鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中—新生代构造事件及其动热转换的油气成藏效应
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摘要
构造(热)事件及其动-热转换与油气等多种矿产富集成矿(藏)的关系,是近年来盆地动力学及其资源效应研究备受关注的热点问题。鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代经历了多期次的构造作用和油气等多种矿产的共存富集,是盆地构造动-热转换与油气等多种矿产富集成矿(藏)关系研究的理想地区。本文在区域地质构造研究的基础上,重点采用构造热年代学和油气成藏年代学研究方法,系统建立了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代构造演化和油气成藏的事件年代学序列及其对比关系,综合探讨分析了中-新生代构造热事件、抬升冷却事件及其动-热转换的油气成藏效应。主要取得如下成果认识：
(1)根据野外地质构造和地球物理资料的综合分析,明确了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的构造单元分区及其边缘断裂带构造特征,进一步结合沉积建造组合与地层不整合界面关系,将盆地东北部中-新生界沉积地层划分为印支旋回构造层序(TS1)、燕山旋回构造层寻(TS2)、喜山旋回构造层序(TS3)等三大构造旋回层序及其相应的8个构造亚层序。
(2)运用构造热年代学定量分析方法,系统构建了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代主要构造事件及其动-热转换的定量年代学序列,认为研究区主要经历了三叠纪(印支旋回中-晚期)240Ma±和200Ma±两期次的构造事件、白垩纪(燕山旋回中-晚期)135Ma±和65Ma±两期次的构造事件、新近纪(喜山旋回中-晚期)20Ma±的一期构造事件。
(3)将矿物对-封闭温度法与单井沉降史模拟相结合,综合厘定了盆地东北部中-新生代构造动-热转换过程的差异抬升速率：印支期末抬升速率为3.7m/Ma,早中侏罗世延安期末抬升速率接近46.5m/Ma,晚侏罗世抬升速率为8.2m/Ma,早白垩世晚期-古近纪抬升速率为80m/Ma,新近纪以来的抬升速率为128m/Ma。
(4)镜质体反射率(Ro)与AFTSolve热史模拟相结合,综合揭示了盆地东北部中-新生代的构造热演化历史及其古地温参数的动-热转换特征。研究区中-新生代沉积-构造演化过程的关键构造热事件主要发生在燕山中期的(135-100)Ma,峰值年龄接近120Ma±,造成下二叠统和上三叠统烃源岩层系经历的最大古地温分别可达180℃和130℃；后期的构造差异隆升过程造成研究区北段二叠系及其上覆地层较早地在晚白垩世75Ma±抬升冷却至低于110℃的古地温状态,而研究区中南部二叠系及其上覆地层直到新近纪20Ma±以来才抬升冷却到了低于110℃的古地温状态。
(5)运用自生伊利测年与流体包裹体分析相结合的油气成藏年代学研究方法,系统揭示了盆地东北部上古生界二叠系和中生界三叠系油气成藏的峰值年龄序列。认为研究区中北部二叠系不同层段至少经历过两期次的原生油气充注-成藏事件,峰值年龄分别集中在(170-153)Ma和(143-130)Ma,研究区南部上三叠统主要经历了(128-112)Ma的一期原生油气充注-成藏事件；研究区的后期次生油气成藏事件主要发生在研究区北部的上二叠统储集层系,峰值年龄接近古近纪晚期的30Ma±。
(6)依据上述研究成果,探讨分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代构造事件与油气成藏事件的耦合关系及其构造动-热转换的油气成藏效应。早白垩世(135-120)Ma构造热事件为盆地沉积埋藏增温、区域构造岩浆活动的耦合增温作用,促成了盆地东北部古生界和中生界主力烃源岩层系的大规模成熟生烃和油气运聚成藏；晚白垩世以来的差异隆升降温过程,尤其是发生在65Ma和20Ma的两次主要构造差异隆升事件引发了上古生界原生气藏的调整-逸散及其相应上二叠统的天然气次生成藏。
(7)将盆地东北部多种能源矿产统一置于盆地东北部不对称宽缓复式向斜的弧形构造体系框架下,初步探讨分析了油气等多种矿产耦合成藏(矿)的空间有序组合特点及其受控的构造临界状态。复向斜相对翘升的盆地东北边缘弧形构造隆起带,地层倾角一般>3-8°,构成盆内油气逃逸指向区、煤系地层掀斜抬升成矿区和砂岩型铀矿富集区；复向斜倾伏的缓坡区地层倾角一般>2-5°,构成已发现的上二叠统油气次生成藏区；复向斜倾伏沉降区的地层倾角趋于平缓(<1-2°),主体属于上古生界和中生界的原生油气藏富集保存区。
The relationship among tectono-thermal event, its dynamothermal transition, hydrocarbon and other multiple mineral is a hot issue recently in the frontier research field of sedimentary basin dynamics and its effects on resources. Northeastern Ordos basin (NOB) experienced multi-stages tectono-thermal events and the coexisting enrichment of multi-energy resources of Meso-Cenozoic, which is ideal area of researching relationship between dynamothermal transition effecting and the coexisting enrichment of multiple mineral. The paper, on the basis of regional geological structure research, mainly adopts the tectonic thermochronology and hydrocarbon accumulation chronology, systematically establishes chronology sequence of tectonic events and hydrocarbon accumulation events and their compared relationship, analyze the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic thermal events, uplift cooling events and hydrocarbon accumulations effects on dynamothermal transition. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) According to geological structure and geophysical data, the characteristics of structure units zoning and its marginal fault zone is clear. Further combine with sedimentary construction combination and layers unconformity contact, the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary layers of NOB are divided into Indosinian cycle tectonic sequence (TS1), Yanshanian cycle tectonic sequence (TS2), Himalayan cycle tectonic sequence (TS3), and the corresponding eight tectonic sub-sequences.
(2) By means of quantitative tectonic thermochronology analysis, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic chronology sequence is established. What's more, the study area mainly experienced two stages tectonic events of roughly240Ma and200Ma in Triassic (the middle and late of Indosinian cycle); two stages tectonic events of roughly135Ma and65Ma in Cretaceous (the middle and late of Yanshanian cycle); one stage tectonic events of roughly20Ma in Neogene (the middle and late of Himalayan cycle).
(3) Through different mineral closed temperature comparing and well subsidence history modeling, the Meso-Cenozoic differential uplift rates in dynamothermal transition is revealed: with3.7m/my at the end of the Indosinian; with46.5m/my at the end of the Yan'anian of Early-Middle Jurassic; with8.2m/my in Late Jurassic; with80m/my during late Early Cretaceous to Paleogene; with128m/my since the Neogene.
(4) Based on vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and AFTSolve thermal history simulation, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic thermal evolution history and paleogeothermal parameters of dynamothermal transition is indicated. The key tectono-thermal event occured mainly from135to100Ma of middle Yanshanian with the peak of120Ma, resulting in the maximum palaeogeothermal of hydrocarbon source rock of lower Permian and upper Triassic up to180～110℃, respectively. The late differential uplift caused Permian and its overlying layers of northern section of study area to cool with below110℃in the75Ma of Late Cretaceous. The central souther cooled with below110℃in the20Ma of Neogene.
(5) By means of authigenic illite dating and fluid inclusion analysis, the hydrocarbon accumulation chronology sequence is established. The Permian reservoirs of north-central of the study area at least experienced two stages of primary hydrocarbon accumulations with the peak age from170to153Ma and from143to130Ma, respectively. The Triassic reservoirs of souther experienced one stage of primary hydrocarbon accumulations with the peak age from128to112Ma. However, Upper Permian reservoirs of norther of the study area happened secondary hydrocarbon accumulation with the peak age close to30Ma of Paleogene.
(6) Based on the above research results, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic events and hydrocarbon accumulations effects on dynamothermal transition is discussed. The tectono-thermal event of Early Cretaceous (135-120Ma), which is coupling warming events of sedimentary buried and magmatic activity, make the main hydrocarbon source rock of Paleozoic and Mesozoic to large-scale generate hydrocarbon and accumulate. Further more, the late differential uplift, especially two tectonic events of65Ma and20Ma, yield primary hydrocarbon accumulations of Paleozoic to adjust and dissipate, hydrocarbon of Upper Permian to second accumulate.
(7) Through placing enrichment of multiple mineral in asymmetric synclinorium and arc tectonic belt located its margin, the spatial distribution of multiple mineral and controlled tectonic critical state is primary analyzed. The tilted arc tectonic belt of synclinorium margin, with dip of layer greater than3-8°, constitute hydrocarbon dissipation and escape area, mineralization area of coal and sandstone type uranium. The tilted arc tectonic belt, with dip of layer greater than2-5°, compose secondary hydrocarbon accumulation area of Upper Permian. The pitching of synclinorium, with dip of layer tending to be horizontal (<1～2°), mainly belong to saving enrichment area of primary hydrocarbon of upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic.
(1)根据野外地质构造和地球物理资料的综合分析,明确了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的构造单元分区及其边缘断裂带构造特征,进一步结合沉积建造组合与地层不整合界面关系,将盆地东北部中-新生界沉积地层划分为印支旋回构造层序(TS1)、燕山旋回构造层寻(TS2)、喜山旋回构造层序(TS3)等三大构造旋回层序及其相应的8个构造亚层序。
(2)运用构造热年代学定量分析方法,系统构建了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代主要构造事件及其动-热转换的定量年代学序列,认为研究区主要经历了三叠纪(印支旋回中-晚期)240Ma±和200Ma±两期次的构造事件、白垩纪(燕山旋回中-晚期)135Ma±和65Ma±两期次的构造事件、新近纪(喜山旋回中-晚期)20Ma±的一期构造事件。
(3)将矿物对-封闭温度法与单井沉降史模拟相结合,综合厘定了盆地东北部中-新生代构造动-热转换过程的差异抬升速率：印支期末抬升速率为3.7m/Ma,早中侏罗世延安期末抬升速率接近46.5m/Ma,晚侏罗世抬升速率为8.2m/Ma,早白垩世晚期-古近纪抬升速率为80m/Ma,新近纪以来的抬升速率为128m/Ma。
(4)镜质体反射率(Ro)与AFTSolve热史模拟相结合,综合揭示了盆地东北部中-新生代的构造热演化历史及其古地温参数的动-热转换特征。研究区中-新生代沉积-构造演化过程的关键构造热事件主要发生在燕山中期的(135-100)Ma,峰值年龄接近120Ma±,造成下二叠统和上三叠统烃源岩层系经历的最大古地温分别可达180℃和130℃；后期的构造差异隆升过程造成研究区北段二叠系及其上覆地层较早地在晚白垩世75Ma±抬升冷却至低于110℃的古地温状态,而研究区中南部二叠系及其上覆地层直到新近纪20Ma±以来才抬升冷却到了低于110℃的古地温状态。
(5)运用自生伊利测年与流体包裹体分析相结合的油气成藏年代学研究方法,系统揭示了盆地东北部上古生界二叠系和中生界三叠系油气成藏的峰值年龄序列。认为研究区中北部二叠系不同层段至少经历过两期次的原生油气充注-成藏事件,峰值年龄分别集中在(170-153)Ma和(143-130)Ma,研究区南部上三叠统主要经历了(128-112)Ma的一期原生油气充注-成藏事件；研究区的后期次生油气成藏事件主要发生在研究区北部的上二叠统储集层系,峰值年龄接近古近纪晚期的30Ma±。
(6)依据上述研究成果,探讨分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中-新生代构造事件与油气成藏事件的耦合关系及其构造动-热转换的油气成藏效应。早白垩世(135-120)Ma构造热事件为盆地沉积埋藏增温、区域构造岩浆活动的耦合增温作用,促成了盆地东北部古生界和中生界主力烃源岩层系的大规模成熟生烃和油气运聚成藏；晚白垩世以来的差异隆升降温过程,尤其是发生在65Ma和20Ma的两次主要构造差异隆升事件引发了上古生界原生气藏的调整-逸散及其相应上二叠统的天然气次生成藏。
(7)将盆地东北部多种能源矿产统一置于盆地东北部不对称宽缓复式向斜的弧形构造体系框架下,初步探讨分析了油气等多种矿产耦合成藏(矿)的空间有序组合特点及其受控的构造临界状态。复向斜相对翘升的盆地东北边缘弧形构造隆起带,地层倾角一般>3-8°,构成盆内油气逃逸指向区、煤系地层掀斜抬升成矿区和砂岩型铀矿富集区；复向斜倾伏的缓坡区地层倾角一般>2-5°,构成已发现的上二叠统油气次生成藏区；复向斜倾伏沉降区的地层倾角趋于平缓(<1-2°),主体属于上古生界和中生界的原生油气藏富集保存区。
The relationship among tectono-thermal event, its dynamothermal transition, hydrocarbon and other multiple mineral is a hot issue recently in the frontier research field of sedimentary basin dynamics and its effects on resources. Northeastern Ordos basin (NOB) experienced multi-stages tectono-thermal events and the coexisting enrichment of multi-energy resources of Meso-Cenozoic, which is ideal area of researching relationship between dynamothermal transition effecting and the coexisting enrichment of multiple mineral. The paper, on the basis of regional geological structure research, mainly adopts the tectonic thermochronology and hydrocarbon accumulation chronology, systematically establishes chronology sequence of tectonic events and hydrocarbon accumulation events and their compared relationship, analyze the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic thermal events, uplift cooling events and hydrocarbon accumulations effects on dynamothermal transition. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) According to geological structure and geophysical data, the characteristics of structure units zoning and its marginal fault zone is clear. Further combine with sedimentary construction combination and layers unconformity contact, the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary layers of NOB are divided into Indosinian cycle tectonic sequence (TS1), Yanshanian cycle tectonic sequence (TS2), Himalayan cycle tectonic sequence (TS3), and the corresponding eight tectonic sub-sequences.
(2) By means of quantitative tectonic thermochronology analysis, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic chronology sequence is established. What's more, the study area mainly experienced two stages tectonic events of roughly240Ma and200Ma in Triassic (the middle and late of Indosinian cycle); two stages tectonic events of roughly135Ma and65Ma in Cretaceous (the middle and late of Yanshanian cycle); one stage tectonic events of roughly20Ma in Neogene (the middle and late of Himalayan cycle).
(3) Through different mineral closed temperature comparing and well subsidence history modeling, the Meso-Cenozoic differential uplift rates in dynamothermal transition is revealed: with3.7m/my at the end of the Indosinian; with46.5m/my at the end of the Yan'anian of Early-Middle Jurassic; with8.2m/my in Late Jurassic; with80m/my during late Early Cretaceous to Paleogene; with128m/my since the Neogene.
(4) Based on vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and AFTSolve thermal history simulation, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic thermal evolution history and paleogeothermal parameters of dynamothermal transition is indicated. The key tectono-thermal event occured mainly from135to100Ma of middle Yanshanian with the peak of120Ma, resulting in the maximum palaeogeothermal of hydrocarbon source rock of lower Permian and upper Triassic up to180～110℃, respectively. The late differential uplift caused Permian and its overlying layers of northern section of study area to cool with below110℃in the75Ma of Late Cretaceous. The central souther cooled with below110℃in the20Ma of Neogene.
(5) By means of authigenic illite dating and fluid inclusion analysis, the hydrocarbon accumulation chronology sequence is established. The Permian reservoirs of north-central of the study area at least experienced two stages of primary hydrocarbon accumulations with the peak age from170to153Ma and from143to130Ma, respectively. The Triassic reservoirs of souther experienced one stage of primary hydrocarbon accumulations with the peak age from128to112Ma. However, Upper Permian reservoirs of norther of the study area happened secondary hydrocarbon accumulation with the peak age close to30Ma of Paleogene.
(6) Based on the above research results, the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic events and hydrocarbon accumulations effects on dynamothermal transition is discussed. The tectono-thermal event of Early Cretaceous (135-120Ma), which is coupling warming events of sedimentary buried and magmatic activity, make the main hydrocarbon source rock of Paleozoic and Mesozoic to large-scale generate hydrocarbon and accumulate. Further more, the late differential uplift, especially two tectonic events of65Ma and20Ma, yield primary hydrocarbon accumulations of Paleozoic to adjust and dissipate, hydrocarbon of Upper Permian to second accumulate.
(7) Through placing enrichment of multiple mineral in asymmetric synclinorium and arc tectonic belt located its margin, the spatial distribution of multiple mineral and controlled tectonic critical state is primary analyzed. The tilted arc tectonic belt of synclinorium margin, with dip of layer greater than3-8°, constitute hydrocarbon dissipation and escape area, mineralization area of coal and sandstone type uranium. The tilted arc tectonic belt, with dip of layer greater than2-5°, compose secondary hydrocarbon accumulation area of Upper Permian. The pitching of synclinorium, with dip of layer tending to be horizontal (<1～2°), mainly belong to saving enrichment area of primary hydrocarbon of upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic.
引文
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