中国小麦地方品种抗白粉病新基因的发现
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摘要
小麦白粉病是严重危害小麦生产的重要病害之一。生产实践证明，培育和种植抗病品种是可持续治理小麦白粉病危害、保证小麦高产稳产的重要手段之一。抗病品种的培育需要有抗病种质资源的积累和储备。我国小麦地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性，是小麦抗白粉病基因的重要来源。本研究的主要目的是发现和定位小麦地方品种的有效抗白粉病基因，为小麦抗白粉病育种提供新的抗源。
1、利用小麦地方品种红洋辣子×中作9504组合的264株F2群体和210个F2:3家系进行抗性遗传分析，发现红洋辣子对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmHYLZ控制。利用分子标记技术和集群分离分组分析法（BSA）将PmHYLZ定位在7B染色体短臂上，并构建了遗传连锁图谱。PmHYLZ位于EST标记BE606897和SSR标记Xgwm46之间，遗传距离分别是1.7cM和3.6cM。利用中国春及其第7部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmHYLZ定位在7B染色体短臂的7BS-1-0.27-1.0区域。从抗谱、来源及其在染色体上的位置比较了PmHYLZ与位于同一染色体臂的Pm40，证明PmHYLZ是不同于Pm40的一个新的抗白粉病基因，根据这些结果，PmHYLZ被正式命名为Pm47。
2、小麦地方品种箭头红与中作9504杂交，构建289株F2群体和224个F2:3家系，抗性遗传分析表明，箭头红对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmJ控制。利用SSR标记和ISBR标记结合BSA法将箭头红所携带的抗白粉病基因PmJ定位在3BS上。PmJ位于ISBR标记cfp1347和SSR标记Xgwm533之间，遗传距离分别是2.2cM和0.7cM。利用中国春及其第3部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmJ定位在3B染色体短臂的3BS-9-0.57-0.75区域。从抗谱、来源和在染色体上的位置看，PmJ与位于相同染色体的Pm13不同，是一个新的抗白粉病基因。
3、遗传分析表明，小麦地方品种笨三月黄对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmB控制。利用SLAF-seq技术和Super-BSA方法将笨三月黄携带的抗白粉病基因PmB定位在5A染色体上，通过SSR标记的加密，构建了基因PmB的遗传连锁图谱。PmB位于dCAPS标记ESNP2和SSR标记Xbarc151之间，遗传距离分别是0.7cM和1.9cM，与dCAPS标记ESNP1共分离。利用中国春及其第5部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmB定位在5A染色体长臂的5AL-10-0.57-0.78区域。本研究的结果为SLAF-seq技术在小麦抗病基因快速、准确定位上的应用提供了一个实例。
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most destructivediseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Host plant resistance is the most cost-effective and sustainablemeasure to control this disease. The development of powdery mildew resistant cultivars relies on theavailability of resistance genes. Chinese wheat landraces are rich in genetic diversity, which constitutesan important resource of powdery mildew resistance genes. The main objectives of this study were toidentify and localize effective genes for resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landraces forproviding potential new powdery mildew resisrant germplasms that can be used in wheat breeding.
1. Using an F2population (264plants) derived from a cross between the wheat landraceHongyanglazi and the susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo9504and210corresponding F2:3families, geneticanalysis indicated that Hongyanglazi carried a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmHYLZ,for its resistance to the Bgt isolate E09. PmHYLZ was flanked by microsatellite marker Xgwm46andEST marker BE606897on chromosome7BS at genetic distances of3.6cM and1.7cM, respectively.This gene differed from Pm40, also located on7BS, by origin, linked markers, and reactions to13isolates of Bgt. Based on these findings, the new powdery mildew resistance gene PmHYLZ has beenpermenantly designated Pm47.
2. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene in the landraceJiantouhong were conducted on an F2population and the corresponding F2:3families derived from thecross Jiantouhong×Zhongzuo9504. A single recessive gene in Jiantouhong, temporarily designatedPmJ, conferred its resistance to Bgt isolate E09. This gene was flanked by microsatellite markerXgwm533and cfp1347on chromosome3BS at genetic distances of0.7cM and2.2cM, respectively.Since these markers were located in the distal bin3BS-9-0.57-0.75, PmJ must be located in the samechromosomal region. This gene differed from Pm13originated from Aegilops longissima, also locatedon3BS, in their origins, the modes of inheritance, and reactions to16Bgt isolates. Thus, PmJ is a newrecessive gene that is responsible for the resistance to powdery mildew in Jiantouhong.
3. Using an F2population and the corresponding F2:3families derived from the crossBensanyuehuang×Zhongzuo9504, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were carried out toidentify the powdery mildew resistance gene in the wheat landrace Bensanyuehuang. A single recessivegene, PmB, proved to control the resistance of Bensanyuehuang to the Bgt isolate E09. By means ofSLAF-seq and Super-BSA, this gene was flanked by microsatellite marker Xbarc151and dCAPSmarker ESNP2on chromosome5AL at genetic distances of1.9cM and0.7cM, respectively. PmB wasco-segregated with the dCAPS marker ESNP1. This result demonstrates that SLAF-seq is fast andacurate means to localize the genes for disease rsistance in wheat.
1、利用小麦地方品种红洋辣子×中作9504组合的264株F2群体和210个F2:3家系进行抗性遗传分析，发现红洋辣子对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmHYLZ控制。利用分子标记技术和集群分离分组分析法（BSA）将PmHYLZ定位在7B染色体短臂上，并构建了遗传连锁图谱。PmHYLZ位于EST标记BE606897和SSR标记Xgwm46之间，遗传距离分别是1.7cM和3.6cM。利用中国春及其第7部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmHYLZ定位在7B染色体短臂的7BS-1-0.27-1.0区域。从抗谱、来源及其在染色体上的位置比较了PmHYLZ与位于同一染色体臂的Pm40，证明PmHYLZ是不同于Pm40的一个新的抗白粉病基因，根据这些结果，PmHYLZ被正式命名为Pm47。
2、小麦地方品种箭头红与中作9504杂交，构建289株F2群体和224个F2:3家系，抗性遗传分析表明，箭头红对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmJ控制。利用SSR标记和ISBR标记结合BSA法将箭头红所携带的抗白粉病基因PmJ定位在3BS上。PmJ位于ISBR标记cfp1347和SSR标记Xgwm533之间，遗传距离分别是2.2cM和0.7cM。利用中国春及其第3部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmJ定位在3B染色体短臂的3BS-9-0.57-0.75区域。从抗谱、来源和在染色体上的位置看，PmJ与位于相同染色体的Pm13不同，是一个新的抗白粉病基因。
3、遗传分析表明，小麦地方品种笨三月黄对E09菌株的抗性受隐性单基因PmB控制。利用SLAF-seq技术和Super-BSA方法将笨三月黄携带的抗白粉病基因PmB定位在5A染色体上，通过SSR标记的加密，构建了基因PmB的遗传连锁图谱。PmB位于dCAPS标记ESNP2和SSR标记Xbarc151之间，遗传距离分别是0.7cM和1.9cM，与dCAPS标记ESNP1共分离。利用中国春及其第5部分同源群染色体缺失系将PmB定位在5A染色体长臂的5AL-10-0.57-0.78区域。本研究的结果为SLAF-seq技术在小麦抗病基因快速、准确定位上的应用提供了一个实例。
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most destructivediseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Host plant resistance is the most cost-effective and sustainablemeasure to control this disease. The development of powdery mildew resistant cultivars relies on theavailability of resistance genes. Chinese wheat landraces are rich in genetic diversity, which constitutesan important resource of powdery mildew resistance genes. The main objectives of this study were toidentify and localize effective genes for resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landraces forproviding potential new powdery mildew resisrant germplasms that can be used in wheat breeding.
1. Using an F2population (264plants) derived from a cross between the wheat landraceHongyanglazi and the susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo9504and210corresponding F2:3families, geneticanalysis indicated that Hongyanglazi carried a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmHYLZ,for its resistance to the Bgt isolate E09. PmHYLZ was flanked by microsatellite marker Xgwm46andEST marker BE606897on chromosome7BS at genetic distances of3.6cM and1.7cM, respectively.This gene differed from Pm40, also located on7BS, by origin, linked markers, and reactions to13isolates of Bgt. Based on these findings, the new powdery mildew resistance gene PmHYLZ has beenpermenantly designated Pm47.
2. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene in the landraceJiantouhong were conducted on an F2population and the corresponding F2:3families derived from thecross Jiantouhong×Zhongzuo9504. A single recessive gene in Jiantouhong, temporarily designatedPmJ, conferred its resistance to Bgt isolate E09. This gene was flanked by microsatellite markerXgwm533and cfp1347on chromosome3BS at genetic distances of0.7cM and2.2cM, respectively.Since these markers were located in the distal bin3BS-9-0.57-0.75, PmJ must be located in the samechromosomal region. This gene differed from Pm13originated from Aegilops longissima, also locatedon3BS, in their origins, the modes of inheritance, and reactions to16Bgt isolates. Thus, PmJ is a newrecessive gene that is responsible for the resistance to powdery mildew in Jiantouhong.
3. Using an F2population and the corresponding F2:3families derived from the crossBensanyuehuang×Zhongzuo9504, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were carried out toidentify the powdery mildew resistance gene in the wheat landrace Bensanyuehuang. A single recessivegene, PmB, proved to control the resistance of Bensanyuehuang to the Bgt isolate E09. By means ofSLAF-seq and Super-BSA, this gene was flanked by microsatellite marker Xbarc151and dCAPSmarker ESNP2on chromosome5AL at genetic distances of1.9cM and0.7cM, respectively. PmB wasco-segregated with the dCAPS marker ESNP1. This result demonstrates that SLAF-seq is fast andacurate means to localize the genes for disease rsistance in wheat.
引文
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