面向共享的矢量地理数据安全关键技术研究
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摘要
矢量地理数据是国家基础设施建设和地球科学研究的支撑性成果之一,在国家经济建设、国防建设、社会生产中有着举足轻重的地位和十分广泛的应用。随着矢量地理数据共享需求的增加,其安全问题也日益凸显,侵权、盗版、泄密、非法传播与使用等行为屡禁不止,业已严重影响和阻碍了矢量地理数据的共享与服务。因此,如何利用技术手段解决矢量地理数据共享与安全之间的矛盾是当前迫切需要解决的问题。
本文针对矢量地理数据共享服务面临的安全问题,基于加密技术、数字水印等理论和方法,对面向共享的矢量地理数据安全关键技术进行了深入研究,主要研究成果如下：
(1)基于矢量地理数据共享流程,阐述了矢量地理数据共享过程中的特点及安全要求,探讨了精度降低技术、加密技术、数字水印技术等信息安全技术的科学内涵,以及对矢量地理数据共享服务和安全保护的作用。
(2)分析了矢量地理数据精度特征,构建了矢量地理数据精度降低基本规则和数学模型。利用集合映射思想,提出了一种基于加法规则的矢量地理数据精度降低模型。该模型在降低数据精度的同时,较好地保持了矢量地理数据的拓扑关系和几何形状,使数据既能达到安全保密要求又能满足实际应用需求。
(3)利用非线性函数的特性,提出了一种基于乘法规则的矢量地理数据精度降低模型,并从理论上证明了该方法能够保持数据的位置一致性。采用的非线性变换函数具有连续性和递增性,在保持好的数据位置一致性条件下,精度也能够有效控制。
(4)在分析现代加密技术优势的基础上,针对涉密数据的安全保护,提出了一种基于AES加密技术的矢量地理数据局部加密模型。通过拓扑约束规则,保证了矢量地理数据在局部加密、解密过程中的数据可用性,提高了矢量地理数据的安全性。同时,研究了加密技术和水印技术相结合的矢量地理数据安全服务方法。
(5)阐明了矢量地理数据多级分发的应用模式、性能评价和算法设计思想。提出了一种基于双向映射的矢量地理数据两级数字水印模型,有效解决了两次嵌入水印信息相互覆盖的问题,且能保持单级数字水印算法的强鲁棒性。
(6)为了满足更多级的数据分发需求,提出了一种基于水印信息分段的多级水印算法。该算法采用水印信息先分段再合成的水印信息生成模式,有效增加了水印嵌入和数据分发的级数,为矢量地理数据多级分发提供了可行的、安全的技术手段。
(7)针对数据分发次数的变化性和不可预测性,提出了一种基于四叉树动态分块的多级水印算法。该算法可以动态添加水印信息,克服了静态多级水印只能事先确定分发次数的约束,有效提高了多级水印技术的灵活性和适应性。
Vector geographic data, as one of the supporting data for national infrastructure construction and earth science research, plays a pivotal role in the national defense and economic construction. With the growing sharing demands of vector geographic data, the security issues of which has been more and more obvious, such as infringement, piracy, leaks, illegal distribution and use behavior. And the sharing of vector geographic data is seriously blocked. Hence how to use technical means to resolve the contradiction between the sharing of vector geographic data and security is urgent in present.
Security issues of vector geographic data are analyzed in this paper. And base on encryption technology, digital watermarking technology, combining with the set mapping, the mathematical theory of non-linear change functions, the key technologies of sharing security issues for vector geographic data is deeply studied. The main research results are as follows:
(1) Based on the sharing process of vector geographic data, the security requirements and characteristics of which are expounded. And the function of precision reduction, encryption technology and digital watermarking technology working on protecting vector geographic data in the sharing progress is discussed.
(2) Based on analyzing the precision characteristics of vector geographic data, the precision reduction rule and model are implemented. Using the methods of set mapping, a random interference precision method with plus rules for vector geographic data is proposed. By using this strategy, the topology and geometry relations of the vector geographic data remain in a maximum extent, so that the application of data and the data security can both meet demand.
(3) By using the characteristics of nonlinear function, a precision reduction model for the vector geographic data based on the multiplication rule is proposed. And this method has been theoretically proved that it could maintain the consistency of the data location. As the continuity and increments of the function, the accuracy can be effectively controlled under the circumstance of keeping vector geographic data in the better topological invariance.
(4) By analyzing advantage of modern encryption technology, a strategy of security protection for classified vector geographic data based on AES encryption technology is proposed. The security of vector geographical has been enhanced by the topology rules, and at the same time the availability of vector geographic data is maintained in the local encryption and decryption process. The security service for vector geographic data is also studied based on combining encryption and watermarking.
(5) The application model, performance evaluation and algorithm design ideas of the vector geographic data is discussed. According to the demand of solving the multistage copyright protection of vector geographic data, a two-level watermarking model for vector geographic based on bi-directional mapping is proposed, so that the second watermarking would not cover the first one. Moreover this algorism achieved the goal that to maintain robustness of the single-level digital watermarking algorithm
(6) A multi-level watermarking algorithm is proposed so that the problem of embedding more than two users into the vector geographic data is solved. By using the method of resynthesizing the segmented watermark information, the level has been increased; the proposed algorithm enhanced the copyright protection for vector geographic data.
(7) Furthermore, a quad-tree dynamic block multi-level watermarking algorithm is proposed to solve the unpredictability of the data distribution quantity. By using this algorithm, the watermark information can be dynamically added. So that the constraints of pre-arranging the quantity of the data distribution is overcome and the multi-level watermark technology could be more flexible.
本文针对矢量地理数据共享服务面临的安全问题,基于加密技术、数字水印等理论和方法,对面向共享的矢量地理数据安全关键技术进行了深入研究,主要研究成果如下：
(1)基于矢量地理数据共享流程,阐述了矢量地理数据共享过程中的特点及安全要求,探讨了精度降低技术、加密技术、数字水印技术等信息安全技术的科学内涵,以及对矢量地理数据共享服务和安全保护的作用。
(2)分析了矢量地理数据精度特征,构建了矢量地理数据精度降低基本规则和数学模型。利用集合映射思想,提出了一种基于加法规则的矢量地理数据精度降低模型。该模型在降低数据精度的同时,较好地保持了矢量地理数据的拓扑关系和几何形状,使数据既能达到安全保密要求又能满足实际应用需求。
(3)利用非线性函数的特性,提出了一种基于乘法规则的矢量地理数据精度降低模型,并从理论上证明了该方法能够保持数据的位置一致性。采用的非线性变换函数具有连续性和递增性,在保持好的数据位置一致性条件下,精度也能够有效控制。
(4)在分析现代加密技术优势的基础上,针对涉密数据的安全保护,提出了一种基于AES加密技术的矢量地理数据局部加密模型。通过拓扑约束规则,保证了矢量地理数据在局部加密、解密过程中的数据可用性,提高了矢量地理数据的安全性。同时,研究了加密技术和水印技术相结合的矢量地理数据安全服务方法。
(5)阐明了矢量地理数据多级分发的应用模式、性能评价和算法设计思想。提出了一种基于双向映射的矢量地理数据两级数字水印模型,有效解决了两次嵌入水印信息相互覆盖的问题,且能保持单级数字水印算法的强鲁棒性。
(6)为了满足更多级的数据分发需求,提出了一种基于水印信息分段的多级水印算法。该算法采用水印信息先分段再合成的水印信息生成模式,有效增加了水印嵌入和数据分发的级数,为矢量地理数据多级分发提供了可行的、安全的技术手段。
(7)针对数据分发次数的变化性和不可预测性,提出了一种基于四叉树动态分块的多级水印算法。该算法可以动态添加水印信息,克服了静态多级水印只能事先确定分发次数的约束,有效提高了多级水印技术的灵活性和适应性。
Vector geographic data, as one of the supporting data for national infrastructure construction and earth science research, plays a pivotal role in the national defense and economic construction. With the growing sharing demands of vector geographic data, the security issues of which has been more and more obvious, such as infringement, piracy, leaks, illegal distribution and use behavior. And the sharing of vector geographic data is seriously blocked. Hence how to use technical means to resolve the contradiction between the sharing of vector geographic data and security is urgent in present.
Security issues of vector geographic data are analyzed in this paper. And base on encryption technology, digital watermarking technology, combining with the set mapping, the mathematical theory of non-linear change functions, the key technologies of sharing security issues for vector geographic data is deeply studied. The main research results are as follows:
(1) Based on the sharing process of vector geographic data, the security requirements and characteristics of which are expounded. And the function of precision reduction, encryption technology and digital watermarking technology working on protecting vector geographic data in the sharing progress is discussed.
(2) Based on analyzing the precision characteristics of vector geographic data, the precision reduction rule and model are implemented. Using the methods of set mapping, a random interference precision method with plus rules for vector geographic data is proposed. By using this strategy, the topology and geometry relations of the vector geographic data remain in a maximum extent, so that the application of data and the data security can both meet demand.
(3) By using the characteristics of nonlinear function, a precision reduction model for the vector geographic data based on the multiplication rule is proposed. And this method has been theoretically proved that it could maintain the consistency of the data location. As the continuity and increments of the function, the accuracy can be effectively controlled under the circumstance of keeping vector geographic data in the better topological invariance.
(4) By analyzing advantage of modern encryption technology, a strategy of security protection for classified vector geographic data based on AES encryption technology is proposed. The security of vector geographical has been enhanced by the topology rules, and at the same time the availability of vector geographic data is maintained in the local encryption and decryption process. The security service for vector geographic data is also studied based on combining encryption and watermarking.
(5) The application model, performance evaluation and algorithm design ideas of the vector geographic data is discussed. According to the demand of solving the multistage copyright protection of vector geographic data, a two-level watermarking model for vector geographic based on bi-directional mapping is proposed, so that the second watermarking would not cover the first one. Moreover this algorism achieved the goal that to maintain robustness of the single-level digital watermarking algorithm
(6) A multi-level watermarking algorithm is proposed so that the problem of embedding more than two users into the vector geographic data is solved. By using the method of resynthesizing the segmented watermark information, the level has been increased; the proposed algorithm enhanced the copyright protection for vector geographic data.
(7) Furthermore, a quad-tree dynamic block multi-level watermarking algorithm is proposed to solve the unpredictability of the data distribution quantity. By using this algorithm, the watermark information can be dynamically added. So that the constraints of pre-arranging the quantity of the data distribution is overcome and the multi-level watermark technology could be more flexible.
引文
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