Al_2O_3/延性夹层/树脂层状复合材料的制备和性能
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摘要
延性夹层层状复合材料主要通过夹层的塑性形变引起裂纹在夹层界面钝化、捕获、桥连等，提高层状复合材料的韧性。本研究将陶瓷材料、金属材料和高分子材料有机结合，应用应力分散和多级能耗的机理，以环氧树脂胶黏剂为粘结剂，采用常温下模压的方法制备了Al_2O_3/Al、Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al、Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料，对它们进行了显微结构分析、力学性能测试、载荷-位移曲线分析、裂纹路径分析等，并进行了裂纹扩展机理探讨和Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料的耐水、酸、碱性能测试。
为了确定固化剂用量，对树脂：固化剂质量比为1∶0.7、1∶0.8、1∶0.9和1∶1.0时环氧树脂固化体系粘结强度和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：当树脂：固化剂质量比为1:0.8时，环氧树脂胶黏剂的粘结强度最大，力学性能较佳。故选择树脂：固化剂的配比为1∶0.8。
采用Al_2O_3为陶瓷层，Al薄片为夹层，环氧树脂胶黏剂为粘结剂，在5MPa压力下常温模压固化，制备了Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料。显微结构分析显示其层间结合紧密，胶层厚度为2~5μm；力学性能测试表明：和氧化铝相比，其强度虽略有下降，但断裂韧性和断裂功有较大提高，这得益于裂纹扩展过程中形成的多裂纹特征。
鉴于Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料胶层较薄的情况，在Al_2O_3层和Al夹层间引入尼龙丝网层控制胶层厚度，制备了Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al层状复合材料。胶层厚度约为0.15mm。力学性能测试表明：相比于Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料，其密度、模量、抗弯强度、断裂韧性有所降低，断裂功稍有提高，但其冲击韧性有较大提高。
此外，为了增加延性夹层的延展性，提高层状复合材料的综合性能，分别以60、80、120、150、200、250、300、350和400目钢质丝网作为增强体，环氧树脂胶黏剂作为粘结剂和树脂基体形成steel-epoxy夹层，氧化铝作为陶瓷层，在5MPa压力下常温模压固化，制备了一系列Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料。结果表明：用200目钢丝网制备的层状复合材料具有较好的综合力学性能，其抗弯强度和氧化铝片相当，达到303MPa，断裂韧性、断裂功和冲击韧性有很大的提高，分别达到14.5MPa·m~(1/2)、3.0KJ/m~2和8.46KJ/m~2。钢丝网目数对层状复合材料性能有显著的影响。
本文对延性夹层的桥接作用进行了模拟，并对裂纹扩展模式进行了分析和探讨。夹层材料性质、层间剥离对夹层的桥接应力和塑性形变有显著的影响，而且存在着一个夹层厚度/陶瓷层厚度的的临界值（（tm/tc）crit），小于此临界值时发生宏观裂纹断裂，大于此临界值时发生多裂纹断裂。
最后，对具有较好综合性能的200目丝网制备的Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料进行了吸水率及耐酸碱性测试。结果表明其吸水率较低，在50%H2SO4和20%NaOH溶液中浸泡后质量变化率也不大，这主要是因为层状复合材料裸露在表面的树脂面积较小的缘故。
本文所制备的Al_2O_3/Al、Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al和Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料具有典型的延性夹层层状复合材料特征，特别是200目钢丝网制备的Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料具有较好的综合性能，不仅密度小，强度适中，断裂韧性、断裂功和冲击韧性高，而且具有较好的耐湿、耐腐蚀性和能量吸收能力，有望在需要能量吸收的抗冲击场合得到应用。
The toughness of laminated composites with ductile interlayers is improved mainly byplastic deformation of the interlayers,which lead to crack blunting, crack capturing and crackbridging in ductile interlayers.In this thesis, with epoxy resin adhesives as binder, ceramic,metal and polymer are combined to fabricate Al_2O_3/Al, Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al andAl_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites using mould pressing method at room temperature.The microstructures, mechanical properties, load-displacement curves and crack paths ofthese composites were analyzed, and the machanism of crack propagation was discussed. Thewater resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance of Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy composites weretested.
In order to determine the addition content of curing agent, the bond strength and themechanical properties of epoxy resin adhesives with various mass ratios of epoxy resin tohardener, namely1:0.7,1:0.8,1:0.9and1:1.0, were investigated. The results indicate that thebond strength reaches its maximum when the mass ratio is1:0.8, and the correspondingcuring system can get a better mechanical performance. So, the mass ratio of epoxy resin tohardener is decided to1:0.8.
Al_2O_3as ceramic layer, Al slice as interlayer, epoxy resin adhesives as binder, laminatedAl_2O_3/Al composites were fabricated via a simple moulding process at room temperature and5MPa, with epoxy resin adhesives as the binder. Microstructure analysis results show that theinterfaces of Al_2O_3/epoxy/Al bond tightly with a2~5μ adhesives thickness. Moreover,mechanical test results show that, the fabricated composites, compared with Al_2O_3monolith,have a slightly lower bending strength but much higher fracture toughness and fracture work,which is attributed to the multiple fractures during the crack propagation.
In view of the fact that thin adhesives layer in Al_2O_3/Al laminated composites, nylon netwas introduced into the interfaces between Al_2O_3and Al layer, to fabricate Al_2O_3/Nylon/Allaminated composites. The thickness of adhesives layer is about o.15mm. The mechanicalproperties test show that, the fabricated composites, compared with Al_2O_3/Al laminatedcomposites, have lower density, modulus, bending strength and fracture toughness as well as aslight increase of fracture work. But the impact toughness is improved significantly.
Furthermore, in order to improve the ductility of interlayer and the comprehensiveproperties of laminated composites, steel-epoxy interlayers was prepared by combined epoxy resin adhesives with60,80,120,150,200,250,300,350and400steel mesh, respectively.Then, Al_2O_3as ceramic layer, steel-epoxy as interlayers, Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminatedcomposites were fabricated via a simple moulding process at room temperature and5MPa.The results show that the laminated composites prepared using200steel mesh have the bestcomprehensive properties. As compared with Al_2O_3monolith, the fabricated composites havea closing bending strength of303MPa. Moreover, the fracture toughness, fracture work andimpact toughness of the composites are improved greatly, which is about14.5MPa·m~(1/2),3.0KJ/m~2and8.46KJ/m~2, respectively.
In this thesis, the bridging effect for ductile interlayer of laminated composites wassimulated and the crack propagation patterns were analyzed and discussed. The results showthat the properties of ductile interlayer and the interface debonding have a significantinfluence on bridging stress and plastic deformation of interlayers. The results also show thatthere exist a critical value of metal layer thickness to ceramic layer thickness, namely (tm/tc)crit.When tm/tc＜(tm/tc)crit, the crack propagation tend to show macroscopic crack pattern. whereastm/tc＞(tm/tc)crit, the crack propagation tend to show multiple crack pattern.
Finally, the water content, acid resistance and alkali resistance of the Al_2O_3/steel-epoxylaminated composites prepared using200steel mesh were tested. The results show that thewater content is low and the mass change treated in50%H2SO4and20%NaOH tend to befew due to the small area of resin exposed outside.
Al_2O_3/Al, Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al and Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites with typicalcharacteristics of ductile interlayers can be obtained in this research. Especially, theAl_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites perpared using200steel mesh have the bestproperties. The laminated composites have low density, moderate strength, high fracturetoughness, high fracture work and impact toughness, good water resistance, corrosionresistance and high energy consumption during fracture, therefore have a good applicationprospect in fields where requiring energy absorbing such as in anti-impact applications.
为了确定固化剂用量，对树脂：固化剂质量比为1∶0.7、1∶0.8、1∶0.9和1∶1.0时环氧树脂固化体系粘结强度和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：当树脂：固化剂质量比为1:0.8时，环氧树脂胶黏剂的粘结强度最大，力学性能较佳。故选择树脂：固化剂的配比为1∶0.8。
采用Al_2O_3为陶瓷层，Al薄片为夹层，环氧树脂胶黏剂为粘结剂，在5MPa压力下常温模压固化，制备了Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料。显微结构分析显示其层间结合紧密，胶层厚度为2~5μm；力学性能测试表明：和氧化铝相比，其强度虽略有下降，但断裂韧性和断裂功有较大提高，这得益于裂纹扩展过程中形成的多裂纹特征。
鉴于Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料胶层较薄的情况，在Al_2O_3层和Al夹层间引入尼龙丝网层控制胶层厚度，制备了Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al层状复合材料。胶层厚度约为0.15mm。力学性能测试表明：相比于Al_2O_3/Al层状复合材料，其密度、模量、抗弯强度、断裂韧性有所降低，断裂功稍有提高，但其冲击韧性有较大提高。
此外，为了增加延性夹层的延展性，提高层状复合材料的综合性能，分别以60、80、120、150、200、250、300、350和400目钢质丝网作为增强体，环氧树脂胶黏剂作为粘结剂和树脂基体形成steel-epoxy夹层，氧化铝作为陶瓷层，在5MPa压力下常温模压固化，制备了一系列Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料。结果表明：用200目钢丝网制备的层状复合材料具有较好的综合力学性能，其抗弯强度和氧化铝片相当，达到303MPa，断裂韧性、断裂功和冲击韧性有很大的提高，分别达到14.5MPa·m~(1/2)、3.0KJ/m~2和8.46KJ/m~2。钢丝网目数对层状复合材料性能有显著的影响。
本文对延性夹层的桥接作用进行了模拟，并对裂纹扩展模式进行了分析和探讨。夹层材料性质、层间剥离对夹层的桥接应力和塑性形变有显著的影响，而且存在着一个夹层厚度/陶瓷层厚度的的临界值（（tm/tc）crit），小于此临界值时发生宏观裂纹断裂，大于此临界值时发生多裂纹断裂。
最后，对具有较好综合性能的200目丝网制备的Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料进行了吸水率及耐酸碱性测试。结果表明其吸水率较低，在50%H2SO4和20%NaOH溶液中浸泡后质量变化率也不大，这主要是因为层状复合材料裸露在表面的树脂面积较小的缘故。
本文所制备的Al_2O_3/Al、Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al和Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料具有典型的延性夹层层状复合材料特征，特别是200目钢丝网制备的Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy层状复合材料具有较好的综合性能，不仅密度小，强度适中，断裂韧性、断裂功和冲击韧性高，而且具有较好的耐湿、耐腐蚀性和能量吸收能力，有望在需要能量吸收的抗冲击场合得到应用。
The toughness of laminated composites with ductile interlayers is improved mainly byplastic deformation of the interlayers,which lead to crack blunting, crack capturing and crackbridging in ductile interlayers.In this thesis, with epoxy resin adhesives as binder, ceramic,metal and polymer are combined to fabricate Al_2O_3/Al, Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al andAl_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites using mould pressing method at room temperature.The microstructures, mechanical properties, load-displacement curves and crack paths ofthese composites were analyzed, and the machanism of crack propagation was discussed. Thewater resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance of Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy composites weretested.
In order to determine the addition content of curing agent, the bond strength and themechanical properties of epoxy resin adhesives with various mass ratios of epoxy resin tohardener, namely1:0.7,1:0.8,1:0.9and1:1.0, were investigated. The results indicate that thebond strength reaches its maximum when the mass ratio is1:0.8, and the correspondingcuring system can get a better mechanical performance. So, the mass ratio of epoxy resin tohardener is decided to1:0.8.
Al_2O_3as ceramic layer, Al slice as interlayer, epoxy resin adhesives as binder, laminatedAl_2O_3/Al composites were fabricated via a simple moulding process at room temperature and5MPa, with epoxy resin adhesives as the binder. Microstructure analysis results show that theinterfaces of Al_2O_3/epoxy/Al bond tightly with a2~5μ adhesives thickness. Moreover,mechanical test results show that, the fabricated composites, compared with Al_2O_3monolith,have a slightly lower bending strength but much higher fracture toughness and fracture work,which is attributed to the multiple fractures during the crack propagation.
In view of the fact that thin adhesives layer in Al_2O_3/Al laminated composites, nylon netwas introduced into the interfaces between Al_2O_3and Al layer, to fabricate Al_2O_3/Nylon/Allaminated composites. The thickness of adhesives layer is about o.15mm. The mechanicalproperties test show that, the fabricated composites, compared with Al_2O_3/Al laminatedcomposites, have lower density, modulus, bending strength and fracture toughness as well as aslight increase of fracture work. But the impact toughness is improved significantly.
Furthermore, in order to improve the ductility of interlayer and the comprehensiveproperties of laminated composites, steel-epoxy interlayers was prepared by combined epoxy resin adhesives with60,80,120,150,200,250,300,350and400steel mesh, respectively.Then, Al_2O_3as ceramic layer, steel-epoxy as interlayers, Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminatedcomposites were fabricated via a simple moulding process at room temperature and5MPa.The results show that the laminated composites prepared using200steel mesh have the bestcomprehensive properties. As compared with Al_2O_3monolith, the fabricated composites havea closing bending strength of303MPa. Moreover, the fracture toughness, fracture work andimpact toughness of the composites are improved greatly, which is about14.5MPa·m~(1/2),3.0KJ/m~2and8.46KJ/m~2, respectively.
In this thesis, the bridging effect for ductile interlayer of laminated composites wassimulated and the crack propagation patterns were analyzed and discussed. The results showthat the properties of ductile interlayer and the interface debonding have a significantinfluence on bridging stress and plastic deformation of interlayers. The results also show thatthere exist a critical value of metal layer thickness to ceramic layer thickness, namely (tm/tc)crit.When tm/tc＜(tm/tc)crit, the crack propagation tend to show macroscopic crack pattern. whereastm/tc＞(tm/tc)crit, the crack propagation tend to show multiple crack pattern.
Finally, the water content, acid resistance and alkali resistance of the Al_2O_3/steel-epoxylaminated composites prepared using200steel mesh were tested. The results show that thewater content is low and the mass change treated in50%H2SO4and20%NaOH tend to befew due to the small area of resin exposed outside.
Al_2O_3/Al, Al_2O_3/Nylon/Al and Al_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites with typicalcharacteristics of ductile interlayers can be obtained in this research. Especially, theAl_2O_3/steel-epoxy laminated composites perpared using200steel mesh have the bestproperties. The laminated composites have low density, moderate strength, high fracturetoughness, high fracture work and impact toughness, good water resistance, corrosionresistance and high energy consumption during fracture, therefore have a good applicationprospect in fields where requiring energy absorbing such as in anti-impact applications.
引文
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