The nonlinear process is a complex dynamics with the characters of strong outside interference, large time-varying and strong coupling. The laws of survival and the dependents on the conditions of the microorganisms in wastewater environment have not been fully aware. Because of the field test takes a long cycle and a higher cost, so the computer simulation based on some complex mechanism models is particularly important in the research of wastewater treatment.
ASM series models of the ASP processes has made great strides in recent decades. Although the process was complete description in these models, but its too complicated to be directly applied in the actual wastewater treatment plant for process simulation; The stability of DO control is still not enough, which makes the water quality can not be guaranteed, but also caused a lot of aeration costs wasted for wastewater treatment enterprises. The WWTPs are non-profit, high energy consumption and supported by government finances. Large processing costs make them ends meet and survival worrying, and it also does not meet the national saving society development ideas. In this thesis, a study to address the problem in the ASP model, process control and control practice in WWTP is done and it has achieved the following contributions.
In the researches of the process model and simulation software, according to the status for complex model can not be applied directly to the actual WWTPs, a simplified organic carbon remove model is by exploded and simplified from the ASM1. The model is simple and reliable to handle a specific process, which is for the purpose of carbon remove operation of the wastewater treatment. Also, a complete ASP process simulation package is developed by using Matlab/Simulink in this thesis, and it is applied to the simulation the ASP process to verification, and achieved good results. Reasonable classification of the running data from the simulation software packages through improved clustering method results to the establishment of the multi-model representation of the process. The simulation results show that the multi-modeling methods improved the accuracy of the process modeling, and it can be the model support in the subsequent control problem researches.
In the researches of the DO concentration control and the other relational problems in the ASP process, some new strategies are proposed based on the MPC, optimized NN based GMC. The optimized NN based GMC control strategy is used to solve the control problem of DO concentration in the organic carbon remove process. The strategy combined with the characteristics that the neural network can infinite approximation to the nonlinear process, and use the NN to represent the unknown parts of the process will make more accurate simulation results. It is more efficient and reliable performances than others. And it also reduces the processing costs and saving the operating costs.
In the researches of the ASP process optimization, a new strategy is proposed to optimize the ASP process combing with the two outstanding problems together, which are high effluent organic concentration and high processing costs of the ASP process. It takes the flowrate of wastage and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) as control parameters and regards effluent quality as restriction factor and operation cost as performance index. And the clonal selection algorithm is first time used in the multivariable optimal control in ASP process, which performance good in the comparing simulation study.
以ASMs模型为代表的ASP过程模型中,虽然对过程进行了完整的描述,但是其过于复杂,并不能适用于实践中的污水处理过程的模拟；而实际污水厂运行中DO控制不稳定,使得出水水质得不到保证,同时也造成了大量的曝气成本浪费,不符合国家的节约型社会发展思路。而对于污水处理这样一种靠政府扶持的非营利、高能耗企业来讲,过大的处理成本使得企业入不敷出,生存状况堪忧。本文于理论模型、控制方法以及在实际污水厂的控制等问题展开研究,并取得一定的成果。
在过程模型与仿真软件包的研究中,针对现有复杂模型无法直接应用于实际污水处理厂模拟的现状,对ASM1进行分解、简化,得到简化的有机碳去除模型,该模型简单可靠,对以除碳为目的的污水处理特定过程有着重要的意义；同时,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了完整的ASP过程模拟软件包,并将其应用于ASP的模拟与验证,通过改进聚类方法,对仿真软件包运行数据进行合理分类,并以此建立了过程的多模型表述,仿真结果显示,多模型建模方法有利于提高过程建模精度,并为后续控制相关问题的研究提供模型支持。
在ASP过程的DO控制相关问题的研究中,针对DO控制不稳定、曝气成本过高等问题,提出了模型预测控制、结合优化神经网络的GMC控制等两种控制策略用于改进PI控制中存在的缺陷。其中,结合优化神经网络的GMC控制策略用于解决有机碳消耗模型中的DO浓度控制问题,该策略融合了神经网络能够无限逼近非线性过程的特性,使得过程中的未知机理得以更准确的模拟,与现有控制策略相比具有更高效、可靠的控制性能,而且能够降低处理成本,节约运行费用。
在ASP过程的优化研究中,结合出水底物浓度过高和处理成本过高等两大突出问题,提出了一种将这两者综合起来考虑的ASP优化方法,以有机物排放为限制条件、以降低污水处理主要成本为目标,将克隆选择算法首次应用于ASP过程的多变量优化控制,对比仿真实验验证了该策略的优越性。
Activated sludge process based wastewater biological treatment is an effective method that makes the use of microorganisms to remove organic pollutants in wastewater, and it is the main way of current organic wastewater treatment, especially in urban wastewater treatment. The nonlinear process is a complex dynamics with the characters of strong outside interference, large time-varying and strong coupling. The laws of survival and the dependents on the conditions of the microorganisms in wastewater environment have not been fully aware. Because of the field test takes a long cycle and a higher cost, so the computer simulation based on some complex mechanism models is particularly important in the research of wastewater treatment.
ASM series models of the ASP processes has made great strides in recent decades. Although the process was complete description in these models, but its too complicated to be directly applied in the actual wastewater treatment plant for process simulation; The stability of DO control is still not enough, which makes the water quality can not be guaranteed, but also caused a lot of aeration costs wasted for wastewater treatment enterprises. The WWTPs are non-profit, high energy consumption and supported by government finances. Large processing costs make them ends meet and survival worrying, and it also does not meet the national saving society development ideas. In this thesis, a study to address the problem in the ASP model, process control and control practice in WWTP is done and it has achieved the following contributions.
In the researches of the process model and simulation software, according to the status for complex model can not be applied directly to the actual WWTPs, a simplified organic carbon remove model is by exploded and simplified from the ASM1. The model is simple and reliable to handle a specific process, which is for the purpose of carbon remove operation of the wastewater treatment. Also, a complete ASP process simulation package is developed by using Matlab/Simulink in this thesis, and it is applied to the simulation the ASP process to verification, and achieved good results. Reasonable classification of the running data from the simulation software packages through improved clustering method results to the establishment of the multi-model representation of the process. The simulation results show that the multi-modeling methods improved the accuracy of the process modeling, and it can be the model support in the subsequent control problem researches.
In the researches of the DO concentration control and the other relational problems in the ASP process, some new strategies are proposed based on the MPC, optimized NN based GMC. The optimized NN based GMC control strategy is used to solve the control problem of DO concentration in the organic carbon remove process. The strategy combined with the characteristics that the neural network can infinite approximation to the nonlinear process, and use the NN to represent the unknown parts of the process will make more accurate simulation results. It is more efficient and reliable performances than others. And it also reduces the processing costs and saving the operating costs.
In the researches of the ASP process optimization, a new strategy is proposed to optimize the ASP process combing with the two outstanding problems together, which are high effluent organic concentration and high processing costs of the ASP process. It takes the flowrate of wastage and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) as control parameters and regards effluent quality as restriction factor and operation cost as performance index. And the clonal selection algorithm is first time used in the multivariable optimal control in ASP process, which performance good in the comparing simulation study.
引文
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