克氏原螯虾在我国的入侵遗传学研究
|
摘要
外来物种克氏原螯虾作为我国一个重要的淡水养殖对象,为我国的经济作出了一定的贡献。但是,作为外来入侵物种的克氏原螯虾给入侵地带来的危害也相当严重。弄清外来生物扩散模式、入侵路径以及外来物种在入侵过程中各种影响因素的相互作用等,对合理预防入侵物种的危害,制定科学合理的控制策略具有重要意义。为了摸清克氏原螯虾种群扩散模式和入侵路线及其入侵过程中的相关影响因素,合理控制其危害,本论文从外来物种克氏原螯虾在我国的种群遗传多样性、种群遗传结构等方面进行分析以推测克氏原螯虾的首个入侵地,推断其入侵路径,研究其扩散模式；同时测定了克氏原螯虾线粒体全基因组,并进行了基因结构和适应性进化分析,从分子水平上研究入侵种克氏原螯虾和甲壳动物线粒体基因在适应不同的环境压力下和进化中发生怎样的变化；并试图分析克氏原螯虾免疫相关基因proPO在不同因子刺激后的表达情况,从免疫基因入手研究其与克氏原螯虾成功入侵是否具有相关性。主要研究结果如下：
(1)建立了一种从克氏原螯虾的虾壳中提取DNA的方法,用虾壳作为DNA来源,其样本取样时对实验动物伤害小,样本易长期保存,且提取的DNA降解程度比从肌肉中提取的DNA降解程度低,可适用于克氏原螯虾种群遗传多样性分析及相关分子生物学应用研究。
(2)利用12对微卫星引物和线粒体COI以及16S rRNA序列对37个克氏原螯虾种群(35个种群采自我国,1个种群采自美国,1个种群采自日本)的种群遗传多样性和种群遗传结构进行了分析,并进一步分析克氏原螯虾群体的扩散模式,探明种群的来源地以及是来自单个还是多个引进事件。结果表明,我国的克氏原螯虾种群都具有较高的遗传多样性；克氏原螯虾可能来自日本；人为介导的扩散是我国克氏原螯虾入侵的重要途径之一；不排除多次引入事件或隐性入侵的存在。
(3)基于利用微卫星标记和线粒体COI以及16S rRNA序列的克氏原螯虾的种群遗传结构分析及种群遗传多样性的研究,进一步利用克氏原螯虾线粒体控制区序列和核基因proPOx内含子序列及一些历史数据推测克氏原螯虾入侵路径。结果表明,克氏原螯虾系从日本引入我国,然后主要依靠自然扩散和人工介导的扩散沿着长江中下游进行扩散。此外,我们只发现克氏原螯虾从长江中下游扩散到长江中上游,而没发现从长江上游往长江中下游扩散的。结果亦表明我国的克氏原螯虾的扩散路线比我们预想的要复杂。
(4)克隆克氏原螯虾线粒体序列,分析其碱基组成和排列等,同时对37个克氏原螯虾种群的线粒体COI基因和92种甲壳动物线粒体的13个基因进行了适应性进化分析,结果发现,线粒体基因是相对保守的,在进化过程中以净化选择为主,其变异基本以同义突变为主。
(5)利用荧光定量PCR方法分析克氏原螯虾proPO基因的mRNA在9种组织(血淋巴、肝胰腺、卵巢、肌肉、精巢、皮肤、腮、肠、胃)中的分布情况以及在CPG ODN (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide,含CpG的寡脱氧核苷酸)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、对虾白斑病病毒(White spot syndrome virus, WSS V)等因子刺激后不同时间段的表达情况。结果显示,克氏原螯虾proPO基因在血淋巴中转录水平最高,其次是肝胰腺、卵巢、肌肉和精巢中转录水平较高,在表皮和鳃中有较弱表达,而在肠和胃中几乎无表达；克氏原螯虾proPO在螯虾的免疫系统中发挥着重要的作用,其表达情况会因不同的刺激源或刺激压力(如受CpG ODN、 A. hydrophila和WSSV的刺激)以及不同的组织而有所差别。
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is an important freshwater aquaculture species in China. The crayfish has caused serious damages for invasion areas as an invasive species although it has attributed greatly to our economy of China. Information on dispersal pattern and various impacts for invasion success would be useful for the establishment of possible methodologies for the prevention and control of their invasions. In order to identify the spread pattern, invasion route, and related impacts in the course of invasion for the prevention and control of the crayfish, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure etc. were investigated in this study to infer initial invasion place, retrace the dispersal routes, and study dispersal pattern of P. clarkii. The mitochondrial genome of P. clarkii were cloned, and its gene structure and adaptive evolution for mitochondrial gene were analyzed, to investigate what variations the mitochondrial gene of P. clarkii and crustacean would happen while enduring different environment pressure and evolution in molecular level. And the expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene was studied after challenges by varied stimuli to infer whether there is a correlation between immunogene and invasion success of P. clarkii. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) An efficient protocol for DNA extraction from red swamp crayfish exoskeleton was described. If the samples are collected from crayfish exoskeleton, the crayfish exoskeleton samples are less invasive and can be easily preserved long. And crayfish exoskeleton samples showed less apparent DNA degeneration than muscle DNA samples. The crayfish exoskeleton samples could be used for the population genetic research and related applications in molecular biology.
(2) The genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations at37sampling sites (35from China, one from the USA and one from Japan) were analyzed using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and16S rRNA) and12nuclear microsatellites. And based on those analyses, the dispersal pattern of P. clarkii, and whether the introduction of P. clarkii in China was derived from a single or multiple event(s) were further analyzed. The results showed that:(ⅰ) relatively high genetic diversity was detected in Chinese populations,(ⅱ) the population from Japan and those collected from China, particularly from NanJing (BGt and XG) and its some neighboring sites (CJr, NT and NB), have similar genetic composition,(iii) human-mediated dispersal was one important dispersal route for P. clarkii in China, and (iv) multiple introductions and/or other unintentional introductions in China might exist.
(3) Based on the study of genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and16S rRNA) and nuclear microsatellites, the sequences of mitochondrial control region and nuclear proPOx intron were used to infer the invasion history of P. clarkii in China in combination with historical records. The results revealed P. clarkii is most possible from Japan, which originated via introductions from an unsampled source, then mainly expanded and transferred in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in China by natural expansion and human-mediated jump dispersal, and less spread from the upper reaches of Changjiang River to the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. Additionally, the results also show that the dispersal pathways for P. clarkii might be much more complex than previously assumed.
(4) The mitochondrial genome of P. clarkii was obtained. And the base composition and gene arrangement of the mitochondrial genome were analyzed. We investigated adaptive evolution for mitochondrial COI gene of37P. clarkii populations, and13mitochondrial genes concatenated of92crustacean mitochondrial genomes. The results showed that mitochondrial genes were conserved, given priority to purifying selection in the course of evolution, and given priority to synonymous mutations for variation.
(5) The expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene was investigated in nine tissues, including haemocytes, hepatopancreas, ovary, muscles, spermary, cuticular epidermis, branchia, intestines, and stomach of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii by real-time PCR before and after challenges by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), Aeromonas hydrophila and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The results showed that the highest level of mRNA was observed in haemocytes, followed by those in the hepatopancreas, ovary, muscles, spermary, cuticular epidermis, branchia, intestines, and stomach sequentially. The proPO gene may play an important role in the immune system of the crayfish, and proPO expression might be activated in different tissues by different mechanisms in response to various stresses, such as CpG ODN, A. hydrophila and WSSV challenges.
(1)建立了一种从克氏原螯虾的虾壳中提取DNA的方法,用虾壳作为DNA来源,其样本取样时对实验动物伤害小,样本易长期保存,且提取的DNA降解程度比从肌肉中提取的DNA降解程度低,可适用于克氏原螯虾种群遗传多样性分析及相关分子生物学应用研究。
(2)利用12对微卫星引物和线粒体COI以及16S rRNA序列对37个克氏原螯虾种群(35个种群采自我国,1个种群采自美国,1个种群采自日本)的种群遗传多样性和种群遗传结构进行了分析,并进一步分析克氏原螯虾群体的扩散模式,探明种群的来源地以及是来自单个还是多个引进事件。结果表明,我国的克氏原螯虾种群都具有较高的遗传多样性；克氏原螯虾可能来自日本；人为介导的扩散是我国克氏原螯虾入侵的重要途径之一；不排除多次引入事件或隐性入侵的存在。
(3)基于利用微卫星标记和线粒体COI以及16S rRNA序列的克氏原螯虾的种群遗传结构分析及种群遗传多样性的研究,进一步利用克氏原螯虾线粒体控制区序列和核基因proPOx内含子序列及一些历史数据推测克氏原螯虾入侵路径。结果表明,克氏原螯虾系从日本引入我国,然后主要依靠自然扩散和人工介导的扩散沿着长江中下游进行扩散。此外,我们只发现克氏原螯虾从长江中下游扩散到长江中上游,而没发现从长江上游往长江中下游扩散的。结果亦表明我国的克氏原螯虾的扩散路线比我们预想的要复杂。
(4)克隆克氏原螯虾线粒体序列,分析其碱基组成和排列等,同时对37个克氏原螯虾种群的线粒体COI基因和92种甲壳动物线粒体的13个基因进行了适应性进化分析,结果发现,线粒体基因是相对保守的,在进化过程中以净化选择为主,其变异基本以同义突变为主。
(5)利用荧光定量PCR方法分析克氏原螯虾proPO基因的mRNA在9种组织(血淋巴、肝胰腺、卵巢、肌肉、精巢、皮肤、腮、肠、胃)中的分布情况以及在CPG ODN (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide,含CpG的寡脱氧核苷酸)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、对虾白斑病病毒(White spot syndrome virus, WSS V)等因子刺激后不同时间段的表达情况。结果显示,克氏原螯虾proPO基因在血淋巴中转录水平最高,其次是肝胰腺、卵巢、肌肉和精巢中转录水平较高,在表皮和鳃中有较弱表达,而在肠和胃中几乎无表达；克氏原螯虾proPO在螯虾的免疫系统中发挥着重要的作用,其表达情况会因不同的刺激源或刺激压力(如受CpG ODN、 A. hydrophila和WSSV的刺激)以及不同的组织而有所差别。
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is an important freshwater aquaculture species in China. The crayfish has caused serious damages for invasion areas as an invasive species although it has attributed greatly to our economy of China. Information on dispersal pattern and various impacts for invasion success would be useful for the establishment of possible methodologies for the prevention and control of their invasions. In order to identify the spread pattern, invasion route, and related impacts in the course of invasion for the prevention and control of the crayfish, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure etc. were investigated in this study to infer initial invasion place, retrace the dispersal routes, and study dispersal pattern of P. clarkii. The mitochondrial genome of P. clarkii were cloned, and its gene structure and adaptive evolution for mitochondrial gene were analyzed, to investigate what variations the mitochondrial gene of P. clarkii and crustacean would happen while enduring different environment pressure and evolution in molecular level. And the expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene was studied after challenges by varied stimuli to infer whether there is a correlation between immunogene and invasion success of P. clarkii. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) An efficient protocol for DNA extraction from red swamp crayfish exoskeleton was described. If the samples are collected from crayfish exoskeleton, the crayfish exoskeleton samples are less invasive and can be easily preserved long. And crayfish exoskeleton samples showed less apparent DNA degeneration than muscle DNA samples. The crayfish exoskeleton samples could be used for the population genetic research and related applications in molecular biology.
(2) The genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations at37sampling sites (35from China, one from the USA and one from Japan) were analyzed using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and16S rRNA) and12nuclear microsatellites. And based on those analyses, the dispersal pattern of P. clarkii, and whether the introduction of P. clarkii in China was derived from a single or multiple event(s) were further analyzed. The results showed that:(ⅰ) relatively high genetic diversity was detected in Chinese populations,(ⅱ) the population from Japan and those collected from China, particularly from NanJing (BGt and XG) and its some neighboring sites (CJr, NT and NB), have similar genetic composition,(iii) human-mediated dispersal was one important dispersal route for P. clarkii in China, and (iv) multiple introductions and/or other unintentional introductions in China might exist.
(3) Based on the study of genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and16S rRNA) and nuclear microsatellites, the sequences of mitochondrial control region and nuclear proPOx intron were used to infer the invasion history of P. clarkii in China in combination with historical records. The results revealed P. clarkii is most possible from Japan, which originated via introductions from an unsampled source, then mainly expanded and transferred in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River in China by natural expansion and human-mediated jump dispersal, and less spread from the upper reaches of Changjiang River to the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. Additionally, the results also show that the dispersal pathways for P. clarkii might be much more complex than previously assumed.
(4) The mitochondrial genome of P. clarkii was obtained. And the base composition and gene arrangement of the mitochondrial genome were analyzed. We investigated adaptive evolution for mitochondrial COI gene of37P. clarkii populations, and13mitochondrial genes concatenated of92crustacean mitochondrial genomes. The results showed that mitochondrial genes were conserved, given priority to purifying selection in the course of evolution, and given priority to synonymous mutations for variation.
(5) The expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene was investigated in nine tissues, including haemocytes, hepatopancreas, ovary, muscles, spermary, cuticular epidermis, branchia, intestines, and stomach of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii by real-time PCR before and after challenges by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), Aeromonas hydrophila and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The results showed that the highest level of mRNA was observed in haemocytes, followed by those in the hepatopancreas, ovary, muscles, spermary, cuticular epidermis, branchia, intestines, and stomach sequentially. The proPO gene may play an important role in the immune system of the crayfish, and proPO expression might be activated in different tissues by different mechanisms in response to various stresses, such as CpG ODN, A. hydrophila and WSSV challenges.
引文
1.蔡凤金,武正军,何南,宁蕾,黄乘明.克氏原螯虾的入侵生态学研究进展.生态学杂志,2010,29(1)：124-132
2.曹玲亮,周立志,张保卫.安徽三大水系入侵物种克氏原螯虾的群体遗传格局.生物多样性,2010,18(4)：398-407
3.桂富荣,郭建英,万方浩.ISSR分子标记在入侵植物研究中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,18：919-923
4.洪晓武,张亚平,储以微,高海峰,蒋正刚,熊思东.人猿超科和旧大陆猴7种高等灵长类FKN全基因序列的测定及进化分析.遗传,2008,30(5)：595-601
5.胡婧,刘念,黄原.节肢动物线粒体基因组研究进展与基因顺序分析,昆虫分类学报,2006,28(2)：153-160
6.黄伟.外来生物入侵途径与控制分析.中国科技信息,2008,12：196,199
7.黄勇富,张亚平,邱祥聘,曾凡同,肖永祚.猪线粒体DNA多态性与中国地方猪种起源分化的关系.遗传学报,1998,25(4)：322-329
8.江舒,庞璐,黄成.外来种克氏原螯虾的危害及其防治.生物学通报,2007,42(5)：15-16
9.李成华,李太武,宋林生.微卫星DNA技术及其应用的探讨.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(4)：352-355
10.李春艳,丁君,常亚青,孙效文.虾夷扇贝微卫星标记的分离及其养殖群体的遗传结构分析.中国水产科学,2009,16(1)：39-46
11.李光友.中国对虾疾病与免疫机制.海洋科学,1995,4：1-3
12.李健,刘萍,王清印,李朝霞,孙昭宁,何玉英.中国对虾遗传连锁图谱的构建.水产学报,2008,32(2)：161-173
13.李家乐,董志国,李应森,王成辉.中国外来水生动植物.上海：上海科技出版社,2007：1-178
14.李林春,段鸿斌.克氏螫虾(龙虾)生物学特性研究.安徽农业科学,2005,33(6)：1058-1059
15.李顺才,徐兴友,杜利强,尹秀玲,孟宪东,解敬瑶.中国养殖业中的外来物种入侵现象调查分析.中国农学通报,2005,21(6)：156-159
16.李艳和.克氏螯虾酚氧化酶原全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析.[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽农业大学,2007
17.李艳和,王永杰,杨克礼,陈宇,佘磊.克氏原螯虾酚氧化酶原mRNA组织分布特性研究.安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(3)：146-150
18.李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京：中国林业出版社,2002：1-211
19.梁宏伟,邹桂伟,罗相忠,王长忠,呼光富,李忠.3种中国鲤]mtDNA D-Loop序列的多态性与系统进化研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3)：55-60
20.刘博.中国对虾“黄海1号”遗传连锁图谱构建及生长相关QTL定位.[博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学,2009
21.刘焕章.鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构与进化：以鳑鲏鱼类为例.自然科学进展,2002,12(3)：266-70
22.刘其根,李应森,陈蓝荪.克氏原螯虾的生物学.水产科技情报,2008,35(1)：21-23
23.刘炜.克氏原螯虾肌肉肌苷酸含量及遗传多样性研究.[硕士学位论文].扬州：扬州大学,2008
24.萨姆布鲁克,黄培堂译.《分子克隆实验手册》第三版.北京：科学出版社,2002：59-60
25.孙杰,王宝杰,李晓华,孙姝娟,刘梅,蒋克勇,王雷.中国明对虾酚氧化酶原基因cDNA的克隆与表达特征.水产学报,2010,34(1)：56-66
26.孙铮.昆虫基因组密码子使用及进化分析.[博士学位论文].泰安：山东农业大学,2009
27.舒新亚.克氏原螯虾产业发展及存在的问题.中国水产,2010,8：22-25
28.唐文乔,胡雪莲,杨金权.从线粒体控制区全序列变异看短颌鲚和湖鲚的物种有效性.生物多样性,2007,15(3)：224-231
29.童馨,龚世园,喻达辉,黄桂菊,杜博,李色东.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)不同世代养殖群体的遗传多样性分析.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2)：214-220
30.魏青山.关于河(螯)虾类名称的商榷.动物学杂志,1989,24(6)：50-51
31.王长忠,李忠,梁宏伟,呼光富,吴勤超,邹桂伟,罗相忠.长江下游地区4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性分析.生物多样性,2009,17(5)：518-523
32.王芳.防治外来物种入侵立法研究.[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学,2006
33.王慧慧,董彦岭,苏昕,李振兴.我国克氏原螯虾的进出口贸易实证分析与研究.中国渔业经济,2012,30(1)：165-169
34.王雷,李光友.甲壳动物的体液免疫研究进展.海洋科学,1992,3：18-19.
35.王卫民.软壳克氏原螯虾在我国开发利用的前景.水生生物学报,1999,23(4)：375-381
36.王蕊.克氏原螯虾的营养保健功能及相关食品的研究与开发.水产科技情报,2008,35(1)：24-27
37.王巍,朱华,胡红霞.4种鲟鱼养殖亲鱼群体遗传多样性分析.动物学杂志,2012,47(1)：105-111
38.夏爱军,唐建清.克氏原螯虾现状与研究思路.水产养殖,2006,27：9-11
39.吴剑波,周运和,王存国.酚氧化酶与虾蟹的免疫机制.中国水产,2003,11：83-84
40.熊春蓉,陈琳,孙海波,孙艳,张东辉,马磊,朱昌亮.淡色库蚊抗药性相关基因酚氧化酶基因cDNA克隆与分析.中华卫生杀虫药械,2009,15(2)：97-99
41.徐海根,王健民,强胜,王长永. 《生物多样性公约》热点研究：外来物种入侵、生物安全、遗传资源.北京：科学出版社,2004：10-50
42.徐鹏,周岭华,相建海.中国对虾微卫星DNA的筛选.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(3)：255-259
43.姚润丰.400余种外来生物入侵我国.草业科学,2005,22(1)：51
44.张吉清,赵宗胜,李大全,徐杰.微卫星标记及其在牛遗传育种中的应用.黄牛杂志,2001,27(3)：1-5
45.张天时,刘萍,李健,孔杰,王清印.用微卫星DNA技术对中国对虾人工选育群体遗传多样性的研究.水产学报,2005,29(1)：6-12
46.张文娟.基于密码子水平的生物信息学分析及进化研究.[博士学位论文].上海：复旦大学,2006
47.张亚平,Ryder OA,范志勇,张和明,何廷美,何光听,张安居,费立松,钟 顺隆,陈红,张成林,杨明海,朱飞兵,彭真信,普天春,陈玉村,姚敏达,郭伟.大熊猫DNA序列变异及其遗传多样性研究.中国科学,1997,27(2)：139-144
48.褚栋,张友军,万方浩.分子标记技术在入侵生态学研究中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,18(6)：1383-1387
49. Adao H, Marques JC. Population biology of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard 1852) in southern Portugal. Crustaceana,1993,65(3):336-345
50. Ai HS, Huang YC, Li SD Weng SP, Yu XQ, He JG Characterization of a prophenoloxidase from hemocytes of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that is down-regulated by white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2008,25(1-2): 28-39
51. Allendorf FW, Lundquist LL. Introduction:population biology, evolution, and control of invasive species. Conserv Biol,2003,17(1):24-30
52. Alex ED, Karlene G, Christopher E. Precipitation of RNA impurities with high salt in a plasmid DNA purification process:Use of experimental design to determine reaction conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng,2003,83 (5):544-553
53. Amos B, Schlotterer C, Tautz D. Social structure of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling. Science,1993,260:670-672
54. Amparyup P, Charoensapsri W, Tassanakajon A. Two prophenoloxidases are important for the survival of Vibrioharveyi challenged shrimp Penaeus monodon. Dev Comp Immunol,2009,33(2):247-256
55. Amsellem L, Noyer JL, Le Bourgeois T, Hossaert-McKey M. Comparison of genetic diversity of the invasive weed Rubus alceifolius Poir. (Rosaceae) in its native range and in areas of introduction, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Mol Ecol,2000,9(4):443-455
56. Anastacio PM, Parente VS, Correia AM. Crayfish effects on seeds and seedlings: identification and quantification of damage. Freshwater Biol,2005,50(4):697-704
57. Aranishi F. Single fish egg DNA extraction for PCR amplification. Conserv Genet, 2006,7 (1):153-156
58. Arrignon JC, Ge'rard P, Krier A, Laurent PJ. The situation in Belgium, France and Luxembourg. In:Crayfish in Europe as Alien Species. How to Make the Best of a Bad Situation? (eds Gherardi, F., D. M. Holdich), A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.1999, pp 129-140.
59. Ashida M, Yamazaki H. Biochemistry of the phenoloxidase system in insects:with special reference to its activation.//Molting and metamorphosis. Ohnishi E, Ishizaki H (eds). Berlin:Springer Verlag,1990:239-265
60. Atmadja DS, Tatsuno Y, Ueno Y, Nishimura A. The effect of extraction methods, the kind of organs samples and the examination delay on the yields and typing. Kobe J Med Sci,1995,41(6):197-211
61. Barbaresi S, Fani R, Gherardi F, Mengoni A, Souty-Grosset C. Genetic variability of European populations of an invasive American crayfish:preliminary results. Biol Invasions,2003,5(3):269-274
62. Barbaresi S, Gherardi F, Mengoni A, Souty-Grosst C. Genetics and invasion biology in fresh waters:a pilot study of Procambarus clarkii in Europe. Biological invaders in inland waters:Profile, distribution and threats. Springer,2007
63. Belfiore NM, May B. Variable microsatellite loci in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and their characterization in other crayfish taxa. Mol Ecol, 2000,9(12):2231-2234
64. Bi KR, Gu W, Wang W. Sensitive and rapid detection of freshwater crustacean Spiroplasmas by ISRs-sequence-targeted species-specific primers. Eur Food Res Technol,2008,227(6):1733-1737
65. Biase FH, Franco MM, Goulart LR, Antunes RC. Protocol for extraction of genomic DNA from swine solid tissues. Genet Mol Biol,2002,25(3):313-315
66. Boissin E, Hurley B, Wingfield MJ, Vasaitis R, Stenlid J, Davis C, de Groot P, Ahumada R, Carnegie A, Goldarazena A, Klasmer P, Wermelinger B, Slippers B. Retracing the routes of introduction of invasive species:the case of the Sir ex noctilio woodwasp. Mol Ecol,2012,21(23):5728-5744
67. Bostein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW. Construction of genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length Polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet,1980,32(3): 314-331
68. Bowen BW, Grant WS. Phylogeography of the sardines (Sardinops spp.):assessing biogeographic models and population histories in temperate upwelling zones. Evolution,1997,51(5):1601-1610
69. Bowen BW, Muss A, Rocha LA, Grant WS. Shallow mtDNA coalescence in Atlantic pygmy angelfishes (genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean. JHered,2006,97(1):1-12
70. Boyce TM, Zwick ME, Aquadro CF. Mitochondrial DNA in the bark weerils:Size, structure and heteroplasmy. Genetics,1989,123:825-836
71. Boyce TM, Zwick ME, Aquadro CF. Mitochondrial DNA in the bark weerils: phylogeny and evolution in the Pissodes strobi species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Mol Biol Evol,1994,11(2):183-194
72. Brown WM. Polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA of Humans as revealed by restriction endonucleas analysis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1980,77(6):3605-3609
73. Brown WM. Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. In:Evolution of genes and protein, Nei, M.&R. K. Koehn eds., Sunderland,1983:62-88
74. Castelloe JT, Templeton AR. Root probabilities for intraspecific gene trees under neutral coalescent theory. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol,1994,3,102-113.
75. Cavelier L, Johannisson A, Gyllensten U. Analysis of mtDNA copy number and composition of single mitochondrial particles using flow cytometry and PCR. Exp Cell Res,2000,259(1):79-85
76. Cerenius L, Soderhal K. The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates. Immunol Rev,2004,198:116-126
77. Chang PS, Chen HC, Wang YC. Detection of white spot syndrome associated baculovirus in experimentally infected wild shrimp, crab and lobsters by in situ hybridization. Aquaculture,1998,164(1-4):233-242
78. Chu RS, Targoni OS, Krieg AM, Lehmann PV, Harding CV. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity. J Exp Med,1997,186(10):1623-1631
79. Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA. TCS:a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol,2000,9(10):1657-1659
80. Cornuet JM, Santos F, Beaumont MA, Robert CP, Marin JM, Balding DJ, Guillemaud T, Estoup A. Inferring population history with DIYABC:a user-friendly approach to approximate bayesian computation. Bioinformatics,2008,24(23):2713-2719
81. Cornuet JM, Ravigne V, Estoup A. Inference on population history and model checking using DNA sequence and microsatellite data with the software DIYABC (v1.0). BMC Bioinformatics,2010,11:401
82. Crandall KA, Lawler SH, Austin CM. A preliminary examination of the molecular phylogenetic relationships of some crayfish genera from Australia (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Freshwater Crayfish,1995,10:18-30
83. Darling JA, Bagley MJ, Roman J, Tepolt CK, Geller JB. Genetic patterns across multiple introductions of the globally invasive crab genus Carcinus. Mol Ecol,2008, 17(23):4992-5007
84. Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D. jModelTest 2:more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat Methods,2012,9(8):772.
85. Day JJ, Santini S, Garcia-Moreno J. Phylogenetic relationships of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini:The story from mitochondrial DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol,2007,45(2):629-642
86. Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Loew D, A. Van Dorsselaer, Rodriguez J, Bachere E. Penaedins, new family antimicrobial peptides isolated from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Decapoda). J Biol Chem,1997,272:28398-28406
87. Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Invading populations of an ornamental shrub show rapid life history evolution despite genetic bottlenecks. Ecol Lett,2008a,11(7):701-709
88. Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Founding events in species invasions:genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Mol Ecol,2008b,17(1): 431-449
89. Eguchi T, Eguchi Y. High yield DNA extraction from the snake cast-off skin or bird feathers using collagenase. Biotechnol Lett,2000,22(13):1097-1100
90. Elkins KL, Rhinehart-Jones TR, Stibitz S, Conover JS, Klinman DM. Bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs stimulates lymphocyte-dependent protection of mice against lethal infection with intracellular bacteria. J Immunol,1999,162(4):2291-2298
91. Ellegren H. DNA typing of museum birds. Nature,1991,354(6349):113
92. Emerson BC. Evolution on oceanic islands:molecular phylogenetie approaches to understanding patten and process. Mol Ecol,2002,11(6):951-966
93. Estoup A, Guillemaud T. Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data:why, how and so what? Mol Ecol,2010,19(19):4113-4130
94. Estoup A, Jame P, Comuet J M. Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis. Mol Ecol,2002,11(9): 1591-1604
95. Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE:a simulation study. Mol Ecol,2005,14(8):2611-2620
96. Everett RA. Patterns and pathways of biological invasions. Trends Ecol Evol,2000, 15(5):177-178
97. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S. Arlequin ver.3.0:An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online,2005,1: 47-50
98. Facon B, Pointier JP, Glaubrecht M, Poux C, Jarne P, David P. A molecular phylogeography approach to biological invasions of the New World by parthenogenetic Thiarid snails. Mol Ecol,2003,12(11):3027-3039
99. Fitzpatrick DA, Creevey CJ, McInerney JO. Evidence of positive darwinian selection in putative Meningococcal vaccine antigens. J Mol Evol,2005,61(1):90-98
100. Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijehoek R. DNA primers for amplication of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1994,3(5):304-313
101. Fredrik Ronquist, John P. Huelsenbeck. MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics,2003,19(12):1572-1574
102. Friar EA, Ladoux TA, Roalson EH, Robichaux RH. Microsatellite analysis of a population crash and bottleneck in the Mauna Kea silverword, Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. Sandwicense (Asteraceae), and its implications for reintroduction. Mol Ecol,2000,9(12):2027-2034
103. Gai YC, Zhao JM, Song LS, Li CH, Zheng PL, Qiu LM, Ni DJ. A prophenoloxidase from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis:gene cloning, expression and activity analysis. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2008,24(2):156-167
104. Gann RL. DNA and human origin. Ann Rev Anthropol,1998,17:127-143
105. Gao HW, Li FH, Dong B, Zhang QL, Xiang JH. Molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) cDNA from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its transcription injected by Vibrio anguillarum. Mol Biol Rep,2009, 36(5):1159-1166
106. Geiger W, Alcorlo P, Baltanas A, Montes C. Impact of an introduced crustacean on the trophic webs of Mediterranean wetlands. Biol Invasions,2005,7(1):49-73
107. Georgiadis N, Bishof L, Templeton A, Patton J, Karesh W, Western D. Structure and history of African elephant populations:Ⅰ. Eastern and Southern Africa. J Hered, 1994,85(2):100-104
108. Guillemaud T, Beaumont MA, Ciosi M, Cornuet JM, Estoup A. Inferring introduction routes of invasive species using Approximate Bayesian Computation on microsatellite data. Heredity,2010,104(1):88-99
109. Guindon S, Delsuc F, Dufayard JF, Gascuel O. Estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML. Methods Mol Biol,2009,537:113-137
110. Habsburgo-Lorena AS. Socioeconomic aspects of the crawfish industry in Spain. Freshwater Crayfish,1983,5:552-554
111. Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit:a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/8/NT. Nucleic Acids Research,41,95-98.
112. Hassan M, Bonhomme F. No reduction in neutral variability of mitochondrial and nuclear genes for a Lessepsian migrant, Upeneus moluccensis. J Fish Biol,2005, 66(3):865-870
113. Hauton C, Hammond JA, Smith VJ. Real time PCR quantification of the in vitro effect of crustacean immunostimulants on gene expression in lobster Homarus gammarus granular haemocytes. Dev Comp Immunol,2005,29(1):33-42
114. Herborg LM, Weetman D, van Oosterhout C, Hanfling B. Genetic population structure and contemporary dispersal patterns of a recent European invader, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Mol Ecol,2007,16(2):231-242
115. Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janeway CA, Ezekowitz RAB. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science,1999,284(5418):1313-1318
116. Hubisz MJ, Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol Ecol Resour,2009,9(5): 1322-1332
117. Huey RB, Gilchrist GW, Carlson ML, Berrigan D, Serra L. Rapid evolution of a geographic cline in size in an introduced fly. Science,2000,287(5451):308-309
118. Huner JV. Procambarus in North America and elsewhere. In:Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management and Exploitation (eds Holdich, D. M., R. S. Lowery), Timber Press, Portland, Oregon,1988:239-261
119. Jeffrey L. Bore animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res,1999,27(8): 1767-1780
120. Jensen JL, Bohonak AJ, Kelley ST. Isolation by distance. BMC Genet,2005,6:13
121. Kanost MR. Serine proteinase inhibitors in arthropod immunity. Dev Comp Immunol, 1999,23(4-5):291-301
122. Keller SR, Taylor DR. History, chance and adaptation during biological invasion: separating stochastic phenotypic evolution from response to selection. Ecol Lett, 2008,11(8):852-866
123. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol,1980,16(2): 111-120
124. Ko CF, Chiou TT, Vaseeharan B, Lu JK, Chen JC. Cloning and characterisation of a prophenoloxidase from the haemocytes of mud crab Scylla serrata. Dev Comp Immunol,2007,31(1):12-22
125. Kolbe JJ, Glor RE, Schettino LR, Lara AC, Larson A, Losos JB. Genetic variation increases during the biological invasion by a Cuban lizard. Nature,2004,431(7005): 177-181
126. Kolbe JJ, Larson A, Losos JB. Differential admixture shapes morphological variation among invasive populations of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Mol Ecol,2007, 16(8):1579-1591
127. Krieg AM, Yi AK, Matson S, Waldschmidt TJ, Bishop GA, Teasdale R, Koretzky GA, Klinman DM. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature,1995,374(6522):546-549
128. Kumar R, Singh PJ, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Lakra WS. A non-invasive technique for rapid extraction of DNA from fish scales. Indian J Exp Biol,2007,45:992-997
129. Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M. MEGA2:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics,2001,17(12):1244-1245
130. Lan Y, Xu X, Yang F, Zhang X. Transcriptional profile of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genes with DNA microarray. Arch Virol,2006,151(9): 1723-1733
131. Larson ER, Olden JD. Using avater species to model the potential distribution of emerging invaders. Global Ecol Biogeogr,2012,21(11):1114-1125
132. Lavergne S, Molofsky J. Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,2007,104(10):3883-3888
133. Lee CE. Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends Ecol Evol,2002,17(8): 386-391
134. Lewis DL, Farr CL, Kaguni LS. Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial DNA: completion of the nucleotide sequence and evolutionary comparisons. Insect Mol Biol,1954,4(4):263-278
135. Li YH, Guo XW, Cao XJ, Deng W, Luo W, Wang WM. Population genetic structure and post-establishment dispersal patterns of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China. PLoS ONE,2012,7(7):e40652
136. Li YH, Wang WM, Liu XL, Luo W, Zhang J, Gul Y. DNA extraction from crayfish exoskeleton. Indian J Exp Biol,2011,49(12):953-957
137. Li YH, Zheng FL, Chen HQ, Wang HZ, Wang LQ, Xu DP. Cloning and sequence analysis of prophenoloxidase from haemocytes of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Agr Sci China,2009,8(3):369-379
138. Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5:A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics,2009,25(11):1451-1452
139. Liu CH, Tseng DY, Lai CY, Cheng W, Kuo CM. Molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase cDNA from haemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its transcription in relation with the moult stage. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2006,21(1):60-69
140. Liu FS, Liu YC, Li FH, Dong B, Xiang JH. Molecular cloning and expression profile of putative antilipopolysaccharide factor in Chinese shrimp (Fennerropenaeus chinensis). Mar Biotechnol,2005,7(6):600-608
141. Lo CF, Ho CH, Peng SE, Chen CH, Hsu HC, Chiu YL, Chang CF, Liu KF, Su MS, Wang CH, Kou GH. White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) detected in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Dis Aquat Organ,1996,27: 215-225
142. Lohse M, Drechsel O, Bock R. OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW)-a tool for the easy generation of high-quality custom graphical maps of plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Curr Genet,2007,52(5-6):267-274
143. Lu Z, Johnson WE, Menotti-Raymond M, Yuhki N, Martenson JS, Mainka S, Huang SQ, Zheng ZH, Li GH, Pan WS, Mao XR, O'Brien SJ. Patterns of genetic diversity in remaining giant panda populations. Conserv Biol,2001,15(6):1596-1607
144. Luan W, Li FH, Zhang JQ, Wang B, Xiang JH. Cloning and expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Mol Biol Rep,2009, 36(2):289-298
145. Ma RZ, Russ I, Park C, Heyen DW, Beever JE, Green CA, Lewin HA. Isolation and characterization of 45 polymorphic microsatellite from the bovine genome. Anim Genet,1996,27(1):43-47
146. Machida RJ, Miya MU, Nishida M, Nishida S. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Tigriopus japonicas (Crustacea:Copepoda). Mar Biotechnol,2002,4(4): 406-417
147. Manel S, Gaggiotti OE, Waples RS. Assignment methods:matching biological questions with appropriate techniques. Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20(3):136-142
148. Maria JC, Rebelo R. Colonization of freshwater habitats by an introduced crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in Southwest Iberian Peninsula. Hydrobiologia,2007,575(1): 191-201
149. Maron JL, Vila M, Bommarco R, Elmendorf S, Beardsley P. Rapid evolution of an invasive plant. Ecol Monogr,2004,74(2):261-280
150. Masta SE, Boor JL. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the spider Habronattus oregonensis reveals rearranged and extremely truncated tRNAs. Mol Biol Evol,2004,21(5):893-902
151. Mayr E. The nature of colonizations in birds. In:The genetics of colonizing species (eds Baker HG, Stebbins GL), Academic Press, London.1965:29-43
152. Michelmore RW, Paran I, Kesseli RV. Identification of markers linked to disease resistance gene by bulked segregant analysis:a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions using segregating populations. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 1991,88(21):9828-9832
153. Miller N, Estoup A, Toepfer S, Bourguet D, Lapchin L, Derridj S, Kim KS, Reynaud P, Furlan L, Guillemaud T. Multiple transatlantic introductions of the western corn rootworm. Science,2005,310(5750):992
154. Moum T, Arnason E. Genetic diversity and population history of two related seabird species based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Mol Ecol,2001, 10(10):2463-2478
155. Murrell B, Moola S, Mabona A, Weighill T, Sheward D, Pond SLK, Scheffler K. FUBAR:A Fast, unconstrained bayesian approximation for inferring selection. Mol Biol Evol,2013, doi:10.1093/molbev/mst030
156. Namita R, Thavasimuthu C, Rahul R, Vadivel M. Transcriptional and translational expression profile of a white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) gene in different organs of infected shrimp. Aquaculture,2005,245(1-4):31-38
157. Nei M, Kumar S. Molecular evolution and phylogenerics. Oxford University Press Inc. New York.2000:1-106
158. Nei M, Maruyama T, Chakraborty R. The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations. Evolution,1975,29(1):1-10
159. Peng SM, Shi ZH, Hou JL, Wang W, Zhao F, Zhang H. Genetic diversity of silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus) populations from the China Sea based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Biochem Syst Ecol,2009,37:626-632
160. Perazzolo LM, Barracco MA. The prohenoloxidase activating system of the shrimp Penaeus paulensis and associated factors. Dev Comp Immunol,1997,21(5):385-395
161. Pimentel D, McNair S, Janecka J, Wightman J, Simmonds C, O'Connell C, Wong E, Russel L, Zern J, Aquino T, Tsomondo T. Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2001,84(1):1-20
162. Pond SLK, Frost SDW. Datamonkey:rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments. Bioinformatics,2005a,21(10):2531-2533
163. Pond SLK, Posada D, Gravenor MB, Woelk CH, Frost SDW. Automated phylogenetic detection of recombination using a genetic algorithm. Mol Biol Evol, 2006,23(10):1891-1901
164. Pond SLK, Frost SDW. Not so different after all:A comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection. Mol Biol Evol,2005b,22(5):1208-1222
165. Pond SLK, Murrell B, Fourment M, Frost SDW, Delport W, Scheffler K. A random effects branch-site model for detecting episodic diversifying selection. Mol Biol Evol, 2011,28(11):3033-3043
166. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics,2000,155(2):945-959
167. Quan C, Turner C. Extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp waste using pressurized hot ethanol. Chromatographia,2009,70:247-251
168. Raymond M, Rousset F. GENEPOP (version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered,1995,86(3):248-249
169. Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. bold:The barcode of life data system (http://www.bareodinglife.org). Mol Ecol Notes,2007,7(3):355-364
170. Reznick DN, Ghalambor CK. The population ecology of contemporary adaptations: what empirical studies reveal about the conditions that promote adaptive evolution. Genetica,2001,112-113:183-198
171. Robin ED, Wong R. Mitochondrial DNA molecules and virtual number of mitochondria per cell in mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol,1998,136(3):507-513
172. Roman J, Darling JA. Paradox lost:genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions. Trends Ecol Evol,2007,22(9):454-464
173. Rousset F. Genepop'007:a complete reimplementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Resour,2008,8(1):103-106
174. Ruegg UT, Rudinger J. Reductive cleavage of cystine disulfides with tributylphosphine. Method Enzymol,1977,47:111-116
175. Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, Lodge DM, Molofsky J, With KA, Baughman S, Cabin RJ, Cohen JE, Ellstrand NC, McCauley DE, O'Neil P, Parker IM, Thompson JN, Weller SG. The population biology of invasive species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 2001,32:305-332
176. Sala OE, Chapin FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Elisabeth HS, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leemans R, Lodge DM, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, Poff NL, Sykes MT, Walker BH, Walker M, Wall DH. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science,2000,287(5459):1770-1774
177. Santos Y, Toranzo AE, Dopazo CP, Nieto TP, Barja JL. Relationships among virulence for fish, enterotoxigenicity, and phenotypic characteristics of motile Aeromonas. Aquaculture,1987,67(1-2):29-39
178. Sbisa E, Tanzariello F, Reyes A, Pesolec G, Saccone C. Mammalian mitochondrial D-loop region structure analysis:identification of new conserved sequences and their functional and evolutionary implifications. Gene,1997,205:125-140
179. Schlotterer C, Amos B, Tautz D. Conservation of polymorphic simple sequence loci in cetacean species. Nature,1991,354(6348):63-65
180. Shen YY, Shi P, Sun YB, Zhang YP. Relaxation of selective constraints on avian mitochondrial DNA following the degeneration of flight ability. Genome Res,2009, 19(10):1760-1765
181. Simberloff D. Nonindigenous species:a global threat to biodiversity and stability. In: Nature and Human Society:The Quest for a Sustainable World (ed. Raven PWT), National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia.2000:325-336
182. Sritunyalucksana K, Cerenius L, Soderhal K. Molecular cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Dev Comp Immunol,1999,23(3):179-186
183. Soderhall K, Cerenius L. Role of the prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol,1998,10(1):23-28
184. Soderhall K, Thornqvist. PO. Crustacean immunity-A short review. Dev Biol Stand, 1997,90:45-51
185. Sung HH, Huang YT, Hsiao LT. Phenoloxidase activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii after challenge with two pathogens:Aeromonas veronii and Lactococcus garvieae. Fish Pathol,2004,39(1):1-8
186. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Ne M, Kumar S. MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol,2011,28(10):2731-2739
187. Templeton AR, Crandall KA, Sing CF. A cladistic analysis of phenotipic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. Ⅲ. Cladogram estimation. Genetics,1992,132(2):619-633
188. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The Clustal X windows interface:flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25(24):4876-4882
189. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol,2011,28(10):2731-2739
190. Tsai JM, Wang HC, Leu JH, Hsiao HH, Wang AH, Kou GH, Lo CF. Genomic and proteomic analysis of thirty-nine structural proteins of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. J Virol,2004,78(20):11360-11370
191. Tsutsui ND, Suarez AV, Holway DA, Case TJ. Relationships among native and introduced populations of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humiile and the source of introduced populations. Mol Ecol,2001,10(9):2151-2161
192. Vellend M, Harmon LJ, Lockwood JL, Mayfield MM, Hughes AR, Wares JP, Sax DF. Effects of exotic species on evolutionary diversification. Trends Ecol Evol,2007, 22(9):481-488
193. Verheyen E, Salzburger W, Snoeks J, Meyer A. Origin of the superflock of cichlid fishes from lake Victoria, East Africa. Science,2003,300(5617):325-329
194. Wang S, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Molecular cloning and characterization of the translationally controlled tumor protein from Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Mol Biol Rep,2009,36(7):1683-1693
195. Wang YC, Chang PS, Chen HY. Tissue distribution of prophenoloxidase transcript in the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2006, 20(3):414-418
196. Waterhouse RM, Kriventseva EV, Meister S, Xi Z, Alvarez KS, Bartholomay LC, Barillas-Mury C, Bian G, Blandin S, Christensen BM, Dong Y, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Koutsos AC, Levashina EA, Li J, Ligoxygakis P, Maccallum RM, Mayhew GF, Mendes A, et al. Evolutionary dynamics of immune-related gene and pathways in disease-vector mosquitoes. Science,2007,316(5832):1738-1743
197. Weiner GJ, Liu HM, Wooldridge JE, Dahle CE, Krieg AM. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(20): 10833-10837
198. Wu WL, Wang L, Zhang XB. Identification of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope proteins involved in shrimp infection. Virology,2005,332(2):578-583
199. Xu Y, Gallert C, Winter J, Chitin purification from shrimp wastes by microbial deproteination and decalcification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2008,79(4):687-697
200. Yang ZH, Nielsen R. Estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates urealistic evolutionary models. Mol Biol Evol,2000,17(1):32-43
201. Yang ZH, Swanson WJ. Codon-substitution models to detect adaptive evolution account for heterogeneous selective pressures among site classes. Mol Biol Evol, 2002,19(1):49-57
202. Yang ZH, Wong WSW, Nielsen R. Bayes empirical bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection. Mol Biol Evol,2005,22(4):1107-1118
203. Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle T. POPGENE version 1.31, Microsoft window-bases freeware for population genetic analysis, University of Alberta and the Centre for International Forestry Research, http://www.ualberta.ca/～fyeh/.1999
204. Yoshida-Yamamoto S, Nishimura S, Okuno T, Rakuman M, Takii Y. Efficient DNA Extraction from Nail Clippings Using the Protease Solution from Cucumis melo. Mol Biotechnol,2010,46(1):41-48
205. Yu ZT, Mohn WW. Killing two birds with one stone:simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from activated sludge biomass. Can J Microbiol,1999,45(3): 269-272
206. Yue GH, Wang GL, Zhu BQ, Wang CM, Zhu ZY, Lo LC. Discovery of four natural clones in a crayfish species Procambarus clarkii. IntJBiol Sci,2008,4 (5):279-282
207. Yue GH, Li JL, Bai ZY, Wang CM, Feng F. Genetic diversity and population structure of the invasive alien red swamp crayfish. Biol Invasions,2010,12(8): 2697-2706
208. Zhan AB, Darling JA, Bock DG, Lacoursiere-Roussel A, MacIsaac HJ, Cristescu ME. Complex genetic patterns in closely related colonizing invasive species. Ecol Evol, 2012,2(7):1331-1346
209. Zhan AB, Macisaac HJ, Cristescu ME. Invasion genetics of the Ciona intestinalis species complex:from regional endemism to global homogeneity. Mol Ecol,2010, 19(21):4678-4694
210. Zhan AB, Perepelizin PV, Ghabooli S, Paolucci E, Sylvester F, Sardina P, Cristescu ME, Maclsaac HJ. Scale-dependent post-establishment spread and genetic diversity in an invading mollusk in South America. Biodiversity and Distributions,2012, 18(10):1042-1055
211. Zhan XJ, Zhang ZJ, Wu H, Goossens B, Li M, Jiang SW, Bruford MW, Wei FW. Molecular analysis of dispersal in giant pandas. Mol Ecol,2007,16(18):3792-3800
212. Zhu D, Jamieson BG, Hugall A, Moritz C. Sequence evolution and phylogenetic signal in control region and cytochrome b sequences of rainbow fishes (Melanotaeniidae). Mol Biol Evol,1994,11(4):672-683
213. Zhu ZY, Yue GH. Eleven polymorphic microsatellites isolated from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Mol Ecol Resour,2008,8(4):796-798
2.曹玲亮,周立志,张保卫.安徽三大水系入侵物种克氏原螯虾的群体遗传格局.生物多样性,2010,18(4)：398-407
3.桂富荣,郭建英,万方浩.ISSR分子标记在入侵植物研究中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,18：919-923
4.洪晓武,张亚平,储以微,高海峰,蒋正刚,熊思东.人猿超科和旧大陆猴7种高等灵长类FKN全基因序列的测定及进化分析.遗传,2008,30(5)：595-601
5.胡婧,刘念,黄原.节肢动物线粒体基因组研究进展与基因顺序分析,昆虫分类学报,2006,28(2)：153-160
6.黄伟.外来生物入侵途径与控制分析.中国科技信息,2008,12：196,199
7.黄勇富,张亚平,邱祥聘,曾凡同,肖永祚.猪线粒体DNA多态性与中国地方猪种起源分化的关系.遗传学报,1998,25(4)：322-329
8.江舒,庞璐,黄成.外来种克氏原螯虾的危害及其防治.生物学通报,2007,42(5)：15-16
9.李成华,李太武,宋林生.微卫星DNA技术及其应用的探讨.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(4)：352-355
10.李春艳,丁君,常亚青,孙效文.虾夷扇贝微卫星标记的分离及其养殖群体的遗传结构分析.中国水产科学,2009,16(1)：39-46
11.李光友.中国对虾疾病与免疫机制.海洋科学,1995,4：1-3
12.李健,刘萍,王清印,李朝霞,孙昭宁,何玉英.中国对虾遗传连锁图谱的构建.水产学报,2008,32(2)：161-173
13.李家乐,董志国,李应森,王成辉.中国外来水生动植物.上海：上海科技出版社,2007：1-178
14.李林春,段鸿斌.克氏螫虾(龙虾)生物学特性研究.安徽农业科学,2005,33(6)：1058-1059
15.李顺才,徐兴友,杜利强,尹秀玲,孟宪东,解敬瑶.中国养殖业中的外来物种入侵现象调查分析.中国农学通报,2005,21(6)：156-159
16.李艳和.克氏螯虾酚氧化酶原全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析.[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽农业大学,2007
17.李艳和,王永杰,杨克礼,陈宇,佘磊.克氏原螯虾酚氧化酶原mRNA组织分布特性研究.安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(3)：146-150
18.李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京：中国林业出版社,2002：1-211
19.梁宏伟,邹桂伟,罗相忠,王长忠,呼光富,李忠.3种中国鲤]mtDNA D-Loop序列的多态性与系统进化研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3)：55-60
20.刘博.中国对虾“黄海1号”遗传连锁图谱构建及生长相关QTL定位.[博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学,2009
21.刘焕章.鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构与进化：以鳑鲏鱼类为例.自然科学进展,2002,12(3)：266-70
22.刘其根,李应森,陈蓝荪.克氏原螯虾的生物学.水产科技情报,2008,35(1)：21-23
23.刘炜.克氏原螯虾肌肉肌苷酸含量及遗传多样性研究.[硕士学位论文].扬州：扬州大学,2008
24.萨姆布鲁克,黄培堂译.《分子克隆实验手册》第三版.北京：科学出版社,2002：59-60
25.孙杰,王宝杰,李晓华,孙姝娟,刘梅,蒋克勇,王雷.中国明对虾酚氧化酶原基因cDNA的克隆与表达特征.水产学报,2010,34(1)：56-66
26.孙铮.昆虫基因组密码子使用及进化分析.[博士学位论文].泰安：山东农业大学,2009
27.舒新亚.克氏原螯虾产业发展及存在的问题.中国水产,2010,8：22-25
28.唐文乔,胡雪莲,杨金权.从线粒体控制区全序列变异看短颌鲚和湖鲚的物种有效性.生物多样性,2007,15(3)：224-231
29.童馨,龚世园,喻达辉,黄桂菊,杜博,李色东.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)不同世代养殖群体的遗传多样性分析.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2)：214-220
30.魏青山.关于河(螯)虾类名称的商榷.动物学杂志,1989,24(6)：50-51
31.王长忠,李忠,梁宏伟,呼光富,吴勤超,邹桂伟,罗相忠.长江下游地区4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性分析.生物多样性,2009,17(5)：518-523
32.王芳.防治外来物种入侵立法研究.[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学,2006
33.王慧慧,董彦岭,苏昕,李振兴.我国克氏原螯虾的进出口贸易实证分析与研究.中国渔业经济,2012,30(1)：165-169
34.王雷,李光友.甲壳动物的体液免疫研究进展.海洋科学,1992,3：18-19.
35.王卫民.软壳克氏原螯虾在我国开发利用的前景.水生生物学报,1999,23(4)：375-381
36.王蕊.克氏原螯虾的营养保健功能及相关食品的研究与开发.水产科技情报,2008,35(1)：24-27
37.王巍,朱华,胡红霞.4种鲟鱼养殖亲鱼群体遗传多样性分析.动物学杂志,2012,47(1)：105-111
38.夏爱军,唐建清.克氏原螯虾现状与研究思路.水产养殖,2006,27：9-11
39.吴剑波,周运和,王存国.酚氧化酶与虾蟹的免疫机制.中国水产,2003,11：83-84
40.熊春蓉,陈琳,孙海波,孙艳,张东辉,马磊,朱昌亮.淡色库蚊抗药性相关基因酚氧化酶基因cDNA克隆与分析.中华卫生杀虫药械,2009,15(2)：97-99
41.徐海根,王健民,强胜,王长永. 《生物多样性公约》热点研究：外来物种入侵、生物安全、遗传资源.北京：科学出版社,2004：10-50
42.徐鹏,周岭华,相建海.中国对虾微卫星DNA的筛选.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(3)：255-259
43.姚润丰.400余种外来生物入侵我国.草业科学,2005,22(1)：51
44.张吉清,赵宗胜,李大全,徐杰.微卫星标记及其在牛遗传育种中的应用.黄牛杂志,2001,27(3)：1-5
45.张天时,刘萍,李健,孔杰,王清印.用微卫星DNA技术对中国对虾人工选育群体遗传多样性的研究.水产学报,2005,29(1)：6-12
46.张文娟.基于密码子水平的生物信息学分析及进化研究.[博士学位论文].上海：复旦大学,2006
47.张亚平,Ryder OA,范志勇,张和明,何廷美,何光听,张安居,费立松,钟 顺隆,陈红,张成林,杨明海,朱飞兵,彭真信,普天春,陈玉村,姚敏达,郭伟.大熊猫DNA序列变异及其遗传多样性研究.中国科学,1997,27(2)：139-144
48.褚栋,张友军,万方浩.分子标记技术在入侵生态学研究中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,18(6)：1383-1387
49. Adao H, Marques JC. Population biology of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard 1852) in southern Portugal. Crustaceana,1993,65(3):336-345
50. Ai HS, Huang YC, Li SD Weng SP, Yu XQ, He JG Characterization of a prophenoloxidase from hemocytes of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that is down-regulated by white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2008,25(1-2): 28-39
51. Allendorf FW, Lundquist LL. Introduction:population biology, evolution, and control of invasive species. Conserv Biol,2003,17(1):24-30
52. Alex ED, Karlene G, Christopher E. Precipitation of RNA impurities with high salt in a plasmid DNA purification process:Use of experimental design to determine reaction conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng,2003,83 (5):544-553
53. Amos B, Schlotterer C, Tautz D. Social structure of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling. Science,1993,260:670-672
54. Amparyup P, Charoensapsri W, Tassanakajon A. Two prophenoloxidases are important for the survival of Vibrioharveyi challenged shrimp Penaeus monodon. Dev Comp Immunol,2009,33(2):247-256
55. Amsellem L, Noyer JL, Le Bourgeois T, Hossaert-McKey M. Comparison of genetic diversity of the invasive weed Rubus alceifolius Poir. (Rosaceae) in its native range and in areas of introduction, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Mol Ecol,2000,9(4):443-455
56. Anastacio PM, Parente VS, Correia AM. Crayfish effects on seeds and seedlings: identification and quantification of damage. Freshwater Biol,2005,50(4):697-704
57. Aranishi F. Single fish egg DNA extraction for PCR amplification. Conserv Genet, 2006,7 (1):153-156
58. Arrignon JC, Ge'rard P, Krier A, Laurent PJ. The situation in Belgium, France and Luxembourg. In:Crayfish in Europe as Alien Species. How to Make the Best of a Bad Situation? (eds Gherardi, F., D. M. Holdich), A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.1999, pp 129-140.
59. Ashida M, Yamazaki H. Biochemistry of the phenoloxidase system in insects:with special reference to its activation.//Molting and metamorphosis. Ohnishi E, Ishizaki H (eds). Berlin:Springer Verlag,1990:239-265
60. Atmadja DS, Tatsuno Y, Ueno Y, Nishimura A. The effect of extraction methods, the kind of organs samples and the examination delay on the yields and typing. Kobe J Med Sci,1995,41(6):197-211
61. Barbaresi S, Fani R, Gherardi F, Mengoni A, Souty-Grosset C. Genetic variability of European populations of an invasive American crayfish:preliminary results. Biol Invasions,2003,5(3):269-274
62. Barbaresi S, Gherardi F, Mengoni A, Souty-Grosst C. Genetics and invasion biology in fresh waters:a pilot study of Procambarus clarkii in Europe. Biological invaders in inland waters:Profile, distribution and threats. Springer,2007
63. Belfiore NM, May B. Variable microsatellite loci in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and their characterization in other crayfish taxa. Mol Ecol, 2000,9(12):2231-2234
64. Bi KR, Gu W, Wang W. Sensitive and rapid detection of freshwater crustacean Spiroplasmas by ISRs-sequence-targeted species-specific primers. Eur Food Res Technol,2008,227(6):1733-1737
65. Biase FH, Franco MM, Goulart LR, Antunes RC. Protocol for extraction of genomic DNA from swine solid tissues. Genet Mol Biol,2002,25(3):313-315
66. Boissin E, Hurley B, Wingfield MJ, Vasaitis R, Stenlid J, Davis C, de Groot P, Ahumada R, Carnegie A, Goldarazena A, Klasmer P, Wermelinger B, Slippers B. Retracing the routes of introduction of invasive species:the case of the Sir ex noctilio woodwasp. Mol Ecol,2012,21(23):5728-5744
67. Bostein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW. Construction of genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length Polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet,1980,32(3): 314-331
68. Bowen BW, Grant WS. Phylogeography of the sardines (Sardinops spp.):assessing biogeographic models and population histories in temperate upwelling zones. Evolution,1997,51(5):1601-1610
69. Bowen BW, Muss A, Rocha LA, Grant WS. Shallow mtDNA coalescence in Atlantic pygmy angelfishes (genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean. JHered,2006,97(1):1-12
70. Boyce TM, Zwick ME, Aquadro CF. Mitochondrial DNA in the bark weerils:Size, structure and heteroplasmy. Genetics,1989,123:825-836
71. Boyce TM, Zwick ME, Aquadro CF. Mitochondrial DNA in the bark weerils: phylogeny and evolution in the Pissodes strobi species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Mol Biol Evol,1994,11(2):183-194
72. Brown WM. Polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA of Humans as revealed by restriction endonucleas analysis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1980,77(6):3605-3609
73. Brown WM. Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. In:Evolution of genes and protein, Nei, M.&R. K. Koehn eds., Sunderland,1983:62-88
74. Castelloe JT, Templeton AR. Root probabilities for intraspecific gene trees under neutral coalescent theory. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol,1994,3,102-113.
75. Cavelier L, Johannisson A, Gyllensten U. Analysis of mtDNA copy number and composition of single mitochondrial particles using flow cytometry and PCR. Exp Cell Res,2000,259(1):79-85
76. Cerenius L, Soderhal K. The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates. Immunol Rev,2004,198:116-126
77. Chang PS, Chen HC, Wang YC. Detection of white spot syndrome associated baculovirus in experimentally infected wild shrimp, crab and lobsters by in situ hybridization. Aquaculture,1998,164(1-4):233-242
78. Chu RS, Targoni OS, Krieg AM, Lehmann PV, Harding CV. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity. J Exp Med,1997,186(10):1623-1631
79. Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA. TCS:a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol,2000,9(10):1657-1659
80. Cornuet JM, Santos F, Beaumont MA, Robert CP, Marin JM, Balding DJ, Guillemaud T, Estoup A. Inferring population history with DIYABC:a user-friendly approach to approximate bayesian computation. Bioinformatics,2008,24(23):2713-2719
81. Cornuet JM, Ravigne V, Estoup A. Inference on population history and model checking using DNA sequence and microsatellite data with the software DIYABC (v1.0). BMC Bioinformatics,2010,11:401
82. Crandall KA, Lawler SH, Austin CM. A preliminary examination of the molecular phylogenetic relationships of some crayfish genera from Australia (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Freshwater Crayfish,1995,10:18-30
83. Darling JA, Bagley MJ, Roman J, Tepolt CK, Geller JB. Genetic patterns across multiple introductions of the globally invasive crab genus Carcinus. Mol Ecol,2008, 17(23):4992-5007
84. Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D. jModelTest 2:more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat Methods,2012,9(8):772.
85. Day JJ, Santini S, Garcia-Moreno J. Phylogenetic relationships of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini:The story from mitochondrial DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol,2007,45(2):629-642
86. Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Loew D, A. Van Dorsselaer, Rodriguez J, Bachere E. Penaedins, new family antimicrobial peptides isolated from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Decapoda). J Biol Chem,1997,272:28398-28406
87. Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Invading populations of an ornamental shrub show rapid life history evolution despite genetic bottlenecks. Ecol Lett,2008a,11(7):701-709
88. Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Founding events in species invasions:genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Mol Ecol,2008b,17(1): 431-449
89. Eguchi T, Eguchi Y. High yield DNA extraction from the snake cast-off skin or bird feathers using collagenase. Biotechnol Lett,2000,22(13):1097-1100
90. Elkins KL, Rhinehart-Jones TR, Stibitz S, Conover JS, Klinman DM. Bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs stimulates lymphocyte-dependent protection of mice against lethal infection with intracellular bacteria. J Immunol,1999,162(4):2291-2298
91. Ellegren H. DNA typing of museum birds. Nature,1991,354(6349):113
92. Emerson BC. Evolution on oceanic islands:molecular phylogenetie approaches to understanding patten and process. Mol Ecol,2002,11(6):951-966
93. Estoup A, Guillemaud T. Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data:why, how and so what? Mol Ecol,2010,19(19):4113-4130
94. Estoup A, Jame P, Comuet J M. Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis. Mol Ecol,2002,11(9): 1591-1604
95. Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE:a simulation study. Mol Ecol,2005,14(8):2611-2620
96. Everett RA. Patterns and pathways of biological invasions. Trends Ecol Evol,2000, 15(5):177-178
97. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S. Arlequin ver.3.0:An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online,2005,1: 47-50
98. Facon B, Pointier JP, Glaubrecht M, Poux C, Jarne P, David P. A molecular phylogeography approach to biological invasions of the New World by parthenogenetic Thiarid snails. Mol Ecol,2003,12(11):3027-3039
99. Fitzpatrick DA, Creevey CJ, McInerney JO. Evidence of positive darwinian selection in putative Meningococcal vaccine antigens. J Mol Evol,2005,61(1):90-98
100. Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijehoek R. DNA primers for amplication of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1994,3(5):304-313
101. Fredrik Ronquist, John P. Huelsenbeck. MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics,2003,19(12):1572-1574
102. Friar EA, Ladoux TA, Roalson EH, Robichaux RH. Microsatellite analysis of a population crash and bottleneck in the Mauna Kea silverword, Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. Sandwicense (Asteraceae), and its implications for reintroduction. Mol Ecol,2000,9(12):2027-2034
103. Gai YC, Zhao JM, Song LS, Li CH, Zheng PL, Qiu LM, Ni DJ. A prophenoloxidase from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis:gene cloning, expression and activity analysis. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2008,24(2):156-167
104. Gann RL. DNA and human origin. Ann Rev Anthropol,1998,17:127-143
105. Gao HW, Li FH, Dong B, Zhang QL, Xiang JH. Molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) cDNA from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its transcription injected by Vibrio anguillarum. Mol Biol Rep,2009, 36(5):1159-1166
106. Geiger W, Alcorlo P, Baltanas A, Montes C. Impact of an introduced crustacean on the trophic webs of Mediterranean wetlands. Biol Invasions,2005,7(1):49-73
107. Georgiadis N, Bishof L, Templeton A, Patton J, Karesh W, Western D. Structure and history of African elephant populations:Ⅰ. Eastern and Southern Africa. J Hered, 1994,85(2):100-104
108. Guillemaud T, Beaumont MA, Ciosi M, Cornuet JM, Estoup A. Inferring introduction routes of invasive species using Approximate Bayesian Computation on microsatellite data. Heredity,2010,104(1):88-99
109. Guindon S, Delsuc F, Dufayard JF, Gascuel O. Estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML. Methods Mol Biol,2009,537:113-137
110. Habsburgo-Lorena AS. Socioeconomic aspects of the crawfish industry in Spain. Freshwater Crayfish,1983,5:552-554
111. Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit:a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/8/NT. Nucleic Acids Research,41,95-98.
112. Hassan M, Bonhomme F. No reduction in neutral variability of mitochondrial and nuclear genes for a Lessepsian migrant, Upeneus moluccensis. J Fish Biol,2005, 66(3):865-870
113. Hauton C, Hammond JA, Smith VJ. Real time PCR quantification of the in vitro effect of crustacean immunostimulants on gene expression in lobster Homarus gammarus granular haemocytes. Dev Comp Immunol,2005,29(1):33-42
114. Herborg LM, Weetman D, van Oosterhout C, Hanfling B. Genetic population structure and contemporary dispersal patterns of a recent European invader, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Mol Ecol,2007,16(2):231-242
115. Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janeway CA, Ezekowitz RAB. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science,1999,284(5418):1313-1318
116. Hubisz MJ, Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol Ecol Resour,2009,9(5): 1322-1332
117. Huey RB, Gilchrist GW, Carlson ML, Berrigan D, Serra L. Rapid evolution of a geographic cline in size in an introduced fly. Science,2000,287(5451):308-309
118. Huner JV. Procambarus in North America and elsewhere. In:Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management and Exploitation (eds Holdich, D. M., R. S. Lowery), Timber Press, Portland, Oregon,1988:239-261
119. Jeffrey L. Bore animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res,1999,27(8): 1767-1780
120. Jensen JL, Bohonak AJ, Kelley ST. Isolation by distance. BMC Genet,2005,6:13
121. Kanost MR. Serine proteinase inhibitors in arthropod immunity. Dev Comp Immunol, 1999,23(4-5):291-301
122. Keller SR, Taylor DR. History, chance and adaptation during biological invasion: separating stochastic phenotypic evolution from response to selection. Ecol Lett, 2008,11(8):852-866
123. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol,1980,16(2): 111-120
124. Ko CF, Chiou TT, Vaseeharan B, Lu JK, Chen JC. Cloning and characterisation of a prophenoloxidase from the haemocytes of mud crab Scylla serrata. Dev Comp Immunol,2007,31(1):12-22
125. Kolbe JJ, Glor RE, Schettino LR, Lara AC, Larson A, Losos JB. Genetic variation increases during the biological invasion by a Cuban lizard. Nature,2004,431(7005): 177-181
126. Kolbe JJ, Larson A, Losos JB. Differential admixture shapes morphological variation among invasive populations of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Mol Ecol,2007, 16(8):1579-1591
127. Krieg AM, Yi AK, Matson S, Waldschmidt TJ, Bishop GA, Teasdale R, Koretzky GA, Klinman DM. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature,1995,374(6522):546-549
128. Kumar R, Singh PJ, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Lakra WS. A non-invasive technique for rapid extraction of DNA from fish scales. Indian J Exp Biol,2007,45:992-997
129. Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M. MEGA2:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics,2001,17(12):1244-1245
130. Lan Y, Xu X, Yang F, Zhang X. Transcriptional profile of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genes with DNA microarray. Arch Virol,2006,151(9): 1723-1733
131. Larson ER, Olden JD. Using avater species to model the potential distribution of emerging invaders. Global Ecol Biogeogr,2012,21(11):1114-1125
132. Lavergne S, Molofsky J. Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,2007,104(10):3883-3888
133. Lee CE. Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends Ecol Evol,2002,17(8): 386-391
134. Lewis DL, Farr CL, Kaguni LS. Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial DNA: completion of the nucleotide sequence and evolutionary comparisons. Insect Mol Biol,1954,4(4):263-278
135. Li YH, Guo XW, Cao XJ, Deng W, Luo W, Wang WM. Population genetic structure and post-establishment dispersal patterns of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China. PLoS ONE,2012,7(7):e40652
136. Li YH, Wang WM, Liu XL, Luo W, Zhang J, Gul Y. DNA extraction from crayfish exoskeleton. Indian J Exp Biol,2011,49(12):953-957
137. Li YH, Zheng FL, Chen HQ, Wang HZ, Wang LQ, Xu DP. Cloning and sequence analysis of prophenoloxidase from haemocytes of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Agr Sci China,2009,8(3):369-379
138. Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5:A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics,2009,25(11):1451-1452
139. Liu CH, Tseng DY, Lai CY, Cheng W, Kuo CM. Molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase cDNA from haemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its transcription in relation with the moult stage. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2006,21(1):60-69
140. Liu FS, Liu YC, Li FH, Dong B, Xiang JH. Molecular cloning and expression profile of putative antilipopolysaccharide factor in Chinese shrimp (Fennerropenaeus chinensis). Mar Biotechnol,2005,7(6):600-608
141. Lo CF, Ho CH, Peng SE, Chen CH, Hsu HC, Chiu YL, Chang CF, Liu KF, Su MS, Wang CH, Kou GH. White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) detected in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Dis Aquat Organ,1996,27: 215-225
142. Lohse M, Drechsel O, Bock R. OrganellarGenomeDRAW (OGDRAW)-a tool for the easy generation of high-quality custom graphical maps of plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Curr Genet,2007,52(5-6):267-274
143. Lu Z, Johnson WE, Menotti-Raymond M, Yuhki N, Martenson JS, Mainka S, Huang SQ, Zheng ZH, Li GH, Pan WS, Mao XR, O'Brien SJ. Patterns of genetic diversity in remaining giant panda populations. Conserv Biol,2001,15(6):1596-1607
144. Luan W, Li FH, Zhang JQ, Wang B, Xiang JH. Cloning and expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Mol Biol Rep,2009, 36(2):289-298
145. Ma RZ, Russ I, Park C, Heyen DW, Beever JE, Green CA, Lewin HA. Isolation and characterization of 45 polymorphic microsatellite from the bovine genome. Anim Genet,1996,27(1):43-47
146. Machida RJ, Miya MU, Nishida M, Nishida S. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Tigriopus japonicas (Crustacea:Copepoda). Mar Biotechnol,2002,4(4): 406-417
147. Manel S, Gaggiotti OE, Waples RS. Assignment methods:matching biological questions with appropriate techniques. Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20(3):136-142
148. Maria JC, Rebelo R. Colonization of freshwater habitats by an introduced crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in Southwest Iberian Peninsula. Hydrobiologia,2007,575(1): 191-201
149. Maron JL, Vila M, Bommarco R, Elmendorf S, Beardsley P. Rapid evolution of an invasive plant. Ecol Monogr,2004,74(2):261-280
150. Masta SE, Boor JL. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the spider Habronattus oregonensis reveals rearranged and extremely truncated tRNAs. Mol Biol Evol,2004,21(5):893-902
151. Mayr E. The nature of colonizations in birds. In:The genetics of colonizing species (eds Baker HG, Stebbins GL), Academic Press, London.1965:29-43
152. Michelmore RW, Paran I, Kesseli RV. Identification of markers linked to disease resistance gene by bulked segregant analysis:a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions using segregating populations. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 1991,88(21):9828-9832
153. Miller N, Estoup A, Toepfer S, Bourguet D, Lapchin L, Derridj S, Kim KS, Reynaud P, Furlan L, Guillemaud T. Multiple transatlantic introductions of the western corn rootworm. Science,2005,310(5750):992
154. Moum T, Arnason E. Genetic diversity and population history of two related seabird species based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Mol Ecol,2001, 10(10):2463-2478
155. Murrell B, Moola S, Mabona A, Weighill T, Sheward D, Pond SLK, Scheffler K. FUBAR:A Fast, unconstrained bayesian approximation for inferring selection. Mol Biol Evol,2013, doi:10.1093/molbev/mst030
156. Namita R, Thavasimuthu C, Rahul R, Vadivel M. Transcriptional and translational expression profile of a white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) gene in different organs of infected shrimp. Aquaculture,2005,245(1-4):31-38
157. Nei M, Kumar S. Molecular evolution and phylogenerics. Oxford University Press Inc. New York.2000:1-106
158. Nei M, Maruyama T, Chakraborty R. The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations. Evolution,1975,29(1):1-10
159. Peng SM, Shi ZH, Hou JL, Wang W, Zhao F, Zhang H. Genetic diversity of silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus) populations from the China Sea based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Biochem Syst Ecol,2009,37:626-632
160. Perazzolo LM, Barracco MA. The prohenoloxidase activating system of the shrimp Penaeus paulensis and associated factors. Dev Comp Immunol,1997,21(5):385-395
161. Pimentel D, McNair S, Janecka J, Wightman J, Simmonds C, O'Connell C, Wong E, Russel L, Zern J, Aquino T, Tsomondo T. Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2001,84(1):1-20
162. Pond SLK, Frost SDW. Datamonkey:rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments. Bioinformatics,2005a,21(10):2531-2533
163. Pond SLK, Posada D, Gravenor MB, Woelk CH, Frost SDW. Automated phylogenetic detection of recombination using a genetic algorithm. Mol Biol Evol, 2006,23(10):1891-1901
164. Pond SLK, Frost SDW. Not so different after all:A comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection. Mol Biol Evol,2005b,22(5):1208-1222
165. Pond SLK, Murrell B, Fourment M, Frost SDW, Delport W, Scheffler K. A random effects branch-site model for detecting episodic diversifying selection. Mol Biol Evol, 2011,28(11):3033-3043
166. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics,2000,155(2):945-959
167. Quan C, Turner C. Extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp waste using pressurized hot ethanol. Chromatographia,2009,70:247-251
168. Raymond M, Rousset F. GENEPOP (version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered,1995,86(3):248-249
169. Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. bold:The barcode of life data system (http://www.bareodinglife.org). Mol Ecol Notes,2007,7(3):355-364
170. Reznick DN, Ghalambor CK. The population ecology of contemporary adaptations: what empirical studies reveal about the conditions that promote adaptive evolution. Genetica,2001,112-113:183-198
171. Robin ED, Wong R. Mitochondrial DNA molecules and virtual number of mitochondria per cell in mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol,1998,136(3):507-513
172. Roman J, Darling JA. Paradox lost:genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions. Trends Ecol Evol,2007,22(9):454-464
173. Rousset F. Genepop'007:a complete reimplementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Resour,2008,8(1):103-106
174. Ruegg UT, Rudinger J. Reductive cleavage of cystine disulfides with tributylphosphine. Method Enzymol,1977,47:111-116
175. Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, Lodge DM, Molofsky J, With KA, Baughman S, Cabin RJ, Cohen JE, Ellstrand NC, McCauley DE, O'Neil P, Parker IM, Thompson JN, Weller SG. The population biology of invasive species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 2001,32:305-332
176. Sala OE, Chapin FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Elisabeth HS, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leemans R, Lodge DM, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, Poff NL, Sykes MT, Walker BH, Walker M, Wall DH. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science,2000,287(5459):1770-1774
177. Santos Y, Toranzo AE, Dopazo CP, Nieto TP, Barja JL. Relationships among virulence for fish, enterotoxigenicity, and phenotypic characteristics of motile Aeromonas. Aquaculture,1987,67(1-2):29-39
178. Sbisa E, Tanzariello F, Reyes A, Pesolec G, Saccone C. Mammalian mitochondrial D-loop region structure analysis:identification of new conserved sequences and their functional and evolutionary implifications. Gene,1997,205:125-140
179. Schlotterer C, Amos B, Tautz D. Conservation of polymorphic simple sequence loci in cetacean species. Nature,1991,354(6348):63-65
180. Shen YY, Shi P, Sun YB, Zhang YP. Relaxation of selective constraints on avian mitochondrial DNA following the degeneration of flight ability. Genome Res,2009, 19(10):1760-1765
181. Simberloff D. Nonindigenous species:a global threat to biodiversity and stability. In: Nature and Human Society:The Quest for a Sustainable World (ed. Raven PWT), National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia.2000:325-336
182. Sritunyalucksana K, Cerenius L, Soderhal K. Molecular cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Dev Comp Immunol,1999,23(3):179-186
183. Soderhall K, Cerenius L. Role of the prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol,1998,10(1):23-28
184. Soderhall K, Thornqvist. PO. Crustacean immunity-A short review. Dev Biol Stand, 1997,90:45-51
185. Sung HH, Huang YT, Hsiao LT. Phenoloxidase activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii after challenge with two pathogens:Aeromonas veronii and Lactococcus garvieae. Fish Pathol,2004,39(1):1-8
186. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Ne M, Kumar S. MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol,2011,28(10):2731-2739
187. Templeton AR, Crandall KA, Sing CF. A cladistic analysis of phenotipic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. Ⅲ. Cladogram estimation. Genetics,1992,132(2):619-633
188. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The Clustal X windows interface:flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25(24):4876-4882
189. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol,2011,28(10):2731-2739
190. Tsai JM, Wang HC, Leu JH, Hsiao HH, Wang AH, Kou GH, Lo CF. Genomic and proteomic analysis of thirty-nine structural proteins of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. J Virol,2004,78(20):11360-11370
191. Tsutsui ND, Suarez AV, Holway DA, Case TJ. Relationships among native and introduced populations of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humiile and the source of introduced populations. Mol Ecol,2001,10(9):2151-2161
192. Vellend M, Harmon LJ, Lockwood JL, Mayfield MM, Hughes AR, Wares JP, Sax DF. Effects of exotic species on evolutionary diversification. Trends Ecol Evol,2007, 22(9):481-488
193. Verheyen E, Salzburger W, Snoeks J, Meyer A. Origin of the superflock of cichlid fishes from lake Victoria, East Africa. Science,2003,300(5617):325-329
194. Wang S, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Molecular cloning and characterization of the translationally controlled tumor protein from Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Mol Biol Rep,2009,36(7):1683-1693
195. Wang YC, Chang PS, Chen HY. Tissue distribution of prophenoloxidase transcript in the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol,2006, 20(3):414-418
196. Waterhouse RM, Kriventseva EV, Meister S, Xi Z, Alvarez KS, Bartholomay LC, Barillas-Mury C, Bian G, Blandin S, Christensen BM, Dong Y, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Koutsos AC, Levashina EA, Li J, Ligoxygakis P, Maccallum RM, Mayhew GF, Mendes A, et al. Evolutionary dynamics of immune-related gene and pathways in disease-vector mosquitoes. Science,2007,316(5832):1738-1743
197. Weiner GJ, Liu HM, Wooldridge JE, Dahle CE, Krieg AM. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(20): 10833-10837
198. Wu WL, Wang L, Zhang XB. Identification of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope proteins involved in shrimp infection. Virology,2005,332(2):578-583
199. Xu Y, Gallert C, Winter J, Chitin purification from shrimp wastes by microbial deproteination and decalcification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2008,79(4):687-697
200. Yang ZH, Nielsen R. Estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates urealistic evolutionary models. Mol Biol Evol,2000,17(1):32-43
201. Yang ZH, Swanson WJ. Codon-substitution models to detect adaptive evolution account for heterogeneous selective pressures among site classes. Mol Biol Evol, 2002,19(1):49-57
202. Yang ZH, Wong WSW, Nielsen R. Bayes empirical bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection. Mol Biol Evol,2005,22(4):1107-1118
203. Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle T. POPGENE version 1.31, Microsoft window-bases freeware for population genetic analysis, University of Alberta and the Centre for International Forestry Research, http://www.ualberta.ca/～fyeh/.1999
204. Yoshida-Yamamoto S, Nishimura S, Okuno T, Rakuman M, Takii Y. Efficient DNA Extraction from Nail Clippings Using the Protease Solution from Cucumis melo. Mol Biotechnol,2010,46(1):41-48
205. Yu ZT, Mohn WW. Killing two birds with one stone:simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from activated sludge biomass. Can J Microbiol,1999,45(3): 269-272
206. Yue GH, Wang GL, Zhu BQ, Wang CM, Zhu ZY, Lo LC. Discovery of four natural clones in a crayfish species Procambarus clarkii. IntJBiol Sci,2008,4 (5):279-282
207. Yue GH, Li JL, Bai ZY, Wang CM, Feng F. Genetic diversity and population structure of the invasive alien red swamp crayfish. Biol Invasions,2010,12(8): 2697-2706
208. Zhan AB, Darling JA, Bock DG, Lacoursiere-Roussel A, MacIsaac HJ, Cristescu ME. Complex genetic patterns in closely related colonizing invasive species. Ecol Evol, 2012,2(7):1331-1346
209. Zhan AB, Macisaac HJ, Cristescu ME. Invasion genetics of the Ciona intestinalis species complex:from regional endemism to global homogeneity. Mol Ecol,2010, 19(21):4678-4694
210. Zhan AB, Perepelizin PV, Ghabooli S, Paolucci E, Sylvester F, Sardina P, Cristescu ME, Maclsaac HJ. Scale-dependent post-establishment spread and genetic diversity in an invading mollusk in South America. Biodiversity and Distributions,2012, 18(10):1042-1055
211. Zhan XJ, Zhang ZJ, Wu H, Goossens B, Li M, Jiang SW, Bruford MW, Wei FW. Molecular analysis of dispersal in giant pandas. Mol Ecol,2007,16(18):3792-3800
212. Zhu D, Jamieson BG, Hugall A, Moritz C. Sequence evolution and phylogenetic signal in control region and cytochrome b sequences of rainbow fishes (Melanotaeniidae). Mol Biol Evol,1994,11(4):672-683
213. Zhu ZY, Yue GH. Eleven polymorphic microsatellites isolated from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Mol Ecol Resour,2008,8(4):796-798
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |