硅对水分胁迫下水稻生理生化特性、亚显微结构及相关基因表达的调控机制研究
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摘要
水稻在营养生长阶段如遭受水分亏缺,则不利于形成壮苗,也将影响其后的生殖生长。水稻主动吸收并积累的硅元素对于水稻生长发育、抵御胁迫以及高产优质具有独特作用。在水分胁迫下,研究施硅对水稻植株生理生化特性的影响,有助于明确硅对水稻生长发育的调控机制,为水稻抗旱栽培和硅肥推广施用提供理论依据。目前国内外对此方面的相关研究相对较少,因而阐明施硅对水分胁迫下水稻生长的调控机理具有重要意义。本文以秀水11(水稻)和巴西陆稻(旱稻)为试验材料,利用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫以及土壤干旱处理,采用生理生化指标测定、显微观测和基因表达分析等技术手段,研究施硅对水分胁迫下水稻苗期和拔节期植株生理生化特性、亚显微结构和相关基因表达的影响以及调控机制。所取得的结果如下：
1.研究了在PEG诱导的水分胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻生理生化特性的影响。PEG胁迫抑制了苗期水稻对硅的吸收。施硅明显减轻了PEG胁迫下水稻叶片萎蔫程度,减缓了叶片和根系干物重、自由水含量、总含水量和相对含水量的下降。施硅对提高水分胁迫下巴西陆稻叶片含水量的效果优于秀水11。施硅提高了PEG胁迫下水稻植株的渗透调节能力,维持了较高的细胞膨压,改善了组织的水分状况。在PEG胁迫下,可溶性糖对水稻叶片渗透调节的贡献率最大,其次为K+；对水稻根系渗透调节能力的贡献率以K+最大,其次是可溶性糖；而脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质在水稻渗透调节过程中的贡献较小。施硅明显降低了PEG胁迫下苗期秀水11和巴西陆稻的根和叶的相对电渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)产生速率和过氧化氢(H202)含量。施硅降低了PEG胁迫下水稻超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性峰值,但在胁迫后期有利于水稻维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。此外,施硅能明显延缓PEG胁迫下苗期水稻还原型谷胱甘肽(GHS)、抗环血酸(AsA)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的下降。施硅也减缓了PEG胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(E)的下降,提高了水分利用率(WuE)。对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数分析显示,施硅明显延缓了PEG胁迫下叶绿素最大荧光产量(Fm)、PSⅡ的最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、稳态荧光产量(Fs)、光下最大荧光产量(Fm)、PS Ⅱ的有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子的相对传递速率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)的下降。施硅能明显延缓PEG胁迫后期水稻呼吸速率的下降,尤其对叶片的效果更为显著。在PEG胁迫下,施硅在一定程度上能够提高水稻植株的根系活力并增大根系的活跃吸收面积。施硅还能延缓水分胁迫下苗期水稻根叶中总蛋白质、RNA、DNA以及脱落酸(ABA)的降解。
2.分析了在土壤干旱胁迫下施硅对拔节期水稻生理生化特性的影响。秀水11的渗透调节能力要稍强于巴西陆稻,因而比巴西陆稻对土壤干旱胁迫的耐受表现更为良好。土壤水分亏缺明显抑制了水稻植株对硅元素的吸收。土壤干旱胁迫下,施硅能够提高水稻植株的渗透调节能力,增加植株干物重和含水量,改善水分状况,减缓细胞膨压的下降。土壤干旱胁迫下,在水稻渗透调节作用中主要的渗透调节物质为K+、可溶性糖以及NO3等,而脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质等物质的贡献很小。硅的施用可明显降低干旱胁迫下MDA的产生、质膜破裂、O2-的生成速率和H2O2含量,延缓水稻叶片的抗氧化酶活性下降,提高水稻非酶促抗氧化剂的含量。施硅还能抑制干旱胁迫下叶绿素的降解,减缓水稻净光合速率和蒸腾速率的下降,提高植株的水分利用率。土壤干旱胁迫下,施硅提高了水稻根系活力和伤流速率。土壤干旱胁迫下,水稻植株的生理生化特性表现与PEG胁迫处理基本一致。
3.探讨了在PEG胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻根系和叶片超微结构的影响。单纯PEG处理下,水稻叶绿体明显变形解体且数量下降,大多数叶肉细胞因失水而变形严重；而在硅与PEG共同处理下,叶绿体的形状则较为规则,叶肉细胞变形较轻,部分细胞仍能维持较为正常的形状。在单纯PEG处理下,发生细胞核解体的水稻根系细胞明显多于硅与PEG共同处理。施硅处理下的根系细胞壁均有所加厚,可能是施硅促进了根系木质化。
4.研究了在PEG胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻涉及硅的转运与积累的蛋白、水孔蛋白以及胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)的基因表达水平的影响。施硅能增强硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白(含硅转入和转出两种蛋白)基因的表达,但其表达效果受到PEG的明显抑制。硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白基因在施硅初期能够大量表达,而随着处理进行其表达量呈逐渐下降趋势。秀水11植株中硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白的mRNA表达相对丰度与相对应器官的总硅含量呈显著正相关。施硅强化了PEG胁迫对水稻根系质膜上水孔蛋白的表达抑制。与对照相比,在PEG胁迫下,水稻LEA基因表达丰度显著增加,但施硅明显降低了胁迫下LEA基因的表达量。秀水11叶片中LEA蛋白基因表达量与叶片中ABA含量呈极显著正相关,与丙二醛含量、相对含水量和细胞膨压皆呈显著负相关。
总之,在水分胁迫下,施硅能够增加植株含水量、改善组织水分状况,从而增强了植株抗干旱胁迫的能力,表现为光合作用等生理特性的改善。而抗干旱胁迫的能力的增强则主要基于施硅提高了水稻植株的渗透调节能力、质膜稳定性和根系活力等因素。
During the vegetative growth phase of rice, it is not beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings and the subsequent reproductive growth, if rice is subjected to water deficit. Silicon, which is actively absorbed and accumulated by rice, plays a unique role in the growth and development, stress tolerance, and formation of high yield and good quality of rice. Under water stress condition, the study on the effect of silicon application on rice seedlings at vegetative growth stage (seedling and jointing stage) could contribute to the understanding of regulatory mechanism of rice growth and development, and provide theoretical support for rice cultivation under drought stress and the promotion of silicon application. However, the relevant research is very lacking. Therefore, it is very important to study the regulatory mechanism of silicon on the rice growth under water stress.
In this paper, Xiushui11(lowland rice) and Brazil upland rice (upland rice) were used as experimental materials. Water stress environment was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) or soil drought by withholding irrigation. The purpose of this study was to study the influence of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics by means of determination of physiological and biochemical indexes, microscopic observation and gene expression analysis techniques. The main results are as follows:
1. Effects of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice at seedling stage under PEG-induced water stress
PEG stress inhibited the absorption of silicon of rice seedlings. Application of silicon significantly alleviated leaf wilting, and improved the dry weight, free water content, total moisture content and relative water content in the roots and leaves of rice under PEG stress. The effect of improving water content in Brazilian upland rice was better than that in Xiushui11. Silicon application enhanced the osmotic adjustment ability, maintained higher cell turgor pressure, and improved the water status of rice. Under PEG stress, the contribution of soluble sugar to the osmotic adjustment in the leaves was the largest among the osmolytes in the cells, followed by K+. In the roots, K+was the largest contributor to the osmotic adjustment, followed by soluble sugar; while proline and soluble protein played a minor role to the osmotic adjustment. Application of silicon significantly reduced the relative electrolyte permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide radical anion (O2-) generation rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of rice under PEG stress. Silicon decreased the activity peaks of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); however, it was also advantageous to maintaining higher antioxidant enzyme activities at late stage of PEG treatment. In addition, silicon could significantly retard the decline of reduced glutathione (GHS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and carotenoid (Car) contents of rice seedlings under PEG stress. Application of silicon could alleviate the decline in leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, improve water use efficiency in PEG-stressed rice. Analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters in the leaves showed that silicon application significantly retarded dark-adapted maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), dark-adapted PS Ⅱ maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), steady-state fluorescence yield (Fs), light-adapted maximum fluorescence yield (Fm'), light-adapted PS Ⅱ maximum quantum yield (Fv'/Fm'), PS Ⅱ actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPS Ⅱ), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) under PEG stress. Silicon could slow down the decline of respiration rate under PEG stress, and the retarding effect was more obvious in leaves than that in roots. Under PEG stress, silicon could enhance the vigor and the active absorbing area of roots. The application of silicon could retard the degradation of total protein, RNA, DNA and abscisic acid (ABA) in rice seedlings.
2. Effects of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice at jointing stage under soil drought stress
The osmotic adjustment capacity of Xiushui11was slightly stronger than Brazilian upland rice, and therefore the tolerance performance to drought stress of Xiushui11was better than Brazilian upland rice. Soil water deficit significantly inhibited the absorption of silicon by rice seedlings. Under drought stress, silicon could enhance the osmotic adjustment ability, increase dry weight and water content, slow down the drop of cell turgor pressure of rice seedlings. Under drought stress, K+, NO3-and soluble sugar were the main osmolytes in osmotic adjustment; however, proline and soluble proteins contributed little to osmotic adjustment. The application of silicon could obviously decrease the formation of MDA and rupture of plasma membrane under drought stress, reduce the production rate of O2-and H2O2, slow down the decline of antioxidant enzymes activities in rice leaves, and improve non-enzymatic antioxidant contents under drought stress. Silicon could inhibit the degradation of chlorophyll, slow down the drop of the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, increase water use efficiency in rice leaves under water deficit stress. Under drought stress, silicon application enhanced the vigor and the water flow rate of rice root systems. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice under soil drought stress were consistent with PEG stress treatment.
3. Effects of silicon on the ultrastructure of rice seedlings at seedling stage under PEG stress
Under PEG stress, rice chloroplasts were obvious deformed and disintegrated, and most of mesophyll cells were deformed seriously because of dehydration. However, under PEG treatment supplied with silicon, the shape of many chloroplasts was more regular, and the deformation of most mesophyll cells was less serious than the treatment which was treated with PEG only, In-Si/+PEG treatment, nuclear disintegration occurred more frequently in root cells than that in+Si/+PEG treatment. The root cell wall was thickened after the application of silicon, and perhaps this thickening effect was related with enhanced root lignification by silicon application.
4. Effects of silicon on the differential gene expression of the silicon-binding proteins, silicon transporter proteins, aquaporins and late embryogenesis-abundant proteins of rice seedlings at seedling stage under PEG stress
The gene expression level of the silicon-binding proteins and silicon transporter proteins could be enhanced by the application of silicon, but their expression levels were significantly inhibited by PEG. The expression levels were higher at the initial stage after silicon application, however, with stress progressing, the expression decreased gradually. The mRNA expression relative abundance of the silicon-binding proteins and silicon transporter proteins of Xiushui11were significantly positively correlated with the total silicon content in corresponding organs (leaves and roots). Application of silicon further strengthened the inhibition of gene expression of rice aquaporins under PEG treatment. Under PEG stress, compared with the control, the gene expression relative abundance of late embryogenesis-abundant proteins (LEA) was significantly increased, but it was significantly reduced by silicon application. The gene expression level of LEA protein was extremely significantly positively correlated with the ABA content, significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, relative water content and cell turgor pressure in leaves of Xiushui11.
In conclusion, under water-deficit stress, silicon application could increase water content and improve organizational water status, thereby enhancing the drought-resistance ability of plant, and manifested as improvement of photosynthesis and other physiological characters. The enhanced drought-resistance ability might be mainly based on the improved osmotic adjustment ability, plasma membrane stability and root activity in the stressed rice after treated with silicon.
1.研究了在PEG诱导的水分胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻生理生化特性的影响。PEG胁迫抑制了苗期水稻对硅的吸收。施硅明显减轻了PEG胁迫下水稻叶片萎蔫程度,减缓了叶片和根系干物重、自由水含量、总含水量和相对含水量的下降。施硅对提高水分胁迫下巴西陆稻叶片含水量的效果优于秀水11。施硅提高了PEG胁迫下水稻植株的渗透调节能力,维持了较高的细胞膨压,改善了组织的水分状况。在PEG胁迫下,可溶性糖对水稻叶片渗透调节的贡献率最大,其次为K+；对水稻根系渗透调节能力的贡献率以K+最大,其次是可溶性糖；而脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质在水稻渗透调节过程中的贡献较小。施硅明显降低了PEG胁迫下苗期秀水11和巴西陆稻的根和叶的相对电渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)产生速率和过氧化氢(H202)含量。施硅降低了PEG胁迫下水稻超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性峰值,但在胁迫后期有利于水稻维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。此外,施硅能明显延缓PEG胁迫下苗期水稻还原型谷胱甘肽(GHS)、抗环血酸(AsA)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的下降。施硅也减缓了PEG胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(E)的下降,提高了水分利用率(WuE)。对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数分析显示,施硅明显延缓了PEG胁迫下叶绿素最大荧光产量(Fm)、PSⅡ的最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、稳态荧光产量(Fs)、光下最大荧光产量(Fm)、PS Ⅱ的有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子的相对传递速率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)的下降。施硅能明显延缓PEG胁迫后期水稻呼吸速率的下降,尤其对叶片的效果更为显著。在PEG胁迫下,施硅在一定程度上能够提高水稻植株的根系活力并增大根系的活跃吸收面积。施硅还能延缓水分胁迫下苗期水稻根叶中总蛋白质、RNA、DNA以及脱落酸(ABA)的降解。
2.分析了在土壤干旱胁迫下施硅对拔节期水稻生理生化特性的影响。秀水11的渗透调节能力要稍强于巴西陆稻,因而比巴西陆稻对土壤干旱胁迫的耐受表现更为良好。土壤水分亏缺明显抑制了水稻植株对硅元素的吸收。土壤干旱胁迫下,施硅能够提高水稻植株的渗透调节能力,增加植株干物重和含水量,改善水分状况,减缓细胞膨压的下降。土壤干旱胁迫下,在水稻渗透调节作用中主要的渗透调节物质为K+、可溶性糖以及NO3等,而脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质等物质的贡献很小。硅的施用可明显降低干旱胁迫下MDA的产生、质膜破裂、O2-的生成速率和H2O2含量,延缓水稻叶片的抗氧化酶活性下降,提高水稻非酶促抗氧化剂的含量。施硅还能抑制干旱胁迫下叶绿素的降解,减缓水稻净光合速率和蒸腾速率的下降,提高植株的水分利用率。土壤干旱胁迫下,施硅提高了水稻根系活力和伤流速率。土壤干旱胁迫下,水稻植株的生理生化特性表现与PEG胁迫处理基本一致。
3.探讨了在PEG胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻根系和叶片超微结构的影响。单纯PEG处理下,水稻叶绿体明显变形解体且数量下降,大多数叶肉细胞因失水而变形严重；而在硅与PEG共同处理下,叶绿体的形状则较为规则,叶肉细胞变形较轻,部分细胞仍能维持较为正常的形状。在单纯PEG处理下,发生细胞核解体的水稻根系细胞明显多于硅与PEG共同处理。施硅处理下的根系细胞壁均有所加厚,可能是施硅促进了根系木质化。
4.研究了在PEG胁迫下施硅对苗期水稻涉及硅的转运与积累的蛋白、水孔蛋白以及胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)的基因表达水平的影响。施硅能增强硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白(含硅转入和转出两种蛋白)基因的表达,但其表达效果受到PEG的明显抑制。硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白基因在施硅初期能够大量表达,而随着处理进行其表达量呈逐渐下降趋势。秀水11植株中硅结合蛋白和硅转运蛋白的mRNA表达相对丰度与相对应器官的总硅含量呈显著正相关。施硅强化了PEG胁迫对水稻根系质膜上水孔蛋白的表达抑制。与对照相比,在PEG胁迫下,水稻LEA基因表达丰度显著增加,但施硅明显降低了胁迫下LEA基因的表达量。秀水11叶片中LEA蛋白基因表达量与叶片中ABA含量呈极显著正相关,与丙二醛含量、相对含水量和细胞膨压皆呈显著负相关。
总之,在水分胁迫下,施硅能够增加植株含水量、改善组织水分状况,从而增强了植株抗干旱胁迫的能力,表现为光合作用等生理特性的改善。而抗干旱胁迫的能力的增强则主要基于施硅提高了水稻植株的渗透调节能力、质膜稳定性和根系活力等因素。
During the vegetative growth phase of rice, it is not beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings and the subsequent reproductive growth, if rice is subjected to water deficit. Silicon, which is actively absorbed and accumulated by rice, plays a unique role in the growth and development, stress tolerance, and formation of high yield and good quality of rice. Under water stress condition, the study on the effect of silicon application on rice seedlings at vegetative growth stage (seedling and jointing stage) could contribute to the understanding of regulatory mechanism of rice growth and development, and provide theoretical support for rice cultivation under drought stress and the promotion of silicon application. However, the relevant research is very lacking. Therefore, it is very important to study the regulatory mechanism of silicon on the rice growth under water stress.
In this paper, Xiushui11(lowland rice) and Brazil upland rice (upland rice) were used as experimental materials. Water stress environment was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) or soil drought by withholding irrigation. The purpose of this study was to study the influence of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics by means of determination of physiological and biochemical indexes, microscopic observation and gene expression analysis techniques. The main results are as follows:
1. Effects of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice at seedling stage under PEG-induced water stress
PEG stress inhibited the absorption of silicon of rice seedlings. Application of silicon significantly alleviated leaf wilting, and improved the dry weight, free water content, total moisture content and relative water content in the roots and leaves of rice under PEG stress. The effect of improving water content in Brazilian upland rice was better than that in Xiushui11. Silicon application enhanced the osmotic adjustment ability, maintained higher cell turgor pressure, and improved the water status of rice. Under PEG stress, the contribution of soluble sugar to the osmotic adjustment in the leaves was the largest among the osmolytes in the cells, followed by K+. In the roots, K+was the largest contributor to the osmotic adjustment, followed by soluble sugar; while proline and soluble protein played a minor role to the osmotic adjustment. Application of silicon significantly reduced the relative electrolyte permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide radical anion (O2-) generation rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of rice under PEG stress. Silicon decreased the activity peaks of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); however, it was also advantageous to maintaining higher antioxidant enzyme activities at late stage of PEG treatment. In addition, silicon could significantly retard the decline of reduced glutathione (GHS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and carotenoid (Car) contents of rice seedlings under PEG stress. Application of silicon could alleviate the decline in leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, improve water use efficiency in PEG-stressed rice. Analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters in the leaves showed that silicon application significantly retarded dark-adapted maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), dark-adapted PS Ⅱ maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), steady-state fluorescence yield (Fs), light-adapted maximum fluorescence yield (Fm'), light-adapted PS Ⅱ maximum quantum yield (Fv'/Fm'), PS Ⅱ actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPS Ⅱ), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) under PEG stress. Silicon could slow down the decline of respiration rate under PEG stress, and the retarding effect was more obvious in leaves than that in roots. Under PEG stress, silicon could enhance the vigor and the active absorbing area of roots. The application of silicon could retard the degradation of total protein, RNA, DNA and abscisic acid (ABA) in rice seedlings.
2. Effects of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice at jointing stage under soil drought stress
The osmotic adjustment capacity of Xiushui11was slightly stronger than Brazilian upland rice, and therefore the tolerance performance to drought stress of Xiushui11was better than Brazilian upland rice. Soil water deficit significantly inhibited the absorption of silicon by rice seedlings. Under drought stress, silicon could enhance the osmotic adjustment ability, increase dry weight and water content, slow down the drop of cell turgor pressure of rice seedlings. Under drought stress, K+, NO3-and soluble sugar were the main osmolytes in osmotic adjustment; however, proline and soluble proteins contributed little to osmotic adjustment. The application of silicon could obviously decrease the formation of MDA and rupture of plasma membrane under drought stress, reduce the production rate of O2-and H2O2, slow down the decline of antioxidant enzymes activities in rice leaves, and improve non-enzymatic antioxidant contents under drought stress. Silicon could inhibit the degradation of chlorophyll, slow down the drop of the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, increase water use efficiency in rice leaves under water deficit stress. Under drought stress, silicon application enhanced the vigor and the water flow rate of rice root systems. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice under soil drought stress were consistent with PEG stress treatment.
3. Effects of silicon on the ultrastructure of rice seedlings at seedling stage under PEG stress
Under PEG stress, rice chloroplasts were obvious deformed and disintegrated, and most of mesophyll cells were deformed seriously because of dehydration. However, under PEG treatment supplied with silicon, the shape of many chloroplasts was more regular, and the deformation of most mesophyll cells was less serious than the treatment which was treated with PEG only, In-Si/+PEG treatment, nuclear disintegration occurred more frequently in root cells than that in+Si/+PEG treatment. The root cell wall was thickened after the application of silicon, and perhaps this thickening effect was related with enhanced root lignification by silicon application.
4. Effects of silicon on the differential gene expression of the silicon-binding proteins, silicon transporter proteins, aquaporins and late embryogenesis-abundant proteins of rice seedlings at seedling stage under PEG stress
The gene expression level of the silicon-binding proteins and silicon transporter proteins could be enhanced by the application of silicon, but their expression levels were significantly inhibited by PEG. The expression levels were higher at the initial stage after silicon application, however, with stress progressing, the expression decreased gradually. The mRNA expression relative abundance of the silicon-binding proteins and silicon transporter proteins of Xiushui11were significantly positively correlated with the total silicon content in corresponding organs (leaves and roots). Application of silicon further strengthened the inhibition of gene expression of rice aquaporins under PEG treatment. Under PEG stress, compared with the control, the gene expression relative abundance of late embryogenesis-abundant proteins (LEA) was significantly increased, but it was significantly reduced by silicon application. The gene expression level of LEA protein was extremely significantly positively correlated with the ABA content, significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, relative water content and cell turgor pressure in leaves of Xiushui11.
In conclusion, under water-deficit stress, silicon application could increase water content and improve organizational water status, thereby enhancing the drought-resistance ability of plant, and manifested as improvement of photosynthesis and other physiological characters. The enhanced drought-resistance ability might be mainly based on the improved osmotic adjustment ability, plasma membrane stability and root activity in the stressed rice after treated with silicon.
引文
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