考虑资源环境因素的中国农业生产率研究
|
摘要
农业生产率作为度量农业经济增长绩效的重要指标,一直是学术界研究的热点。迄今为止,国内外研究者运用不同方法从不同角度对我国的农业生产率进行了测度,力图准确描述现实农业经济增长的方式和路径。然而长期以来,文献中对农业生产率的度量只基于传统的资本、劳动和土地等要素,很少统筹兼顾与农业可持续发展息息相关的资源与环境要素。可持续发展理论认为,资源和环境因素不仅是经济发展的内生变量,而且是经济发展规模和速度的刚性约束。传统的农业生产率评价方式由于没有考虑资源约束和环境污染,实际上忽略了经济增长对社会福利的负面影响,无法反映出我国农业经济增长的真实绩效,甚至会使基于生产率的政府决策发生偏误,导致对农业生产和农民利益产生长期的负面影响。
事实上,中国的农业经济在快速发展的同时带来了严重的自然资源破坏和环境污染,并且已经对农业经济的长期增长产生了巨大的负面影响。随着资源约束和环境污染问题的日益突出,中国的农业发展已不再仅局限于如何协调投入要素节约和农业经济增长,还必须充分考虑自然资源的承载能力及对农业环境的保护,实现资源节约、环境保护和经济增长的可持续增长模式。要转变农业经济发展模式,使农业经济朝着“又好又快”的方向发展,首先要纠正传统的经济绩效考核手段,将资源的约束与对环境的负面影响纳入到统一的绩效评价框架中。自然资源消耗的相对节约,环境破坏程度的相对降低是农业经济增长绩效提高的重要标志,也应该是农业生产率分析的研究课题。因此,考虑资源和环境因素,从资源和环境约束的视角重新审视和评价我国的农业生产率水平显得十分必要和紧迫。
基于此,本研究的总目标是：在全面推进“两型农业”建设、转变农业经济发展方式的背景下,将水资源和农业面源污染因素引入传统的农业生产率分析框架,从资源和环境约束的视角系统性地分析中国农业的生产率问题,测定我国不同区域考虑水资源和农业面源污染因素后的农业绿色生产率水平,分析我国农业绿色生产率的收敛性,识别影响我国农业绿色生产率的主要因素,以期更加准确地评估我国农业经济的增长绩效,促进我国农业部门实现资源节约、环境保护和经济增长的三者统筹发展。这在中共十七届三中全会提出建立资源节约型和环境友好型的“两型农业”生产体系理念的时代背景下具有重要的现实意义,也是最终实现中国农业经济“又好又快”发展的迫切需要和内在要求。全文共分为六个部分,主要研究内容和相关结论如下：
研究内容一：考虑资源环境因素后的中国农业绿色生产率评价
本部分内容运用SBM方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了考虑水资源和农业面源污染因素后的中国30个省份1998-2009年的农业绿色技术效率和农业绿色全要素生产率。研究结果发现：(1)不考虑资源环境因素将会高估我国的农业生产率水平。在不考虑水资源消耗和农业面源污染影响的情况下,中国各省份1998-2009年农业技术效率和农业全要素生产率均值分别为0.636、1.051；而考虑水资源消耗和农业面源污染后,中国各省份农业绿色技术效率和农业绿色全要素生产率均值分别下降为0.499、1.029；(2)不考虑资源环境因素会高估技术进步对农业全要素生产率的贡献程度和技术效率的恶化程度,从而可能对农业全要素生产率的增长模式及其蕴含的政策含义产生误判；(3)我国的农业绿色生产率水平整体上处于“及格线”以下,资源消耗和环境污染已经对我国的农业发展造成了较大的效率损失,我国的农业增长呈现出以严重破坏生态环境和大量消耗资源为代价的粗放型增长；(4)我国东部地区农业绿色生产率水平高于中西部地区,中西部地区呈现出农业经济发展缓慢和资源消耗、环境破坏的“双重恶化”情况,面临着农业增长与资源环境相协调的艰巨任务；(5)目前我国以京津沪三大直辖市和海南省为代表的东部省份农业经济发展和资源环境较为协调,而传统的农业大省(如河北、山东、湖南等)以及西部偏远省份(如青海、宁夏、新疆等)农业经济发展和资源环境较不协调；(6)资源消耗过多和环境污染排放过多是农业绿色生产率低下的主要原因。我国在减少农业面源污染排放量和降低水、役畜、劳动力、土地等要素投入量方面有很大的改善潜力。
研究内容二：中国农业绿色生产率的收敛性判断
本部分内容借助经济收敛的相关理论和方法,分别从绝对收敛、条件收敛、俱乐部收敛、随机收敛以及增长分布动态五个方面对农业绿色生产率的收敛性进行全方位的检验,探究我国省际间农业绿色生产率差距的现状及其动态演变趋势。研究结果发现：(1)在整个样本考察期间内,我国各省农业绿色生产率不存在绝对收敛,省际间农业绿色生产率的差异不会无条件的自动消失。然而,省际农业绿色生产率表现出了显著的条件收敛趋势,各省农业绿色生产率一直朝着自身的稳态水平增长；(2)不管是从全国整体还是分区域来看,我国农业绿色生产率均不存在着随机收敛,这说明区域间农业绿色生产率的差距并不是短期性的,各省农业绿色生产率的差距将会一直长期的客观存在；(3)进一步的增长分布动态分析结果表明我国农业绿色生产率在逐步提高的同时出现“双峰”分布的现象,并且流动性较低,形成了低生产率、中低生产率、中高生产率和高生产率的地区集聚,同时根据马尔科夫转移矩阵无法求解出一个稳态的分布矩阵。这再一次说明我国农业绿色生产率无法走向协调发展,地区间农业绿色生产率趋异的状态将持续。
研究内容三：中国农业绿色生产率影响因素的空间计量分析
每个地区并不是独立存在的个体,与其他地区会存在经济以及社会上的往来。由于农业生产对自然条件的依赖性较强,相邻地区在作物种植品种以及农业生产技术等方面具有更高的相似性,相邻地区的农业技术扩散和技术溢出会相对较为容易,同时随着近年来我国农业市场体系的日趋完善和区域开放程度的不断扩大,相邻地区之间的技术溢出可能会更为明显。因此,本部分内容采用空间计量经济模型,在充分考虑农业绿色生产率空间效应的基础上,对中国农业绿色生产率的空间相关性及其影响因素进行了分析。研究发现：(])区域农业绿色生产率水平具有显著的空间正相关关系。一个地区的农业绿色生产率水平并不是无规律的随机分布,而是依赖于与之具有相似空间特征地区的农业绿色生产率水平；(2)地理因素对农业绿色生产率水平具有显著的影响。随着农业市场体系的日趋完善和区域开放程度的扩大,农业生产要素的空间流动性越来越大,农业生产单元之间的联系越来越紧密,产生相邻地区农业绿色生产率水平相互依赖的现象；(3)农业结构中养殖业比重的上升、政府实施的农村财政支农政策和农产品价格政策、城乡收入差距的扩大以及工业化程度的提高会降低我国的农业绿色生产率水平；而农业灌溉设施投资力度的加大以及贸易开放程度的提高能够有效地提升我国的农业绿色生产率水平。
根据以上研究结论,本文提出促进我国农业经济和资源环境协调发展的政策建议,主要包括：转变以往的农业补贴方式,加强对资源环境友好的生产行为补贴；调整农业结构,大力发展循环农业和生态农业；加强农业面源污染的监测和评估,完善农村资源环境法律体系；完善农业技术推广体系,推动跨区域的合作交流等。
本研究为定量地评估我国农业经济发展所产生的资源环境代价提供了一个替代性的理论方法和分析框架,有助于更加客观地评估我国农业经济增长的质量,对建设“两型农业”和促进农业经济“又好又快”发展有所助益。
As an important indicator of agricultural growth performance, agricultural productivity has attracted close attention of the academic research. So far, researchers use different methods to calculate agriculture productivity trying to describe the accurate agricultural economic growth mode of China. However, most of the existing literatures about agricultural productivity measurement only take account of the traditional inputs such as capital, labor and land, rarely taking overall consideration with resource and environmental factors which are closely related to the agriculture sustainable development. Sustainable development theory points out that resource and environmental factors are not only the endogenous variables of economic development, but also have rigid constraint to economic development speed. The traditional agricultural productivity measurement ignoring resource and environmental factors is a biased evaluation and is unable to reflect the real growth performance of agriculture.
As we all know, China has witnessed rapid agricultural economic growth since the Chinese government started economic reform in1978, but serious destruction of natural resources and agriculture environmental pollution brought by the economic growth also attracts the world's attention. The destruction of natural resources and environmental pollution has produced tremendous negative effect on the agricultural economic growth. With the increasingly outstanding problem of natural resources destruction and agriculture environmental pollution, China's agricultural development is not only aimed at coordinating inputs saving and economic growth, but also must take into account of the natural resources bearing capacity and environment protection. Saving natural resources and reducing agriculture environmental pollution are the main issues in agriculture productivity calculation. In this context, it makes sense to take natural resources and agriculture environmental pollution into account when exploring China's agricultural productivity growth. Under the background of building "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth mode, our primary goal is to take water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution into the traditional measurement of agricultural productivity. We want to know the agricultural green productivity of our country when considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution. By doing this, we can obtain a "true" evaluation of China's agricultural productivity growth and to promote agricultural economic growth in a fast and sound way. This paper is divided into six parts, the main contents and the related conclusions are as follows:
Content1:Evaluating agricultural green productivity in China considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution
This content applies SBM directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to estimate agricultural green productivity (agricultural green technology efficiency and agricultural green total factor productivity) in China over the period1998to2009while accounting for factors about water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution. The major conclusions are as follows:(1) Ignoring water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution will overestimate the agricultural productivity. When considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution, the agricultural green technology efficiency and agricultural green total factor productivity is0.499and1.029respectively; while we don't take water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution into account, the traditional agricultural technology efficiency and agricultural total factor productivity is0.636and1.051respectively;(2) If we don't consider water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution, agricultural productivity accounting may overstate technology changes contribution, and technical efficiency deterioration. The agricultural economic growth mode and policy implication taken from agricultural productivity will be biased;(3) The overall agriculture green productivity is low, this implies water resource consumption and agricultural non-point source pollution has already caused great loss to the agricultural economic growth. China's agricultural economic rapid growth is at the expense of natural resources destruction and agriculture environmental pollution;(4) Agricultural green productivity is higher in eastern regions than Centre and western regions. Centre and western regions present a resource-consumping and environment-destruction growth path. The coordination task of agricultural economic growth and environmental protection and resource saving is very difficult in central and western regions;(5) The agricultural green productivity is high in eastern coastal areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Hainan. However, the relationship between agricultural economic growth and resource and environment is seriously unbalanced in the traditional agricultural provinces such as Hebei, Shandong, and Hunan and in the western regions such as Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia;(6) The overuse of resources and the excess of agriculture environmental pollution emission are the main source of our country's low agricultural green productivity.
Content2:Testing convergence of agricultural green productivity in China
Based on the measurement and calculation of Chinese agricultural green productivity in content1, this content tested the convergence hypothesis of the agricultural green productivity. The convergence hypothesis includes σ convergence, unconditional β convergence, conditional β convergence, club convergence, stochastic convergence and dynamic distribution. The empirical results indicate that:(1) Agricultural green productivity shows no absolute convergence, that is agricultural green productivity regional differences will not disappear automatically unconditionally, but the remarkable conditional β convergence exists in the agricultural green productivity growth;(2) Results from stochastic convergence test show that the regional disparities of agricultural green productivity is not short-term and will exists objectively;(3) Dynamic distribution analysis shows that the mobility of agricultural green productivity is low. This again proves that the regional disparities of China's agricultural green productivity will continue for a long time.
Content3:Analyzing the influencing factors of agricultural green productivity
This content we use spatial econometric methods to find out the influencing factors of agricultural green productivity. The reasons for using spatial econometric method are that: firstly, as we all know, agriculture production has a strong dependence on natural conditions, the crop varieties and the agricultural production technology will be similar in adjacent areas, agricultural technology diffusion and technology spillover will be relatively easy; secondly, with the development of agriculture socialization service system, the technology spillover of the adjacent areas may be more obvious. The spatial econometric results are as follows:(1) There is significant spatial correlation of agricultural green productivity during the period range of the sample. The agricultural green productivity of an area isn't distributed randomly, but is dependent on the adjacent areas which spatial characteristics are similar;(2) The geographical factor has significant impact on the agricultural green productivity. With the gradual perfection of the market system and the expansion of regional opening degree, the spatial fluidity of agricultural production factors is bigger and the connection between different areas is faster, all these will cause the spatial correlation of agricultural green productivity;(3) The risen of breeding industry proportion and the decline of planting proportion in the agriculture, the financial supporting policy and the agricultural product pricing policy, the widen of income gap between rural and urban, the enhancement of industrialization degree will lower our country's agricultural green productivity; but the increase of agricultural irrigation facilities investment and the improvement of trade openness will promote our country's agricultural green productivity.
Based on the empirical study, the dissertation puts forward the following measures to promote the harmonious development between resource environment and agricultural economic growth:(1) Change the path of agricultural economic growth and build "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth mode;(2) Improve the agricultural resource and environment management policy and make the integrated use of a variety of policy tools;(3) Strengthen agricultural technical training and promotion and promote regional cooperation.
The research provides a complete analytical framework and method to measure the cost of resources and environment brought about by the agricultural economic growth. According, the research not only contribute to a more objective assessment of China's agricultural economic growth quality, but also has some benefits to the construction of "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth.
事实上,中国的农业经济在快速发展的同时带来了严重的自然资源破坏和环境污染,并且已经对农业经济的长期增长产生了巨大的负面影响。随着资源约束和环境污染问题的日益突出,中国的农业发展已不再仅局限于如何协调投入要素节约和农业经济增长,还必须充分考虑自然资源的承载能力及对农业环境的保护,实现资源节约、环境保护和经济增长的可持续增长模式。要转变农业经济发展模式,使农业经济朝着“又好又快”的方向发展,首先要纠正传统的经济绩效考核手段,将资源的约束与对环境的负面影响纳入到统一的绩效评价框架中。自然资源消耗的相对节约,环境破坏程度的相对降低是农业经济增长绩效提高的重要标志,也应该是农业生产率分析的研究课题。因此,考虑资源和环境因素,从资源和环境约束的视角重新审视和评价我国的农业生产率水平显得十分必要和紧迫。
基于此,本研究的总目标是：在全面推进“两型农业”建设、转变农业经济发展方式的背景下,将水资源和农业面源污染因素引入传统的农业生产率分析框架,从资源和环境约束的视角系统性地分析中国农业的生产率问题,测定我国不同区域考虑水资源和农业面源污染因素后的农业绿色生产率水平,分析我国农业绿色生产率的收敛性,识别影响我国农业绿色生产率的主要因素,以期更加准确地评估我国农业经济的增长绩效,促进我国农业部门实现资源节约、环境保护和经济增长的三者统筹发展。这在中共十七届三中全会提出建立资源节约型和环境友好型的“两型农业”生产体系理念的时代背景下具有重要的现实意义,也是最终实现中国农业经济“又好又快”发展的迫切需要和内在要求。全文共分为六个部分,主要研究内容和相关结论如下：
研究内容一：考虑资源环境因素后的中国农业绿色生产率评价
本部分内容运用SBM方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了考虑水资源和农业面源污染因素后的中国30个省份1998-2009年的农业绿色技术效率和农业绿色全要素生产率。研究结果发现：(1)不考虑资源环境因素将会高估我国的农业生产率水平。在不考虑水资源消耗和农业面源污染影响的情况下,中国各省份1998-2009年农业技术效率和农业全要素生产率均值分别为0.636、1.051；而考虑水资源消耗和农业面源污染后,中国各省份农业绿色技术效率和农业绿色全要素生产率均值分别下降为0.499、1.029；(2)不考虑资源环境因素会高估技术进步对农业全要素生产率的贡献程度和技术效率的恶化程度,从而可能对农业全要素生产率的增长模式及其蕴含的政策含义产生误判；(3)我国的农业绿色生产率水平整体上处于“及格线”以下,资源消耗和环境污染已经对我国的农业发展造成了较大的效率损失,我国的农业增长呈现出以严重破坏生态环境和大量消耗资源为代价的粗放型增长；(4)我国东部地区农业绿色生产率水平高于中西部地区,中西部地区呈现出农业经济发展缓慢和资源消耗、环境破坏的“双重恶化”情况,面临着农业增长与资源环境相协调的艰巨任务；(5)目前我国以京津沪三大直辖市和海南省为代表的东部省份农业经济发展和资源环境较为协调,而传统的农业大省(如河北、山东、湖南等)以及西部偏远省份(如青海、宁夏、新疆等)农业经济发展和资源环境较不协调；(6)资源消耗过多和环境污染排放过多是农业绿色生产率低下的主要原因。我国在减少农业面源污染排放量和降低水、役畜、劳动力、土地等要素投入量方面有很大的改善潜力。
研究内容二：中国农业绿色生产率的收敛性判断
本部分内容借助经济收敛的相关理论和方法,分别从绝对收敛、条件收敛、俱乐部收敛、随机收敛以及增长分布动态五个方面对农业绿色生产率的收敛性进行全方位的检验,探究我国省际间农业绿色生产率差距的现状及其动态演变趋势。研究结果发现：(1)在整个样本考察期间内,我国各省农业绿色生产率不存在绝对收敛,省际间农业绿色生产率的差异不会无条件的自动消失。然而,省际农业绿色生产率表现出了显著的条件收敛趋势,各省农业绿色生产率一直朝着自身的稳态水平增长；(2)不管是从全国整体还是分区域来看,我国农业绿色生产率均不存在着随机收敛,这说明区域间农业绿色生产率的差距并不是短期性的,各省农业绿色生产率的差距将会一直长期的客观存在；(3)进一步的增长分布动态分析结果表明我国农业绿色生产率在逐步提高的同时出现“双峰”分布的现象,并且流动性较低,形成了低生产率、中低生产率、中高生产率和高生产率的地区集聚,同时根据马尔科夫转移矩阵无法求解出一个稳态的分布矩阵。这再一次说明我国农业绿色生产率无法走向协调发展,地区间农业绿色生产率趋异的状态将持续。
研究内容三：中国农业绿色生产率影响因素的空间计量分析
每个地区并不是独立存在的个体,与其他地区会存在经济以及社会上的往来。由于农业生产对自然条件的依赖性较强,相邻地区在作物种植品种以及农业生产技术等方面具有更高的相似性,相邻地区的农业技术扩散和技术溢出会相对较为容易,同时随着近年来我国农业市场体系的日趋完善和区域开放程度的不断扩大,相邻地区之间的技术溢出可能会更为明显。因此,本部分内容采用空间计量经济模型,在充分考虑农业绿色生产率空间效应的基础上,对中国农业绿色生产率的空间相关性及其影响因素进行了分析。研究发现：(])区域农业绿色生产率水平具有显著的空间正相关关系。一个地区的农业绿色生产率水平并不是无规律的随机分布,而是依赖于与之具有相似空间特征地区的农业绿色生产率水平；(2)地理因素对农业绿色生产率水平具有显著的影响。随着农业市场体系的日趋完善和区域开放程度的扩大,农业生产要素的空间流动性越来越大,农业生产单元之间的联系越来越紧密,产生相邻地区农业绿色生产率水平相互依赖的现象；(3)农业结构中养殖业比重的上升、政府实施的农村财政支农政策和农产品价格政策、城乡收入差距的扩大以及工业化程度的提高会降低我国的农业绿色生产率水平；而农业灌溉设施投资力度的加大以及贸易开放程度的提高能够有效地提升我国的农业绿色生产率水平。
根据以上研究结论,本文提出促进我国农业经济和资源环境协调发展的政策建议,主要包括：转变以往的农业补贴方式,加强对资源环境友好的生产行为补贴；调整农业结构,大力发展循环农业和生态农业；加强农业面源污染的监测和评估,完善农村资源环境法律体系；完善农业技术推广体系,推动跨区域的合作交流等。
本研究为定量地评估我国农业经济发展所产生的资源环境代价提供了一个替代性的理论方法和分析框架,有助于更加客观地评估我国农业经济增长的质量,对建设“两型农业”和促进农业经济“又好又快”发展有所助益。
As an important indicator of agricultural growth performance, agricultural productivity has attracted close attention of the academic research. So far, researchers use different methods to calculate agriculture productivity trying to describe the accurate agricultural economic growth mode of China. However, most of the existing literatures about agricultural productivity measurement only take account of the traditional inputs such as capital, labor and land, rarely taking overall consideration with resource and environmental factors which are closely related to the agriculture sustainable development. Sustainable development theory points out that resource and environmental factors are not only the endogenous variables of economic development, but also have rigid constraint to economic development speed. The traditional agricultural productivity measurement ignoring resource and environmental factors is a biased evaluation and is unable to reflect the real growth performance of agriculture.
As we all know, China has witnessed rapid agricultural economic growth since the Chinese government started economic reform in1978, but serious destruction of natural resources and agriculture environmental pollution brought by the economic growth also attracts the world's attention. The destruction of natural resources and environmental pollution has produced tremendous negative effect on the agricultural economic growth. With the increasingly outstanding problem of natural resources destruction and agriculture environmental pollution, China's agricultural development is not only aimed at coordinating inputs saving and economic growth, but also must take into account of the natural resources bearing capacity and environment protection. Saving natural resources and reducing agriculture environmental pollution are the main issues in agriculture productivity calculation. In this context, it makes sense to take natural resources and agriculture environmental pollution into account when exploring China's agricultural productivity growth. Under the background of building "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth mode, our primary goal is to take water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution into the traditional measurement of agricultural productivity. We want to know the agricultural green productivity of our country when considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution. By doing this, we can obtain a "true" evaluation of China's agricultural productivity growth and to promote agricultural economic growth in a fast and sound way. This paper is divided into six parts, the main contents and the related conclusions are as follows:
Content1:Evaluating agricultural green productivity in China considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution
This content applies SBM directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to estimate agricultural green productivity (agricultural green technology efficiency and agricultural green total factor productivity) in China over the period1998to2009while accounting for factors about water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution. The major conclusions are as follows:(1) Ignoring water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution will overestimate the agricultural productivity. When considering water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution, the agricultural green technology efficiency and agricultural green total factor productivity is0.499and1.029respectively; while we don't take water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution into account, the traditional agricultural technology efficiency and agricultural total factor productivity is0.636and1.051respectively;(2) If we don't consider water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution, agricultural productivity accounting may overstate technology changes contribution, and technical efficiency deterioration. The agricultural economic growth mode and policy implication taken from agricultural productivity will be biased;(3) The overall agriculture green productivity is low, this implies water resource consumption and agricultural non-point source pollution has already caused great loss to the agricultural economic growth. China's agricultural economic rapid growth is at the expense of natural resources destruction and agriculture environmental pollution;(4) Agricultural green productivity is higher in eastern regions than Centre and western regions. Centre and western regions present a resource-consumping and environment-destruction growth path. The coordination task of agricultural economic growth and environmental protection and resource saving is very difficult in central and western regions;(5) The agricultural green productivity is high in eastern coastal areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Hainan. However, the relationship between agricultural economic growth and resource and environment is seriously unbalanced in the traditional agricultural provinces such as Hebei, Shandong, and Hunan and in the western regions such as Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia;(6) The overuse of resources and the excess of agriculture environmental pollution emission are the main source of our country's low agricultural green productivity.
Content2:Testing convergence of agricultural green productivity in China
Based on the measurement and calculation of Chinese agricultural green productivity in content1, this content tested the convergence hypothesis of the agricultural green productivity. The convergence hypothesis includes σ convergence, unconditional β convergence, conditional β convergence, club convergence, stochastic convergence and dynamic distribution. The empirical results indicate that:(1) Agricultural green productivity shows no absolute convergence, that is agricultural green productivity regional differences will not disappear automatically unconditionally, but the remarkable conditional β convergence exists in the agricultural green productivity growth;(2) Results from stochastic convergence test show that the regional disparities of agricultural green productivity is not short-term and will exists objectively;(3) Dynamic distribution analysis shows that the mobility of agricultural green productivity is low. This again proves that the regional disparities of China's agricultural green productivity will continue for a long time.
Content3:Analyzing the influencing factors of agricultural green productivity
This content we use spatial econometric methods to find out the influencing factors of agricultural green productivity. The reasons for using spatial econometric method are that: firstly, as we all know, agriculture production has a strong dependence on natural conditions, the crop varieties and the agricultural production technology will be similar in adjacent areas, agricultural technology diffusion and technology spillover will be relatively easy; secondly, with the development of agriculture socialization service system, the technology spillover of the adjacent areas may be more obvious. The spatial econometric results are as follows:(1) There is significant spatial correlation of agricultural green productivity during the period range of the sample. The agricultural green productivity of an area isn't distributed randomly, but is dependent on the adjacent areas which spatial characteristics are similar;(2) The geographical factor has significant impact on the agricultural green productivity. With the gradual perfection of the market system and the expansion of regional opening degree, the spatial fluidity of agricultural production factors is bigger and the connection between different areas is faster, all these will cause the spatial correlation of agricultural green productivity;(3) The risen of breeding industry proportion and the decline of planting proportion in the agriculture, the financial supporting policy and the agricultural product pricing policy, the widen of income gap between rural and urban, the enhancement of industrialization degree will lower our country's agricultural green productivity; but the increase of agricultural irrigation facilities investment and the improvement of trade openness will promote our country's agricultural green productivity.
Based on the empirical study, the dissertation puts forward the following measures to promote the harmonious development between resource environment and agricultural economic growth:(1) Change the path of agricultural economic growth and build "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth mode;(2) Improve the agricultural resource and environment management policy and make the integrated use of a variety of policy tools;(3) Strengthen agricultural technical training and promotion and promote regional cooperation.
The research provides a complete analytical framework and method to measure the cost of resources and environment brought about by the agricultural economic growth. According, the research not only contribute to a more objective assessment of China's agricultural economic growth quality, but also has some benefits to the construction of "resource-saving and environment-friendly" agricultural economic growth.
引文
[1]Allan Rae and Hengyun Ma. Projecting China's Grains and Meats Trade:Sensitivity to Agricultural Productivity Growth[R].Presented at International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual General Meeting, Session on Research Plan and Reports, San Antonio, Texas,2003(11):14-16.
[2]Abler, D. G. and D. Pick. NAFTA, Agriculture and the Environment in Mexico [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1993,75(3):794-798.
[3]Appleton, S and A Balihuta. Education and Agricultural Productivity:Evidence from Uganda [J]. Journal of International Development,1996,8(5):415-444.
[4]Anderson, J.R. Policy Issues for the International Community Agricultural Technology [J].CAB International,1994.
[5]A. M. Tang. An Analytical and Empirical Investigation of Agriculture in Mainland China: 1952-80 [J]. Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taipei, Taiwan,1982.
[6]Anderson, E., B. Weitz. Determinants of Continuity in Conventional Industrial Channel Dyads [J]. Marketing Sci,1989,8(4):310-323.
[7]Anselin, L. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988.
[8]Anselin, L.:GeoDaTM 0.9 User's Guide, http://geodacenter.org,2003.
[9]Anselin, L., R. Florax and S. Rey (edsd.). Advanced in Spatial Econometrics:Methodology, Tools and Applications [M]. Berlin, Springer Verlag,2004.
[10]Alexiadis S. Convergence in Agriculture:Evidence from the European Regions [J]. Agricultural Economics Review,2010,23(11):84-96.
[11]Ball, E.R. Fare, S. Grosskopf, and R. Nehring. Productivity of the U. S. Agricultural Sector:The Case of Undesirable Outputs [J]. In C. R. Hulten, E. R. Dean and M. J. Harper (eds.), New Developments in Productivity Analysis. University of Chicago Press,2001,541-586.
[12]Bandara, J. S. and I. Coxhead. Can Trade Liberalization Have Environmental Benefits in Developing Country Agriculture:a Sri Lankan Case Study [J]. Journal of Policy Modeling,1999, 21(3):349-374.
[13]Bonnieux, F. and P. Rainell, i. Agricultural Policy and Environment in Developed Countries [J]. European Review of Agricultural Economics,1988,15(2):263-281.
[14]Beghin, J., S. Dessus, D. Roland-Holst and D. van der Mensbrugghe. The Trade and Environment Nexus in Mexican Agriculture:a General Equilibrium Analysis [J]. Agricultural Economics,1997, 17(1):315-131.
[15]Bernard, A. and Jones, C. I. Comparing Apples to Oranges:Productivity Convergence and Measurement across Industries and Counties [J]. American Economic Review,1996, 86(5):1216-1238.
[16]Barro,R J and Sala-I-Martin. Convergence across States and Regions [J]. Brookings Papers on Economic activity,1991 (1):107-182.
[17]Bernard A.B. and Durlauf S.N.Convergence in International Output [J]. Journal of Applied Econometrics,1995,10(2):97-108.
[18]Barro R J and Sala-I-Martin X. Economic Growth [M]. New York, McGraw,1995.
[19]Chung, Y., Fare, R., Grosskopf, S. Productivity and Undesirable Outputs:A Directional Distance Function Approach [J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[20]Chen P C, Yu M M, Chang C C et al. Total Factor Productivity Growth in China's Agricultural Sector [J]. China Economic Review,2008,19(4):580-593.
[21]Chiang, M. H. and Kao, C. On Stationary Panel Time Series Using NPT 1.3[M]. A User Guide, Center of Policy Research, Syracuse University, New York.2002.
[22]Carlino Gerald A. and Leonard Mills. Are U.S. Regional Incomes Converging? A Time Series Analysis [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1993,32(12):335-346.
[23]David K. Lambert and Elliott Parker. Productivity in Chinese Provincial Agriculture [J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1998,49(3):378-392.
[24]DeBrauw, Alan, Huang J K et al. The Evolution of Chinas Rural Labor Markets during the Reforms [J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2002,30(2):329-353.
[25]Espey, M., J.A. Espey, W. Shaw Price Elasticity of Residential Demand for Water:A Meta-analysis [J]. Water Resource,1997,33(6):1369-1374.
[26]Elhorst, J. P. Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models [J].International Regional Science Review,2003,26(3):244-268.
[27]Elhorst J P. Spatial Panel Data Models[C]. In Fischer M, Getis A eds. Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis [M]. Berlin:Springer,2010.
[28]Fan S G. Effects of Technological Change and Institutional Reform on Production Growth in Chinese Agriculture [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,73(2):266-275.
[29]Fan S G. Production and Productivity Growth in Chinese Agriculture:New Measurement and Evidence [J]. Food Policy,1997,22(3):213-228.
[30]Fan S G, Zhang X B. Production and Productivity Growth in Chinese Agriculture:New National and Regional Measures [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,2002,50(4):819-838.
[31]Fan S G. Research Investment and the Economic Returns to Chinese Agricultural Research [J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2000,14(92):63-80.
[32]Fan S G. Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty, Lessons from Developing Countries [M]. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.2007.
[33]Gene V. Glass, Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research [J]. Educational Research, 1976,5(10):3-8.
[34]Hailu Atakelty, Terrence S Veeman. Non-Parametric Productivity Analysis with Undesirable Outputs:An Application to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(3):805-816.
[35]Hayami, Y., Inagi, K. International Comparisons of Agricultural Productivity [J]. Farm Econ. 1969(11):407-419.
[36]Hayami, Y., Ruttan V. W. Agricultural Development:An International Perspective [M]. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,1985.
[37]Hall and Jones. Why Do Some Countries Produce Much More Output per Worker than Others [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[38]Haizhi Tong, L.E. Fulginiti and J. P. Sesmero. Chinese Regional Agricultural Productivity: 1994-2005 [R]. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference Paper,2009.
[39]Hunter, J.E., Schmidt, F.L. Methods of Meta-Analysis:Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings [M]. Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications,2004.
[40]Hu JinLi, HerJiun Sheu and ShihFang Lo. Under the Shadow of Asian Brown Clouds: Unbalanced Regional Productivities in China and Environmental Concerns [J]. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2005,12(4):429-442.
[41]Johnson D.G. Agriculture and the Wealth of Nations [J].American Economic Review,1997, 87(2):1-12.
[42]Jon P. Nelson, Peter E. Kennedy. The Use of Meta-analysis in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics:an Assessment [J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,2009, 42(3):345-377.
[43]Jin S Q, Huang J K, Hu R F and Scott Rozelle. The Creation and Spread of Technology and Total Factor Productivity in China's Agriculture [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2002, 84(4):916-930.
[44]Khan, M. S. A Macroeconomic Adjustment in Developing Countries:A Policy Perspective [J]. World Bank Research Observer,1987,2(1):23-42.
[45]Lin J Y. Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China [J]. The American Economic Review, 1992,82(1):34-51.
[46]Lewandrowsk, i J., J.Tobey and Z. Cook. The Interface between Agricultural Assistance and the Environment:Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Area Expansion [J]. Land Economics,1997, 73(3):404-427.
[47]Lopez R. The Environment as Factor of Production:The Effects of Economic Growth and Trade Liberalization [J]. Journal of Environment Economics and Management.1994,27(9):163-184.
[48]L6pez-Bazo E, Vaya E, Mora AJ and Surinach J. Regional Economic Dynamics and Convergence in the European Union [J]. The Annals of Regional Science,2004,33(2):343-370.
[49]Liu Y, Shumway CR, Rosenman R and Ball VE. Productivity Growth and Convergence in US Agriculture:New Co-integration Panel Data Results [J]. Applied Economics,2011,43(1): 91-102.
[50]Mao, W., Koo, W. W. Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Efficiency Change in Chinese Agriculture after Rural Economic Reforms:A DEA approach [J]. China Economic Review,1997,8(8):157-174.
[51]McMillan J, Whalley J, Zhu L J. The Impact of China's Economic Reforms on Agricultural Productivity Growth [J]. The Journal of Political Economy,1989,97(4):781-807.
[52]Messner, S., Anselin, L. Spatial Analyses of Homicide with Areal Data, in:Godchild, M. and Janelle, D. (eds.):Spatially Integrated Social Science [M].Oxford University Press, New York, 2004.
[53]Morton D Winsberg. Concentration and Specialization in United States Agriculture:1939-1978 [J]. Economic Geography,1980,56(3):183-189.
[54]McCunn A, Huffman W. Convergence in US Productivity Growth for Agriculture:Implications of Interstate Research Spillovers for Funding Agricultural Research [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2000,82(2):370-388.
[55]Martin, W. and Mitra, D. Productivity Growth and Convergence in Agriculture and Manufacturing [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,2001,49(2):403-422.
[56]McErlean, S. and Wu, Z. Regional Agricultural Labor Productivity Convergence in China [J]. Food Policy,2003,28(6):237-252.
[57]Miller, S., M., Upadhyay. Total Factor Productivity and the Convergence Hypothesis [J]. Journal of Macroeconomics,2002,24(6):267-286.
[58]Mauro Costantini and Giuseppe Arbia. Testing the Stochastic Convergence of ItalianRegions Using Panel Data [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2006,13(10):775-783.
[59]Nunamaker, T.R. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure the Efficiency of Non-profit Organizations:a Critical Evaluation [J]. Managerial Decision Economics,1985,6(l):50-58.
[60]Novo, P., A. Garrido and C. Varela-Ortega. Are Virtual Water "Flows" in Spanish Grain Trade Consistent with Relative Water Scarcity? [J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68(5):145-164.
[61]Postel, S. and L. David. The Water:Food Security, Ecosystem Health and the New Politics of Scarcity [M]. World Watch Institute.1996.
[62]Piot-Lepetit, I., and M. Le Moing. Productivity and Environmental Regulation:the Effect of the Nitrates Directive in the French Pig Sector [J]. Environ Resource Econ,2007,38(4):433-446.
[63]Peneder. Structural Change and Aggregate Growth[R]. WIFO Working Paper, Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna,2002.
[64]Porter, M. E., America's Green Strategy [J].Scientific American,1991,264(4):1-5.
[65]Quah, D. Galton's Fallacy and Tests of the Convergence Hypothesis [J]. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1993,95(5):427-443.
[66]Quah, D. Twin Peaks. Growth and Convergence in Models of Distribution Dynamics [J]. Economic Journal,1996,106(7):1045-1055.
[67]Romer D. Advanced Macroeconomics [M].Second Edition, Shanghai University of Finance & Economics Press, The McGraw-Hill Companies,2001.
[68]Rozelle, S. Veeck, G. Huang, J. The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Grain Production in China:1975-1990[J].Economic Geography,1997,73(1):44-66.
[69]Rezitis, A. N. Agricultural Productivity Convergence across Europe and the United States of America [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2005,12(7):443-446.
[70]Rahman S. Regional Productivity Differences and Prospect for Convergence in Bangladesh Agriculture [J]. The Journal of Developing Areas,2008,41(3):221-236.
[71]Rezitis, A. N. Agricultural Productivity and Convergence:Europe and the United States [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2010,42(8):1029-1044.
[72]Roberto Cellini and Antonello E. Scorcu. Segmented Stochastic Convergence Across the G-7 Countries [J]. Empirical Economic,2000,25(3):463-474.
[73]Seiford L M, Zhu J. Modeling Undesirable Factors in Efficiency Evaluation [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(10):16-20.
[74]Stiglitz, J. E. Some Theoretical Aspects of Agricultural Policies [J]. World Bank Research Observer,1987,2(1):43-60.
[75]Shih-Hsun Hsu, Ming-Miin Yu and Ching-Cheng Chang. An Analysis of Total Factor Productivity Growth in China's Agricultural Sector[R]. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual meeting,2003.
[76]Stanley, T. D., Stephen B. Jarrell. Meta-regression Analysis:a Quantitative Method of Literature Surveys [J]. Journal of Economic Surveys,1989,3(2):161-170.
[77]Shultz, TW. The Value of Ability to Deal with Disequilibria [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1975,13(3):827-996.
[78]Tim J. Coelli and D.S. Prasada Rao. Total Factor Productivity Growth in Agriculture:A Malmquist Index Analysis of 93 Countries:1980-2000 [J].Working Paper Series,2003.
[79]Thirtle C., Irz X, Mckenzie Hill et al. Relationship between Changes in Agricultural Productivity and the Incidence of Poverty in Developing Countries [J]. London:Department for International Development,2001.
[80]Thirtle C, Piesse J, Lusigi A. Multi-factor Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency and Convergence in Botswana:1981-1996 [J]. Journal of Development Economics,2003,71(2):605-624.
[81]Thiam A, Bravo-Ureta BE, Rivas T. Technical Efficiency in Developing Country Agriculture:a Meta-analysis [J]. Agricultural Economics,2001,27(1):235-243.
[82]Torras, Boyce. Income Inequality and Pollution:a Reassessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve [J]. Ecological Economics,1998,25(2):147-160.
[83]Tobler W.R. A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region Economic Geography [J].1970,46(2):234-240.
[84]Tolentino A L. New Concepts of Productivity and Its Improvement[C],2004.
[85]Wen G J. Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming Sector:1952-1989 [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,1993,42(1):1-41.
[86]Wiens, T.B. Technological change, in "The Chinese Agricultural Economy", ed. R. Barker and R. Sinha (Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press; London:Croom Helm,1982.
[87]Wong, L F. Agricultural Productivity in the Socialist Countries [M]. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1986.
[88]Wu S, Walker D, Devadoss S. Productivity Growth and its Components in Chinese Agriculture after Reforms [J]. Review of Development Economics,2001,5(3):375-391.
[89]Wang, J, Cramer, GL, Wailes, EJ. A Shadow-Price Frontier Measurement of Profit Efficiency in Chinese Agriculture [J]. American Journal Agricultural Economics,1996,78(1):146-156.
[90]Xu Y F. Agricultural Productivity in China [J]. China Economic Review,1999,10(2):108-121.
[91]蔡昉,林毅夫.中国经济[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2003年.
[92]陈诗一.能源消耗、二氧化碳排放与中国工业的可持续发展[J].经济研究,2009(4)：41-55.
[93]陈诗一.中国的绿色工业革命：基于环境全要素生产率视角的解释[J].经济研究,2010(1 1)：21-34.
[94]陈卫平.中国农业生产率增长、技术进步与效率变化：1990～2003年[J].中国农村观察,2006(1)：18-23.
[95]陈宏伟,李桂芹,陈红.中国三次产业全要素生产率测算及比较分析[J].财经问题研,2010(2)：28-31.
[96]陈晓玲,李国平.地区经济收敛实证研究方法评述[J].数量技术经济研究,2007(8)：151-160.
[97]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁,赖斯芸.中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(6)：751-755.
[98]陈勇,冯永忠,杨改河.陕西省农业非点源污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线验证[J].农业技术经济.2010(7)：22-29.
[99]段文斌,尹向飞.中国全要素生产率研究评述[J].南开经济研究,2009(2)：130-140.
[100]杜江,王雅鹏,刘渝.农业贸易自由化对环境的影响：一个文献综述[J].世界经济文汇,2010(2)：81-100.
[101]杜江.刘渝.中国农业增长与化学品投入的库兹涅茨假说及验证[J].世界经济文汇,2009(3)：96-108.
[102]Daniel C.Monchuk中国农业生产非效率的影响因素分析[J].世界经济文汇,2009(2)：47-56.
[103]董运来,赵慧娥,王大超.基于全要素生产率的辽宁省农业经济发展方式转变分析[J].农业技术经济,2008(6)：11-15.
[104]董亚娟,孙敬水.区域经济收入分布的动态演进分析——以浙江省为例[J].当代财经,2009(3)：25-30.
[105]邓明,钱争鸣.我国省际知识存量、知识生产与知识的空间溢出[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(5)：42-53.
[106]冯海发.总要素生产率与农村发展[J].当代经济科学,1993(2)：56-64.
[107]范秀成,郑秋莹,姚唐,穆琳.顾客满意带来什么忠诚?[J].管理世界,2009(2)：83-91.
[108]樊胜根.中国农业生产与生产率的增长：新的测算方法及结论[J].农业技术经济,1998(4)：27-35.
[109]范子英,孟令杰.对阿马蒂亚·森的饥荒理论的理解及验证：来自中国的数据[J].经济研究,2006(8)：104-113.
[110]顾海,孟令杰.中国农业TFP的增长及其构成[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(10)：15-18.
[111]郭军华,李帮义.区域农业全要素生产率测算及其收敛分析[J].系统工程,2009(12)：31-37.
[112]顾和军,纪月清.农业税减免政策对农民要素投入行为的影响研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(3)：37-42.
[113]葛继红,周曙东.农业面源污染的经济影响因素分析——基于1978-2009年的江苏省数据[J]. 中国农村经济,2011(5)：72-80.
[114]郭庆旺,赵志耘,贾俊雪.中国省份经济的全要素生产率分析[J].世界经济,2005(5)：46-53.
[115]国务院发展研究中心国际技术经济研究所.我国农业污染的现状分析及应对建议[J].国家经技术经济研究,2006(10)：17-21.
[116]黄振华.技术进步、人力资本与中国农业发展——1985-2005年中国农业技术进步率的实证与比较[J].财经问题研究,2008(3)：124-129.
[117]韩晓燕,翟印礼.中国农业生产率的地区差异与收敛性研究[J].农业技术经济,2005(6)：52-57.
[118]何新安,熊启泉,刘莹丰.1993-2005年广东农业生产率的变动与分解——基于Malmquist生产率指数的实证分析[J].南方经济,2009(2)：69-80.
[119]何江,张馨之.中国区域经济增长及其收敛性：空间面板数据分析[J].南方经济,2006(5)：44-52.
[120]河南省农调队课题组.河南农业增长的结构贡献分析[J].中国农村经济,2000(7)：11-14.
[121]胡鞍钢,郑京海,高宇宁,张宁,许海萍.考虑环境因素的省级技术效率排名(1999-2005)[J].经济学季刊,2008(3)：933-960.
[122]胡永泰.中国全要素生产率：来自农业部门劳动力再配置的首要作用[J].经济研究,1998(3)：31-39.
[123]胡华江.我国农业综合生产率地区差异分析[J].农业技术经济,2002(3)：53-57.
[124]胡晓珍,杨龙.中国区域绿色全要素生产率增长差异及收敛分析[J].财经研究,2011(4)：123-134.
[125]韩洪云,赵连阁.中国灌溉农业发展：问题与挑战[J].水利经济,2004(1)：54-58.
[126]江激宇,李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的增长趋势：1978-2002[J].南京农业大学学报,2005(3)：113-118.
[127]科埃利等.效率与生产率分析引论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[128]刘洋,吴育华.中国农业全要素生产率变动：1995-2005[J].中国农机化,2008(6)：41-44.
[129]刘渝,杜江,张俊飚.中国农业用水与经济增长的Kuznets假说及验证[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4)：594-597.
[130]刘冬梅,王有强.土壤污染防治的立法探析[J].理论导刊,2008(5)：98-100.
[131]刘扬,陈劭锋,张云芳.中国农业EKC研究：以化肥为例[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16)：263-267.
[132]李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析：1978-2004年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(5)：11-19.
[133]李谷成.技术效率、技术进步与中国农业生产率增长[J].经济评论,2009(1)：60-68.
[134]李谷成.人力资本与中国区域农业全要素生产率增长——基于DEA视角的实证分析[J].财经研究,2009(8)：115-128.
[135]李谷成.转型期中国农业生产率增长的分解、变迁与分布[J].中国人口资源与环境,2009(2)：148-152.
[136]李谷成,冯中朝,占绍文.家庭禀赋对农户家庭经营技术效率的影响冲击——基于湖北省农户的随机前沿生产函数实证[J].统计研究,2008(1)：35-42.
[137]李谷成.中国农村经济制度变迁、农业生产绩效与动态演进——基于1978-2005年省际面板数据的DEA实证[J].制度经济学研究,2009(3)：20-54.
[138]李谷成,陈宁陆,闵锐.环境规制条件下中国农业全要素生产率增长与分解[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(11)：153-160.
[139]李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析：1978～2004年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(5)：11-19.
[140]李焕彰,钱忠好.财政支农政策与中国农业增长：因果与结构分析[J].中国农村经济,2004(8)：38-43.
[141]李海鹏,张俊飚.中国农业面源污染与经济发展关系的实证研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009(6)：585-590.
[142].梁流涛.农村生态环境时空特征及其演变规律研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2009年.
[143]赖斯芸,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.基于单元分析的非点源污染调查评估方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(9)：1184-1187.
[144]吕开宇.环境变化对农业产出的影响[J].中国农村经济,2008(4)：63-71.
[145]吕超,周应恒.我国农业产业集聚与农业经济增长的实证研究——基于蔬菜产业的检验和分析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,11(2)：72-78.
[146]郎一环,王礼茂.短缺资源类型与供需趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(4)：409-414.
[147]孟令杰,顾焕章.度量生产率变化的非参数方法[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(2)：48-51.
[148]马晓河,方松海.中国的水资源状况与农业生产[J].中国农村经济,2006(10)：4-11.
[149]农业部农村经济研究中心课题组.我国农业技术推广体系调查与改革思路[J].中国农村经济,2005(2)：46-54
[150]潘丹,应瑞瑶.收入分配视角下的环境库兹涅茨曲线研究——基于1986-2007年的时序数据分析[J].中国科技论坛,2010(6)：94-98.
[151]潘丹,应瑞瑶.中国水资源与农业经济增长关系研究：基于面板VAR模型[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012(2)：156-161.
[152]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析[J].经济研究,2005(9)：19-29.
[153]蒲英霞,马荣华,罗浩,黄杏元.基于马尔可夫链的江苏省“俱乐部趋同”演变特征[J].南京社会科学,2006(7)：110-116.
[154]全炯振.中国农业全要素生产率增长的实证分析：1978-2007年——基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法[J].中国农村经济,2009(9)：36-47.
[155]乔榛,焦方义,李楠.中国农村经济制度变迁与农业增长[J].经济研究,2006(7)：73-82.
[156]齐绍洲,云波,李锴.中国经济增长与能源消费强度差异的收敛性及机理分析[J].经济研究,2009(4)：56-64.
[157]钱秀红.杭嘉湖平原农业非点源污染的调查评价及控制对策研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001年.
[158]石慧,孟令杰,王怀明.中国农业生产率的地区差距及波动性研究——基于随机前沿生产函数的分析[J].经济科学,2008(3)：20-33.
[159]石慧,吴方卫.中国农业生产率地区差异的影响因素研究——基于空间计量的分析[J].世界经济文汇,2011(3)：59-73.
[160]石慧,王怀明,孟令杰.我国地区农业TFP差距趋势研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(3)：25-31.
[161]石慧.中国省区间农业生产率的空间依赖性及分布动态[J].资源科学,2010,32(7)：1323-1332.
[162]石风光,何雄浪.全要素生产率、要素投入与中国地区经济差距的动态分布分析[J].南京社会科学,2010(2)：24-30.
[163]世界银行编.贫困与对策[M].北京：经济管理出版社,1996年.
[164]邵军.中国地区增长是否存在收敛?——随机框架下的再讨论[J].南方经济,2008(5)：23-30.
[165]史丹.中国能源效率的地区差异与节能潜力分析[J].中国工业经济,2006(10)：49-58.
[166]涂正革.环境、资源与工业增长的协调性[J].经济研究,2008(2)：93-104.
[167]吴方卫,孟令杰,熊诗平.中国农业的增长与效率[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2000年.
[168]吴方卫,应瑞瑶.产业结构变化对农村经济增长影响的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2000(4)：17-20.
[169]吴玉鸣,贾琳.我国区域能源利用效率的随机性趋同研究[J].经济科学,2009(6)：41-49.
[170]吴玉鸣,李建霞.基于地理加权回归模型的省域工业全要素生产率分析[J].经济地理,2006,26(5)：748-752.
[171]吴玉呜.中国区域农业生产要素的投入产出弹性测算——基于空间计量经济模型的实证[J].中国农村经济,2010(6)：25-37.
[172]王珏,宋文飞,韩先锋.中国地区农业全要素生产率及其影响因素的空间计量分析——基于1992-2007年省域空间面板数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(8)：24-35.
[173]王提银,葛志军.利用非参数方法度量中国农业TFP水平及变动趋势[J].农业科学研究.2007(4)：71-75.
[174]王万珺.外商直接投资对中国的溢出效应：基于Meta回归分析方法的再分析[J].经济评论,2010(1)：133-139.
[175]汪小平.中国农业劳动生产率增长的特点与路径分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(4)：14-25.
[176]王学渊,韩洪云.水资源对中国农业的“增长阻力”分析[J].水利经济,2008(5)：1-5.
[177]王学渊.基于前沿面理论的农业水资源生产配置效率研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2008年.
[178]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010(5)：95-108.
[179]王珏,宋文飞,韩先锋.中国地区农业全要素生产率及其影响因素的空间计量分析——基于1992-2007年省域空间面板数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(8)：24-35.
[180]王少平,欧阳志刚.我国城乡收入差距的度量及其对经济增长的效应[J].经济研究,2007(10)：44-55.
[181]王亮.经济增长收敛假说的存在性检验与形成机制研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2010年.
[182]武鹏,金相郁,马丽.数值分布、空间分布视角下的中国区域经济发展差距(1952-2008)[J].经济科学,2010(5)：46-58.
[183]魏楚,黄文若,沈满洪.环境敏感性生产率研究综述[J].世界经济,2011(5)：136-150.
[184]辛翔飞,刘晓昀.要素享赋及农业劳动生产率的地区差异[J].世界经济文汇,2007(5)：1-18.
[185]谢书玲,王铮,薛俊波.中国经济发展中水土资源的“增长尾效”分析[J].管理世界,2005(7)：22-25.
[186]谢正勤.农业市场化与农业增长中的结构效应研究[D].南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[187]谢双红,王济民.关于加快畜牧业全面协调可持续发展的研究[J].农业经济问题,2005(7)：65-68.
[188]席利卿,彭可茂.中国农村经济制度变迁与农业周期性增长分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(4)：123-129.
[189]许广月.碳排放收敛性：理论假说和中国的经验研究[J].数量技术经济研究,2010(9)：31-42.
[190]徐现祥,舒元.中国省区经济增长分布的演进(1978-1998)[J].经济学(季刊),2004(4)：619-638.
[191]徐现祥,舒元.协调发展：一个新的分析框架[J].管理世界,,2005(2)：27-34.
[192]杨俊,邵汉华.环境约束下的中国工业增长状况研究——基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(9)：65-76.
[193]杨俊,陈怡.基于环境因素的中国农业生产率增长研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(6)：153-157.
[194]杨春,陆文聪.基于空间计量经济模型的县域粮食生产区域格局研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(5)：24-29.
[195]杨文举.基于DEA的绿色经济增长核算：以中国地区工业为例[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011(1)：19-34.
[196]姚万军.中国农业全要素生产率的收敛性分析与农业技术传播的检定[R].2005年第五届经济学年会论文.
[197]周端明.技术进步、技术效率与中国农业生产率增长——基于DEA的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(12)：70-82.
[198]周力.产业集聚、环境规制与畜禽养殖半点源污染[J].中国农村经济,2011(2)：60-72.
[199]赵芝俊,袁开智.中国农业技术进步贡献率测算及分解：1985-2008[J].农业经济问题,2009(3)：28-36.
[200]赵洪斌.改革开放以来中国农业技术进步率演进的研究[J].财经研究,2004(12)：91-110.
[201]赵芝俊,张社梅.近20年中国农业技术进步贡献率的变动趋势[J].中国农村经济,2006(3)：4-12.
[202]郑云.中国农业全要素生产率变动、区域差异及其影响因素分析[J].经济经纬,2011(2)：55-59.
[203]郑循刚.西部农业生产全要素生产率增长分解——基于2000～2007的面板数据[J].软科学,2010(8)：79-81.
[204]赵蕾,北怀明.中国农业生产率的增长及收敛性分析[J].农业技术及经济,2007(2)：93-98.
[205]赵蕾,杨向阳,王怀明.改革以来中国省际农业生产率的收敛性分析[J].南开经济研究,2007(1)：107-116.
[206]曾先峰.改革开放以来中国各地区农业生产率及其变化分析[J].开发研究,2008(3)：1-4.
[207]曾先峰,李国平.我国各地区的农业生产率与收敛：1980～2005[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(5)：81-92.
[208]曾先峰,黄利,曹跃群.中国农业全要素生产率：动态演变、地区差距及收敛性[J].云南财经大学学报,2011(5)：31-38.
[209]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告[M].北京：科学出版社,2008年.
[210]张军,施少华,陈诗一.中国的工业改革与效率变化——方法、数据、文献和现有的结果[J].经济学(季刊),2003(10)：1-38.
[211]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,Kolbe H中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I—-21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004(7)：1008-1017.
[212]张锋,胡浩,张晖.江苏省农业面源污染与经济增长关系的实证[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(8)：80-85.
[213]张晓旭,冯宗宪.中国人均GDP的空间相关与地区收敛：1978-2003[J].经济学(季刊),2008,7(2)：399-414.
[214]张茹.中国经济增长地区差异的动态演进：1978-2005[J].世界经济文汇,2008(2)：69-83.
[215]张鸿武.我国地区经济增长的随机性趋同——基于综列数据单位根检验[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(8)：31-38.
[216]朱晶.农业公共投资、竞争力与粮食安全[J].经济研究,2003(1)：13-20.
[217]朱希刚.我国“九五”时期农业科技进步贡献率的测算[J].农业经济问题,2002(5)：12-13.
[218]钟甫宁,朱晶.结构调整在我国农业增长中的作用[J].中国农村经济,2000(7)：4-7.
[219]邹薇,周浩.经济趋同的计量分析与收入分布动态学研究[J].世界经济,2007(6)：81-96.
[2]Abler, D. G. and D. Pick. NAFTA, Agriculture and the Environment in Mexico [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1993,75(3):794-798.
[3]Appleton, S and A Balihuta. Education and Agricultural Productivity:Evidence from Uganda [J]. Journal of International Development,1996,8(5):415-444.
[4]Anderson, J.R. Policy Issues for the International Community Agricultural Technology [J].CAB International,1994.
[5]A. M. Tang. An Analytical and Empirical Investigation of Agriculture in Mainland China: 1952-80 [J]. Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taipei, Taiwan,1982.
[6]Anderson, E., B. Weitz. Determinants of Continuity in Conventional Industrial Channel Dyads [J]. Marketing Sci,1989,8(4):310-323.
[7]Anselin, L. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988.
[8]Anselin, L.:GeoDaTM 0.9 User's Guide, http://geodacenter.org,2003.
[9]Anselin, L., R. Florax and S. Rey (edsd.). Advanced in Spatial Econometrics:Methodology, Tools and Applications [M]. Berlin, Springer Verlag,2004.
[10]Alexiadis S. Convergence in Agriculture:Evidence from the European Regions [J]. Agricultural Economics Review,2010,23(11):84-96.
[11]Ball, E.R. Fare, S. Grosskopf, and R. Nehring. Productivity of the U. S. Agricultural Sector:The Case of Undesirable Outputs [J]. In C. R. Hulten, E. R. Dean and M. J. Harper (eds.), New Developments in Productivity Analysis. University of Chicago Press,2001,541-586.
[12]Bandara, J. S. and I. Coxhead. Can Trade Liberalization Have Environmental Benefits in Developing Country Agriculture:a Sri Lankan Case Study [J]. Journal of Policy Modeling,1999, 21(3):349-374.
[13]Bonnieux, F. and P. Rainell, i. Agricultural Policy and Environment in Developed Countries [J]. European Review of Agricultural Economics,1988,15(2):263-281.
[14]Beghin, J., S. Dessus, D. Roland-Holst and D. van der Mensbrugghe. The Trade and Environment Nexus in Mexican Agriculture:a General Equilibrium Analysis [J]. Agricultural Economics,1997, 17(1):315-131.
[15]Bernard, A. and Jones, C. I. Comparing Apples to Oranges:Productivity Convergence and Measurement across Industries and Counties [J]. American Economic Review,1996, 86(5):1216-1238.
[16]Barro,R J and Sala-I-Martin. Convergence across States and Regions [J]. Brookings Papers on Economic activity,1991 (1):107-182.
[17]Bernard A.B. and Durlauf S.N.Convergence in International Output [J]. Journal of Applied Econometrics,1995,10(2):97-108.
[18]Barro R J and Sala-I-Martin X. Economic Growth [M]. New York, McGraw,1995.
[19]Chung, Y., Fare, R., Grosskopf, S. Productivity and Undesirable Outputs:A Directional Distance Function Approach [J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[20]Chen P C, Yu M M, Chang C C et al. Total Factor Productivity Growth in China's Agricultural Sector [J]. China Economic Review,2008,19(4):580-593.
[21]Chiang, M. H. and Kao, C. On Stationary Panel Time Series Using NPT 1.3[M]. A User Guide, Center of Policy Research, Syracuse University, New York.2002.
[22]Carlino Gerald A. and Leonard Mills. Are U.S. Regional Incomes Converging? A Time Series Analysis [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1993,32(12):335-346.
[23]David K. Lambert and Elliott Parker. Productivity in Chinese Provincial Agriculture [J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1998,49(3):378-392.
[24]DeBrauw, Alan, Huang J K et al. The Evolution of Chinas Rural Labor Markets during the Reforms [J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2002,30(2):329-353.
[25]Espey, M., J.A. Espey, W. Shaw Price Elasticity of Residential Demand for Water:A Meta-analysis [J]. Water Resource,1997,33(6):1369-1374.
[26]Elhorst, J. P. Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models [J].International Regional Science Review,2003,26(3):244-268.
[27]Elhorst J P. Spatial Panel Data Models[C]. In Fischer M, Getis A eds. Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis [M]. Berlin:Springer,2010.
[28]Fan S G. Effects of Technological Change and Institutional Reform on Production Growth in Chinese Agriculture [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,73(2):266-275.
[29]Fan S G. Production and Productivity Growth in Chinese Agriculture:New Measurement and Evidence [J]. Food Policy,1997,22(3):213-228.
[30]Fan S G, Zhang X B. Production and Productivity Growth in Chinese Agriculture:New National and Regional Measures [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,2002,50(4):819-838.
[31]Fan S G. Research Investment and the Economic Returns to Chinese Agricultural Research [J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2000,14(92):63-80.
[32]Fan S G. Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty, Lessons from Developing Countries [M]. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.2007.
[33]Gene V. Glass, Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research [J]. Educational Research, 1976,5(10):3-8.
[34]Hailu Atakelty, Terrence S Veeman. Non-Parametric Productivity Analysis with Undesirable Outputs:An Application to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(3):805-816.
[35]Hayami, Y., Inagi, K. International Comparisons of Agricultural Productivity [J]. Farm Econ. 1969(11):407-419.
[36]Hayami, Y., Ruttan V. W. Agricultural Development:An International Perspective [M]. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,1985.
[37]Hall and Jones. Why Do Some Countries Produce Much More Output per Worker than Others [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[38]Haizhi Tong, L.E. Fulginiti and J. P. Sesmero. Chinese Regional Agricultural Productivity: 1994-2005 [R]. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference Paper,2009.
[39]Hunter, J.E., Schmidt, F.L. Methods of Meta-Analysis:Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings [M]. Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications,2004.
[40]Hu JinLi, HerJiun Sheu and ShihFang Lo. Under the Shadow of Asian Brown Clouds: Unbalanced Regional Productivities in China and Environmental Concerns [J]. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2005,12(4):429-442.
[41]Johnson D.G. Agriculture and the Wealth of Nations [J].American Economic Review,1997, 87(2):1-12.
[42]Jon P. Nelson, Peter E. Kennedy. The Use of Meta-analysis in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics:an Assessment [J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,2009, 42(3):345-377.
[43]Jin S Q, Huang J K, Hu R F and Scott Rozelle. The Creation and Spread of Technology and Total Factor Productivity in China's Agriculture [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2002, 84(4):916-930.
[44]Khan, M. S. A Macroeconomic Adjustment in Developing Countries:A Policy Perspective [J]. World Bank Research Observer,1987,2(1):23-42.
[45]Lin J Y. Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China [J]. The American Economic Review, 1992,82(1):34-51.
[46]Lewandrowsk, i J., J.Tobey and Z. Cook. The Interface between Agricultural Assistance and the Environment:Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Area Expansion [J]. Land Economics,1997, 73(3):404-427.
[47]Lopez R. The Environment as Factor of Production:The Effects of Economic Growth and Trade Liberalization [J]. Journal of Environment Economics and Management.1994,27(9):163-184.
[48]L6pez-Bazo E, Vaya E, Mora AJ and Surinach J. Regional Economic Dynamics and Convergence in the European Union [J]. The Annals of Regional Science,2004,33(2):343-370.
[49]Liu Y, Shumway CR, Rosenman R and Ball VE. Productivity Growth and Convergence in US Agriculture:New Co-integration Panel Data Results [J]. Applied Economics,2011,43(1): 91-102.
[50]Mao, W., Koo, W. W. Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Efficiency Change in Chinese Agriculture after Rural Economic Reforms:A DEA approach [J]. China Economic Review,1997,8(8):157-174.
[51]McMillan J, Whalley J, Zhu L J. The Impact of China's Economic Reforms on Agricultural Productivity Growth [J]. The Journal of Political Economy,1989,97(4):781-807.
[52]Messner, S., Anselin, L. Spatial Analyses of Homicide with Areal Data, in:Godchild, M. and Janelle, D. (eds.):Spatially Integrated Social Science [M].Oxford University Press, New York, 2004.
[53]Morton D Winsberg. Concentration and Specialization in United States Agriculture:1939-1978 [J]. Economic Geography,1980,56(3):183-189.
[54]McCunn A, Huffman W. Convergence in US Productivity Growth for Agriculture:Implications of Interstate Research Spillovers for Funding Agricultural Research [J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2000,82(2):370-388.
[55]Martin, W. and Mitra, D. Productivity Growth and Convergence in Agriculture and Manufacturing [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,2001,49(2):403-422.
[56]McErlean, S. and Wu, Z. Regional Agricultural Labor Productivity Convergence in China [J]. Food Policy,2003,28(6):237-252.
[57]Miller, S., M., Upadhyay. Total Factor Productivity and the Convergence Hypothesis [J]. Journal of Macroeconomics,2002,24(6):267-286.
[58]Mauro Costantini and Giuseppe Arbia. Testing the Stochastic Convergence of ItalianRegions Using Panel Data [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2006,13(10):775-783.
[59]Nunamaker, T.R. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure the Efficiency of Non-profit Organizations:a Critical Evaluation [J]. Managerial Decision Economics,1985,6(l):50-58.
[60]Novo, P., A. Garrido and C. Varela-Ortega. Are Virtual Water "Flows" in Spanish Grain Trade Consistent with Relative Water Scarcity? [J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68(5):145-164.
[61]Postel, S. and L. David. The Water:Food Security, Ecosystem Health and the New Politics of Scarcity [M]. World Watch Institute.1996.
[62]Piot-Lepetit, I., and M. Le Moing. Productivity and Environmental Regulation:the Effect of the Nitrates Directive in the French Pig Sector [J]. Environ Resource Econ,2007,38(4):433-446.
[63]Peneder. Structural Change and Aggregate Growth[R]. WIFO Working Paper, Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna,2002.
[64]Porter, M. E., America's Green Strategy [J].Scientific American,1991,264(4):1-5.
[65]Quah, D. Galton's Fallacy and Tests of the Convergence Hypothesis [J]. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1993,95(5):427-443.
[66]Quah, D. Twin Peaks. Growth and Convergence in Models of Distribution Dynamics [J]. Economic Journal,1996,106(7):1045-1055.
[67]Romer D. Advanced Macroeconomics [M].Second Edition, Shanghai University of Finance & Economics Press, The McGraw-Hill Companies,2001.
[68]Rozelle, S. Veeck, G. Huang, J. The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Grain Production in China:1975-1990[J].Economic Geography,1997,73(1):44-66.
[69]Rezitis, A. N. Agricultural Productivity Convergence across Europe and the United States of America [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2005,12(7):443-446.
[70]Rahman S. Regional Productivity Differences and Prospect for Convergence in Bangladesh Agriculture [J]. The Journal of Developing Areas,2008,41(3):221-236.
[71]Rezitis, A. N. Agricultural Productivity and Convergence:Europe and the United States [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2010,42(8):1029-1044.
[72]Roberto Cellini and Antonello E. Scorcu. Segmented Stochastic Convergence Across the G-7 Countries [J]. Empirical Economic,2000,25(3):463-474.
[73]Seiford L M, Zhu J. Modeling Undesirable Factors in Efficiency Evaluation [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(10):16-20.
[74]Stiglitz, J. E. Some Theoretical Aspects of Agricultural Policies [J]. World Bank Research Observer,1987,2(1):43-60.
[75]Shih-Hsun Hsu, Ming-Miin Yu and Ching-Cheng Chang. An Analysis of Total Factor Productivity Growth in China's Agricultural Sector[R]. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual meeting,2003.
[76]Stanley, T. D., Stephen B. Jarrell. Meta-regression Analysis:a Quantitative Method of Literature Surveys [J]. Journal of Economic Surveys,1989,3(2):161-170.
[77]Shultz, TW. The Value of Ability to Deal with Disequilibria [J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1975,13(3):827-996.
[78]Tim J. Coelli and D.S. Prasada Rao. Total Factor Productivity Growth in Agriculture:A Malmquist Index Analysis of 93 Countries:1980-2000 [J].Working Paper Series,2003.
[79]Thirtle C., Irz X, Mckenzie Hill et al. Relationship between Changes in Agricultural Productivity and the Incidence of Poverty in Developing Countries [J]. London:Department for International Development,2001.
[80]Thirtle C, Piesse J, Lusigi A. Multi-factor Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency and Convergence in Botswana:1981-1996 [J]. Journal of Development Economics,2003,71(2):605-624.
[81]Thiam A, Bravo-Ureta BE, Rivas T. Technical Efficiency in Developing Country Agriculture:a Meta-analysis [J]. Agricultural Economics,2001,27(1):235-243.
[82]Torras, Boyce. Income Inequality and Pollution:a Reassessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve [J]. Ecological Economics,1998,25(2):147-160.
[83]Tobler W.R. A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region Economic Geography [J].1970,46(2):234-240.
[84]Tolentino A L. New Concepts of Productivity and Its Improvement[C],2004.
[85]Wen G J. Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming Sector:1952-1989 [J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,1993,42(1):1-41.
[86]Wiens, T.B. Technological change, in "The Chinese Agricultural Economy", ed. R. Barker and R. Sinha (Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press; London:Croom Helm,1982.
[87]Wong, L F. Agricultural Productivity in the Socialist Countries [M]. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1986.
[88]Wu S, Walker D, Devadoss S. Productivity Growth and its Components in Chinese Agriculture after Reforms [J]. Review of Development Economics,2001,5(3):375-391.
[89]Wang, J, Cramer, GL, Wailes, EJ. A Shadow-Price Frontier Measurement of Profit Efficiency in Chinese Agriculture [J]. American Journal Agricultural Economics,1996,78(1):146-156.
[90]Xu Y F. Agricultural Productivity in China [J]. China Economic Review,1999,10(2):108-121.
[91]蔡昉,林毅夫.中国经济[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2003年.
[92]陈诗一.能源消耗、二氧化碳排放与中国工业的可持续发展[J].经济研究,2009(4)：41-55.
[93]陈诗一.中国的绿色工业革命：基于环境全要素生产率视角的解释[J].经济研究,2010(1 1)：21-34.
[94]陈卫平.中国农业生产率增长、技术进步与效率变化：1990～2003年[J].中国农村观察,2006(1)：18-23.
[95]陈宏伟,李桂芹,陈红.中国三次产业全要素生产率测算及比较分析[J].财经问题研,2010(2)：28-31.
[96]陈晓玲,李国平.地区经济收敛实证研究方法评述[J].数量技术经济研究,2007(8)：151-160.
[97]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁,赖斯芸.中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(6)：751-755.
[98]陈勇,冯永忠,杨改河.陕西省农业非点源污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线验证[J].农业技术经济.2010(7)：22-29.
[99]段文斌,尹向飞.中国全要素生产率研究评述[J].南开经济研究,2009(2)：130-140.
[100]杜江,王雅鹏,刘渝.农业贸易自由化对环境的影响：一个文献综述[J].世界经济文汇,2010(2)：81-100.
[101]杜江.刘渝.中国农业增长与化学品投入的库兹涅茨假说及验证[J].世界经济文汇,2009(3)：96-108.
[102]Daniel C.Monchuk中国农业生产非效率的影响因素分析[J].世界经济文汇,2009(2)：47-56.
[103]董运来,赵慧娥,王大超.基于全要素生产率的辽宁省农业经济发展方式转变分析[J].农业技术经济,2008(6)：11-15.
[104]董亚娟,孙敬水.区域经济收入分布的动态演进分析——以浙江省为例[J].当代财经,2009(3)：25-30.
[105]邓明,钱争鸣.我国省际知识存量、知识生产与知识的空间溢出[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(5)：42-53.
[106]冯海发.总要素生产率与农村发展[J].当代经济科学,1993(2)：56-64.
[107]范秀成,郑秋莹,姚唐,穆琳.顾客满意带来什么忠诚?[J].管理世界,2009(2)：83-91.
[108]樊胜根.中国农业生产与生产率的增长：新的测算方法及结论[J].农业技术经济,1998(4)：27-35.
[109]范子英,孟令杰.对阿马蒂亚·森的饥荒理论的理解及验证：来自中国的数据[J].经济研究,2006(8)：104-113.
[110]顾海,孟令杰.中国农业TFP的增长及其构成[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(10)：15-18.
[111]郭军华,李帮义.区域农业全要素生产率测算及其收敛分析[J].系统工程,2009(12)：31-37.
[112]顾和军,纪月清.农业税减免政策对农民要素投入行为的影响研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(3)：37-42.
[113]葛继红,周曙东.农业面源污染的经济影响因素分析——基于1978-2009年的江苏省数据[J]. 中国农村经济,2011(5)：72-80.
[114]郭庆旺,赵志耘,贾俊雪.中国省份经济的全要素生产率分析[J].世界经济,2005(5)：46-53.
[115]国务院发展研究中心国际技术经济研究所.我国农业污染的现状分析及应对建议[J].国家经技术经济研究,2006(10)：17-21.
[116]黄振华.技术进步、人力资本与中国农业发展——1985-2005年中国农业技术进步率的实证与比较[J].财经问题研究,2008(3)：124-129.
[117]韩晓燕,翟印礼.中国农业生产率的地区差异与收敛性研究[J].农业技术经济,2005(6)：52-57.
[118]何新安,熊启泉,刘莹丰.1993-2005年广东农业生产率的变动与分解——基于Malmquist生产率指数的实证分析[J].南方经济,2009(2)：69-80.
[119]何江,张馨之.中国区域经济增长及其收敛性：空间面板数据分析[J].南方经济,2006(5)：44-52.
[120]河南省农调队课题组.河南农业增长的结构贡献分析[J].中国农村经济,2000(7)：11-14.
[121]胡鞍钢,郑京海,高宇宁,张宁,许海萍.考虑环境因素的省级技术效率排名(1999-2005)[J].经济学季刊,2008(3)：933-960.
[122]胡永泰.中国全要素生产率：来自农业部门劳动力再配置的首要作用[J].经济研究,1998(3)：31-39.
[123]胡华江.我国农业综合生产率地区差异分析[J].农业技术经济,2002(3)：53-57.
[124]胡晓珍,杨龙.中国区域绿色全要素生产率增长差异及收敛分析[J].财经研究,2011(4)：123-134.
[125]韩洪云,赵连阁.中国灌溉农业发展：问题与挑战[J].水利经济,2004(1)：54-58.
[126]江激宇,李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的增长趋势：1978-2002[J].南京农业大学学报,2005(3)：113-118.
[127]科埃利等.效率与生产率分析引论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[128]刘洋,吴育华.中国农业全要素生产率变动：1995-2005[J].中国农机化,2008(6)：41-44.
[129]刘渝,杜江,张俊飚.中国农业用水与经济增长的Kuznets假说及验证[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4)：594-597.
[130]刘冬梅,王有强.土壤污染防治的立法探析[J].理论导刊,2008(5)：98-100.
[131]刘扬,陈劭锋,张云芳.中国农业EKC研究：以化肥为例[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16)：263-267.
[132]李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析：1978-2004年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(5)：11-19.
[133]李谷成.技术效率、技术进步与中国农业生产率增长[J].经济评论,2009(1)：60-68.
[134]李谷成.人力资本与中国区域农业全要素生产率增长——基于DEA视角的实证分析[J].财经研究,2009(8)：115-128.
[135]李谷成.转型期中国农业生产率增长的分解、变迁与分布[J].中国人口资源与环境,2009(2)：148-152.
[136]李谷成,冯中朝,占绍文.家庭禀赋对农户家庭经营技术效率的影响冲击——基于湖北省农户的随机前沿生产函数实证[J].统计研究,2008(1)：35-42.
[137]李谷成.中国农村经济制度变迁、农业生产绩效与动态演进——基于1978-2005年省际面板数据的DEA实证[J].制度经济学研究,2009(3)：20-54.
[138]李谷成,陈宁陆,闵锐.环境规制条件下中国农业全要素生产率增长与分解[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(11)：153-160.
[139]李静,孟令杰.中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析：1978～2004年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(5)：11-19.
[140]李焕彰,钱忠好.财政支农政策与中国农业增长：因果与结构分析[J].中国农村经济,2004(8)：38-43.
[141]李海鹏,张俊飚.中国农业面源污染与经济发展关系的实证研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009(6)：585-590.
[142].梁流涛.农村生态环境时空特征及其演变规律研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2009年.
[143]赖斯芸,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.基于单元分析的非点源污染调查评估方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(9)：1184-1187.
[144]吕开宇.环境变化对农业产出的影响[J].中国农村经济,2008(4)：63-71.
[145]吕超,周应恒.我国农业产业集聚与农业经济增长的实证研究——基于蔬菜产业的检验和分析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,11(2)：72-78.
[146]郎一环,王礼茂.短缺资源类型与供需趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(4)：409-414.
[147]孟令杰,顾焕章.度量生产率变化的非参数方法[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2001(2)：48-51.
[148]马晓河,方松海.中国的水资源状况与农业生产[J].中国农村经济,2006(10)：4-11.
[149]农业部农村经济研究中心课题组.我国农业技术推广体系调查与改革思路[J].中国农村经济,2005(2)：46-54
[150]潘丹,应瑞瑶.收入分配视角下的环境库兹涅茨曲线研究——基于1986-2007年的时序数据分析[J].中国科技论坛,2010(6)：94-98.
[151]潘丹,应瑞瑶.中国水资源与农业经济增长关系研究：基于面板VAR模型[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012(2)：156-161.
[152]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析[J].经济研究,2005(9)：19-29.
[153]蒲英霞,马荣华,罗浩,黄杏元.基于马尔可夫链的江苏省“俱乐部趋同”演变特征[J].南京社会科学,2006(7)：110-116.
[154]全炯振.中国农业全要素生产率增长的实证分析：1978-2007年——基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法[J].中国农村经济,2009(9)：36-47.
[155]乔榛,焦方义,李楠.中国农村经济制度变迁与农业增长[J].经济研究,2006(7)：73-82.
[156]齐绍洲,云波,李锴.中国经济增长与能源消费强度差异的收敛性及机理分析[J].经济研究,2009(4)：56-64.
[157]钱秀红.杭嘉湖平原农业非点源污染的调查评价及控制对策研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001年.
[158]石慧,孟令杰,王怀明.中国农业生产率的地区差距及波动性研究——基于随机前沿生产函数的分析[J].经济科学,2008(3)：20-33.
[159]石慧,吴方卫.中国农业生产率地区差异的影响因素研究——基于空间计量的分析[J].世界经济文汇,2011(3)：59-73.
[160]石慧,王怀明,孟令杰.我国地区农业TFP差距趋势研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(3)：25-31.
[161]石慧.中国省区间农业生产率的空间依赖性及分布动态[J].资源科学,2010,32(7)：1323-1332.
[162]石风光,何雄浪.全要素生产率、要素投入与中国地区经济差距的动态分布分析[J].南京社会科学,2010(2)：24-30.
[163]世界银行编.贫困与对策[M].北京：经济管理出版社,1996年.
[164]邵军.中国地区增长是否存在收敛?——随机框架下的再讨论[J].南方经济,2008(5)：23-30.
[165]史丹.中国能源效率的地区差异与节能潜力分析[J].中国工业经济,2006(10)：49-58.
[166]涂正革.环境、资源与工业增长的协调性[J].经济研究,2008(2)：93-104.
[167]吴方卫,孟令杰,熊诗平.中国农业的增长与效率[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2000年.
[168]吴方卫,应瑞瑶.产业结构变化对农村经济增长影响的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2000(4)：17-20.
[169]吴玉鸣,贾琳.我国区域能源利用效率的随机性趋同研究[J].经济科学,2009(6)：41-49.
[170]吴玉鸣,李建霞.基于地理加权回归模型的省域工业全要素生产率分析[J].经济地理,2006,26(5)：748-752.
[171]吴玉呜.中国区域农业生产要素的投入产出弹性测算——基于空间计量经济模型的实证[J].中国农村经济,2010(6)：25-37.
[172]王珏,宋文飞,韩先锋.中国地区农业全要素生产率及其影响因素的空间计量分析——基于1992-2007年省域空间面板数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(8)：24-35.
[173]王提银,葛志军.利用非参数方法度量中国农业TFP水平及变动趋势[J].农业科学研究.2007(4)：71-75.
[174]王万珺.外商直接投资对中国的溢出效应：基于Meta回归分析方法的再分析[J].经济评论,2010(1)：133-139.
[175]汪小平.中国农业劳动生产率增长的特点与路径分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(4)：14-25.
[176]王学渊,韩洪云.水资源对中国农业的“增长阻力”分析[J].水利经济,2008(5)：1-5.
[177]王学渊.基于前沿面理论的农业水资源生产配置效率研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2008年.
[178]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010(5)：95-108.
[179]王珏,宋文飞,韩先锋.中国地区农业全要素生产率及其影响因素的空间计量分析——基于1992-2007年省域空间面板数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(8)：24-35.
[180]王少平,欧阳志刚.我国城乡收入差距的度量及其对经济增长的效应[J].经济研究,2007(10)：44-55.
[181]王亮.经济增长收敛假说的存在性检验与形成机制研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2010年.
[182]武鹏,金相郁,马丽.数值分布、空间分布视角下的中国区域经济发展差距(1952-2008)[J].经济科学,2010(5)：46-58.
[183]魏楚,黄文若,沈满洪.环境敏感性生产率研究综述[J].世界经济,2011(5)：136-150.
[184]辛翔飞,刘晓昀.要素享赋及农业劳动生产率的地区差异[J].世界经济文汇,2007(5)：1-18.
[185]谢书玲,王铮,薛俊波.中国经济发展中水土资源的“增长尾效”分析[J].管理世界,2005(7)：22-25.
[186]谢正勤.农业市场化与农业增长中的结构效应研究[D].南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[187]谢双红,王济民.关于加快畜牧业全面协调可持续发展的研究[J].农业经济问题,2005(7)：65-68.
[188]席利卿,彭可茂.中国农村经济制度变迁与农业周期性增长分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(4)：123-129.
[189]许广月.碳排放收敛性：理论假说和中国的经验研究[J].数量技术经济研究,2010(9)：31-42.
[190]徐现祥,舒元.中国省区经济增长分布的演进(1978-1998)[J].经济学(季刊),2004(4)：619-638.
[191]徐现祥,舒元.协调发展：一个新的分析框架[J].管理世界,,2005(2)：27-34.
[192]杨俊,邵汉华.环境约束下的中国工业增长状况研究——基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(9)：65-76.
[193]杨俊,陈怡.基于环境因素的中国农业生产率增长研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(6)：153-157.
[194]杨春,陆文聪.基于空间计量经济模型的县域粮食生产区域格局研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(5)：24-29.
[195]杨文举.基于DEA的绿色经济增长核算：以中国地区工业为例[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011(1)：19-34.
[196]姚万军.中国农业全要素生产率的收敛性分析与农业技术传播的检定[R].2005年第五届经济学年会论文.
[197]周端明.技术进步、技术效率与中国农业生产率增长——基于DEA的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(12)：70-82.
[198]周力.产业集聚、环境规制与畜禽养殖半点源污染[J].中国农村经济,2011(2)：60-72.
[199]赵芝俊,袁开智.中国农业技术进步贡献率测算及分解：1985-2008[J].农业经济问题,2009(3)：28-36.
[200]赵洪斌.改革开放以来中国农业技术进步率演进的研究[J].财经研究,2004(12)：91-110.
[201]赵芝俊,张社梅.近20年中国农业技术进步贡献率的变动趋势[J].中国农村经济,2006(3)：4-12.
[202]郑云.中国农业全要素生产率变动、区域差异及其影响因素分析[J].经济经纬,2011(2)：55-59.
[203]郑循刚.西部农业生产全要素生产率增长分解——基于2000～2007的面板数据[J].软科学,2010(8)：79-81.
[204]赵蕾,北怀明.中国农业生产率的增长及收敛性分析[J].农业技术及经济,2007(2)：93-98.
[205]赵蕾,杨向阳,王怀明.改革以来中国省际农业生产率的收敛性分析[J].南开经济研究,2007(1)：107-116.
[206]曾先峰.改革开放以来中国各地区农业生产率及其变化分析[J].开发研究,2008(3)：1-4.
[207]曾先峰,李国平.我国各地区的农业生产率与收敛：1980～2005[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(5)：81-92.
[208]曾先峰,黄利,曹跃群.中国农业全要素生产率：动态演变、地区差距及收敛性[J].云南财经大学学报,2011(5)：31-38.
[209]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告[M].北京：科学出版社,2008年.
[210]张军,施少华,陈诗一.中国的工业改革与效率变化——方法、数据、文献和现有的结果[J].经济学(季刊),2003(10)：1-38.
[211]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,Kolbe H中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I—-21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004(7)：1008-1017.
[212]张锋,胡浩,张晖.江苏省农业面源污染与经济增长关系的实证[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(8)：80-85.
[213]张晓旭,冯宗宪.中国人均GDP的空间相关与地区收敛：1978-2003[J].经济学(季刊),2008,7(2)：399-414.
[214]张茹.中国经济增长地区差异的动态演进：1978-2005[J].世界经济文汇,2008(2)：69-83.
[215]张鸿武.我国地区经济增长的随机性趋同——基于综列数据单位根检验[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(8)：31-38.
[216]朱晶.农业公共投资、竞争力与粮食安全[J].经济研究,2003(1)：13-20.
[217]朱希刚.我国“九五”时期农业科技进步贡献率的测算[J].农业经济问题,2002(5)：12-13.
[218]钟甫宁,朱晶.结构调整在我国农业增长中的作用[J].中国农村经济,2000(7)：4-7.
[219]邹薇,周浩.经济趋同的计量分析与收入分布动态学研究[J].世界经济,2007(6)：81-96.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |