断奶仔猪肠道健康的营养调节剂的应用
摘要
本研究采用断奶的杜长大仔猪,公母各半,按窝别、体重相近原则随机分组。对照组饲喂基础日粮或基础日粮加抗生素,试验组在基础日粮基础上分别添加不同水平的肠道健康的营养调节剂(丁酸甘油酯、谷氨酰胺、复合有机酸、丁酸梭菌或其复配营养组分),进行了生产试验及实验室分析研究。
1丁酸甘油酯调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
与对照组相比,试验期添加0.15%的丁酸甘油酯可以显著提高平均日增重10.24%,显著降低料肉比6.62%,显著减少仔猪腹泻发生率49.36%。
与对照组相比,添加0.15%丁酸甘油酯可显著提高小肠绒毛高度,降低小肠隐窝深度,提高绒毛高度／隐窝深度比值。与添加0.08%丁酸甘油酯相比,添加0.15%丁酸甘油酯差异显著。
2谷氨酰胺调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
试验结果表明,添加1%G1n显著提高断奶仔猪21-42日龄平均日增重,降低腹泻。显著提高肠道对D-木糖的吸收,降低尿素氮水平。1%Gln可显著抑制仔猪断奶早期二糖酶活性和绒毛长度的降低,降低隐窝深度。
小肠扫描电镜结果表明,添加1%Gln可显著降低断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞的萎缩和损伤,对照组小肠上皮细胞有明显的萎缩和损伤,而试验组肠上皮细胞比较完整。断奶7天后对照组绒毛发育略有好转。添加G1n后能够改善小肠黏膜上ATP的含量。受断奶应激的影响,断奶后各肠段黏膜NO含量略有下降,添加Gln后,能显著改善小肠黏膜内NO含量。断奶3天十二指肠和空肠黏膜NO含量两组差异显著,试验组比对照组分别高47.5%(P<0.05)、43.38%(P<0.05)。肠黏膜cAMP含量在断奶3天有显著的差异,其他各期差异不显著。空肠各时期cAMP含量变化不大,差异不显著。
3复合有机酸调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
通过抑菌圈试验,筛选出乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸作为复合酸化剂的有机酸源。通过正交试验,筛选出抑菌和有效降低饲料系酸力的配伍组合。与对照相比,在饲料中添加0.25%的各复合酸组合均可显著降低饲料系酸力。根据抑菌性、系酸力、分散度等,筛选出三种复合酸化剂。将筛选出的三种酸化剂应用于仔猪生产,生产性能试验结果表明：酸化剂效果与抗生素差异不显著。DGGE图谱分析表明,复合有机酸组细菌多样性优于抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)
4丁酸梭菌调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
体外研究表明,丁酸梭菌和大肠杆菌以1：1、5：1、10：1、100：1的菌数比在三角瓶中混合培养时,对大肠杆菌都产生了明显的拮抗作用。丁酸梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌以1：1、5：1、10：1、100：1的菌数比在三角瓶中混合培养时,都对产气荚膜梭菌产生了明显的拮抗作用。混合比例为5：1、10：1组的双歧杆菌活菌数在对数生长期的增值速度比对照组分别提高了75.98%、172.14%。
断奶仔猪上的应用表明,断奶后0-7天内,丁酸梭菌组的日均采食量显著大于对照组。丁酸梭菌组腹泻率较对照组有降低,但差异不显著。在各个阶段,丁酸梭菌组的大肠杆菌数均小于对照组,而乳酸菌数与双歧杆菌数均大于后对照组组,但差异不显著；在断奶后第7天与14天,丁酸梭菌组小肠各段的隐窝深度与对照组相比,均有下降的趋势。丁酸梭菌可显著提高仔猪断奶7天十二指肠绒毛高度。在断奶后第14天,丁酸梭菌组的溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活性显著大于对照组,在断奶后第7天,试验组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著大于对照组,丁酸梭菌组仔猪总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著大于对照组。
5、复合肠道营养调节剂在断奶仔猪上的应用
试验表明,将0.15%丁酸甘油酯、1%谷氨酰胺、0.25%复合有机酸和0.05%丁酸梭菌复配后添加到断奶仔猪专用饲料中,可以显著提升断奶仔猪的采食量和增重,并显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,
试验表明：复合肠道营养调节剂经过合理复配后完全可以替代乳猪饲料中的抗生素和高锌,而并不增加乳仔猪的腹泻率。
本文研究了谷氨酰胺、丁酸甘油酯、有机酸和丁酸梭菌等营养物质,并形成了一套完整的断奶仔猪肠道健康生理调节技术,开发了促进断奶仔猪肠道健康的营养调节剂,该产品应用于断奶仔猪饲料产品：离乳健、猪可乐和离乳乐。从2009年投产以来,已累计销售近5万吨,新增销售收入约20000万元,新增利润8400万元,新增税收1260万元。
The scholars, both at home and abroad, have been focusing on the effects of weaning stress on bowel structure damage and repair. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of weaning stress to the intestinal epithelium cells damage and thereby explore the repair process with nutrient treatment. It may lay the foundation for the further development of intestinal protection and restoration agent during early weaning.
The piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire strain) were weaned,and the same proportion of males and females was used. The piglets were randomly assigned into the control group and treatment groups based on their body weitht and litters. The piglets in control group were fed with basal diet or basal diet with antibiotics, and the piglets in treatment group were fed with the basal diet supplemented different level of nutrients including butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, Clostridium Butyricum or its complex. Results are as follows:
Experiment of butyrin supplementation:(1) Compared with the control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation greatly increased the average daily gain by10.24%, decreased the feed conversion ratio by6.62%, and reduced diarrhea piglets rate by49.36%for the entire experiment.(2) Compared with control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation significantly increased the height of the intestinal villus, decreased the intestinal crypt depth, and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Compared with0.08%butyrin supplementation,0.15%butyrin supplementation showed better productive performance and ameliorative effects on intestinal structure.
Experiment of glutamine (Gln) supplementation:The average daily gain was significantly increased by1%Gln supplementation during21-42days of age in weaned piglets, and the absorption of D-xylose was significantly improved. Gln treatment decreased diarrhea incidence and urea nitrogen level, and inhibited the reduction of disaccridase activity, villus height, and crypt depth in the small intestine.
The results of scanning electron microscope showed that1%Gln supplementation significantly reduced the shrinkage and damage of small intestinal epithelium cells of the Piglets compared with those in the control group. The villus development in control group was improved7days post-weaning. Gln treatment elevated ATP and NO concentration of in the small intestinal mucosa. The levels of NO in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa increased by47.5%(P<0.05) and43.38%(P<0.05), respectively, in the Gin group than those in the control group. The cAMP level in the duodenal mucosa was significantly different between the Gln group and the control group at3days post-weaning. No significant difference was found in the other phases. The difference of cAMP level was not significant in the jejunum at various stages.
Experiment of compound organic acid supplementation:By bacteriostatic circle test, lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were used as the organic compound acidification agent source. The antibacterial compatibility combination, which reduced the acid cohesion force of the feed, was selected through orthogonal test. Compared with the control group,0.25%compound acid combinations supplementation significantly decreased the acid cohesion force of feed. Based on the property of antibacterial,the acid cohesion, and the dispersion, three compound acid combinations were employed in piglet production. Results of productive performance indicated that there was no significant difference betteween the antibiotics group and acidulant group. DGGE map analysis showed that the diversity of bacteria in compound organic acids group was superior to antibiotics groups, but the diffirence is not significant (P>0.05).
Experiment of Clostridium Butyricum supplementation:the vitro studies showed that Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Clostridium perfringens when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum and Clostridium perfringens which mix proportions were1:1,5:1,10:1in the logarithm growth period increased by75.98%,172.14%compared with the control group.
The application of the study on weaned piglets showed that the average daily gain in Clostridium Butyricum group was significantly greater than that in the control group.The diarrhea rate was lower in Clostridium Butyricum group, but it had no significant difference compared with the control group.The number of Escherichia coli in Clostridium Butyricum group was less than that in the control group at each stage.whereas the number of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were greater, but there was no significant difference. Compared with the control, crypt depth in the small intestine had a decreased trend in Clostridium Butyricum group at7and14days post-weaning. Clostridium Butyricum treatment increased duodenal villus height significantly at7days post-weaning. The activities of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase were significantly greater in Clostridium Butyricum group than control group at14days after weaning. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum of Clostridium Butyricum group were higher than the control group at7days after weaning.
Results showed that the feed intake and average daily gain increased significantly while the feed special for weaned piglet was supplemented with the combination of butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum in appropriate dose
Summarily, butyrin and glutamine promote intestinal villi growth as one of the essential energy resources. Compound organic acids and Clostridium Butyricum inhibit the harmful germs, improve the proliferation of dominant bacterial, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance, which contributes to intestinal health. Thus, the product, combining butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum, possesses the anti-weaning stress and intestinal repair function and will be sure to have board market.
1丁酸甘油酯调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
与对照组相比,试验期添加0.15%的丁酸甘油酯可以显著提高平均日增重10.24%,显著降低料肉比6.62%,显著减少仔猪腹泻发生率49.36%。
与对照组相比,添加0.15%丁酸甘油酯可显著提高小肠绒毛高度,降低小肠隐窝深度,提高绒毛高度／隐窝深度比值。与添加0.08%丁酸甘油酯相比,添加0.15%丁酸甘油酯差异显著。
2谷氨酰胺调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
试验结果表明,添加1%G1n显著提高断奶仔猪21-42日龄平均日增重,降低腹泻。显著提高肠道对D-木糖的吸收,降低尿素氮水平。1%Gln可显著抑制仔猪断奶早期二糖酶活性和绒毛长度的降低,降低隐窝深度。
小肠扫描电镜结果表明,添加1%Gln可显著降低断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞的萎缩和损伤,对照组小肠上皮细胞有明显的萎缩和损伤,而试验组肠上皮细胞比较完整。断奶7天后对照组绒毛发育略有好转。添加G1n后能够改善小肠黏膜上ATP的含量。受断奶应激的影响,断奶后各肠段黏膜NO含量略有下降,添加Gln后,能显著改善小肠黏膜内NO含量。断奶3天十二指肠和空肠黏膜NO含量两组差异显著,试验组比对照组分别高47.5%(P<0.05)、43.38%(P<0.05)。肠黏膜cAMP含量在断奶3天有显著的差异,其他各期差异不显著。空肠各时期cAMP含量变化不大,差异不显著。
3复合有机酸调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
通过抑菌圈试验,筛选出乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸作为复合酸化剂的有机酸源。通过正交试验,筛选出抑菌和有效降低饲料系酸力的配伍组合。与对照相比,在饲料中添加0.25%的各复合酸组合均可显著降低饲料系酸力。根据抑菌性、系酸力、分散度等,筛选出三种复合酸化剂。将筛选出的三种酸化剂应用于仔猪生产,生产性能试验结果表明：酸化剂效果与抗生素差异不显著。DGGE图谱分析表明,复合有机酸组细菌多样性优于抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)
4丁酸梭菌调节断奶仔猪肠道健康的应用
体外研究表明,丁酸梭菌和大肠杆菌以1：1、5：1、10：1、100：1的菌数比在三角瓶中混合培养时,对大肠杆菌都产生了明显的拮抗作用。丁酸梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌以1：1、5：1、10：1、100：1的菌数比在三角瓶中混合培养时,都对产气荚膜梭菌产生了明显的拮抗作用。混合比例为5：1、10：1组的双歧杆菌活菌数在对数生长期的增值速度比对照组分别提高了75.98%、172.14%。
断奶仔猪上的应用表明,断奶后0-7天内,丁酸梭菌组的日均采食量显著大于对照组。丁酸梭菌组腹泻率较对照组有降低,但差异不显著。在各个阶段,丁酸梭菌组的大肠杆菌数均小于对照组,而乳酸菌数与双歧杆菌数均大于后对照组组,但差异不显著；在断奶后第7天与14天,丁酸梭菌组小肠各段的隐窝深度与对照组相比,均有下降的趋势。丁酸梭菌可显著提高仔猪断奶7天十二指肠绒毛高度。在断奶后第14天,丁酸梭菌组的溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活性显著大于对照组,在断奶后第7天,试验组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著大于对照组,丁酸梭菌组仔猪总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著大于对照组。
5、复合肠道营养调节剂在断奶仔猪上的应用
试验表明,将0.15%丁酸甘油酯、1%谷氨酰胺、0.25%复合有机酸和0.05%丁酸梭菌复配后添加到断奶仔猪专用饲料中,可以显著提升断奶仔猪的采食量和增重,并显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,
试验表明：复合肠道营养调节剂经过合理复配后完全可以替代乳猪饲料中的抗生素和高锌,而并不增加乳仔猪的腹泻率。
本文研究了谷氨酰胺、丁酸甘油酯、有机酸和丁酸梭菌等营养物质,并形成了一套完整的断奶仔猪肠道健康生理调节技术,开发了促进断奶仔猪肠道健康的营养调节剂,该产品应用于断奶仔猪饲料产品：离乳健、猪可乐和离乳乐。从2009年投产以来,已累计销售近5万吨,新增销售收入约20000万元,新增利润8400万元,新增税收1260万元。
The scholars, both at home and abroad, have been focusing on the effects of weaning stress on bowel structure damage and repair. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of weaning stress to the intestinal epithelium cells damage and thereby explore the repair process with nutrient treatment. It may lay the foundation for the further development of intestinal protection and restoration agent during early weaning.
The piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire strain) were weaned,and the same proportion of males and females was used. The piglets were randomly assigned into the control group and treatment groups based on their body weitht and litters. The piglets in control group were fed with basal diet or basal diet with antibiotics, and the piglets in treatment group were fed with the basal diet supplemented different level of nutrients including butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, Clostridium Butyricum or its complex. Results are as follows:
Experiment of butyrin supplementation:(1) Compared with the control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation greatly increased the average daily gain by10.24%, decreased the feed conversion ratio by6.62%, and reduced diarrhea piglets rate by49.36%for the entire experiment.(2) Compared with control group,0.15%butyrin supplementation significantly increased the height of the intestinal villus, decreased the intestinal crypt depth, and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Compared with0.08%butyrin supplementation,0.15%butyrin supplementation showed better productive performance and ameliorative effects on intestinal structure.
Experiment of glutamine (Gln) supplementation:The average daily gain was significantly increased by1%Gln supplementation during21-42days of age in weaned piglets, and the absorption of D-xylose was significantly improved. Gln treatment decreased diarrhea incidence and urea nitrogen level, and inhibited the reduction of disaccridase activity, villus height, and crypt depth in the small intestine.
The results of scanning electron microscope showed that1%Gln supplementation significantly reduced the shrinkage and damage of small intestinal epithelium cells of the Piglets compared with those in the control group. The villus development in control group was improved7days post-weaning. Gln treatment elevated ATP and NO concentration of in the small intestinal mucosa. The levels of NO in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa increased by47.5%(P<0.05) and43.38%(P<0.05), respectively, in the Gin group than those in the control group. The cAMP level in the duodenal mucosa was significantly different between the Gln group and the control group at3days post-weaning. No significant difference was found in the other phases. The difference of cAMP level was not significant in the jejunum at various stages.
Experiment of compound organic acid supplementation:By bacteriostatic circle test, lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were used as the organic compound acidification agent source. The antibacterial compatibility combination, which reduced the acid cohesion force of the feed, was selected through orthogonal test. Compared with the control group,0.25%compound acid combinations supplementation significantly decreased the acid cohesion force of feed. Based on the property of antibacterial,the acid cohesion, and the dispersion, three compound acid combinations were employed in piglet production. Results of productive performance indicated that there was no significant difference betteween the antibiotics group and acidulant group. DGGE map analysis showed that the diversity of bacteria in compound organic acids group was superior to antibiotics groups, but the diffirence is not significant (P>0.05).
Experiment of Clostridium Butyricum supplementation:the vitro studies showed that Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum had significantly inhibitory effect on Clostridium perfringens when mixing them at the ratios of1:1,5:1,10:1100:1in the triangle bottle. Clostridium Butyricum and Clostridium perfringens which mix proportions were1:1,5:1,10:1in the logarithm growth period increased by75.98%,172.14%compared with the control group.
The application of the study on weaned piglets showed that the average daily gain in Clostridium Butyricum group was significantly greater than that in the control group.The diarrhea rate was lower in Clostridium Butyricum group, but it had no significant difference compared with the control group.The number of Escherichia coli in Clostridium Butyricum group was less than that in the control group at each stage.whereas the number of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were greater, but there was no significant difference. Compared with the control, crypt depth in the small intestine had a decreased trend in Clostridium Butyricum group at7and14days post-weaning. Clostridium Butyricum treatment increased duodenal villus height significantly at7days post-weaning. The activities of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase were significantly greater in Clostridium Butyricum group than control group at14days after weaning. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum of Clostridium Butyricum group were higher than the control group at7days after weaning.
Results showed that the feed intake and average daily gain increased significantly while the feed special for weaned piglet was supplemented with the combination of butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum in appropriate dose
Summarily, butyrin and glutamine promote intestinal villi growth as one of the essential energy resources. Compound organic acids and Clostridium Butyricum inhibit the harmful germs, improve the proliferation of dominant bacterial, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance, which contributes to intestinal health. Thus, the product, combining butyrin, glutamine, compound organic acids, and Clostridium Butyricum, possesses the anti-weaning stress and intestinal repair function and will be sure to have board market.
引文
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