面向绿色制造的钢铁制造系统辅料资源运行特性研究
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摘要
钢铁工业是一个以生产钢材为主的原材料制造业，属国民经济的基础产业，也是能源消耗、资源消耗和污染物排放大户。近年来，我国钢铁工艺通过结构调整和技术进步，在节能降耗、减少环境排放方面取得了显著成效，但由于我国钢铁产量持续高速增长，资源消耗和环境排放总量仍呈增长趋势，钢铁工业的可持续发展面临资源、环境的严峻挑战。钢铁制造系统的每一单元过程都带有不同的资源消耗，在生成主副产品的同时产生各种环境排放和资源消耗，是钢铁制造系统资源消耗和环境影响的根源，它们之间的协同配合关系决定了钢铁制造系统主辅料资源的转化效率、能源消耗及其环境影响的程度。因此，正确认识和分析钢铁制造系统的资源流及其影响显得尤为重要。
本文以国家自然科学基金“基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁绿色制造系统集成运行模式研究(70971102)”为依托，以钢铁产品生命周期过程为主线，以绿色制造模式为支撑，研究钢铁制造系统辅料资源的运行特性，及对资源消耗和环境排放的影响机理，为钢铁企业实施绿色制造、资源优化利用及节能减排提供解决方案的参考。主要研究内容有：
（1）在分析钢铁制造系统基本流程及特点的基础上，将资源流分为含铁主料资源和辅料资源，阐述了辅料资源的内涵和特点；系统分析了钢铁制造过程典型环节的主料资源的转换过程及辅料资源在此过程中对转换效率及环境排放的影响；构建了基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁制造系统资源流运行规律研究体系结构。
（2）建立了钢铁制造系统辅料资源运行特性的分析框架，综合考虑辅料资源在钢铁产品的生命周期主线上，配合主料资源的转换过程中形成的复杂时空特性，阐述各辅料资源在主线上加入时间、空间、方式等属性不一样形成的不同的主辅料资源转化效率，及对系统的资源消耗和环境排放的影响，系统分析了辅料资源的时空特性、输入输出特性、反馈特性和排放特性。
（3）分析了钢铁制造系统单元过程中的输入、消耗、输出、反馈、排放之间的动态数学关系，建立了以综合考虑生产率、质量、成本、资源消耗、环境影响和职业健康与安全危害为目标，辅料资源运行特性为优化控制参数的钢铁制造系统资源优化运行理论模型，结合烧结、炼铁、炼钢等典型单元环节给出了应用框架模型，并以基于辅料资源运行特性的高炉焦比预测与优化为例进行了具体的分析与应用。
（4）在以上理论和方法研究的基础上，研究并开发了基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁制造系统资源优化原型支持系统，对系统的框架结构和工作流程进行了阐述，结合软件系统实现和实施案例对原型系统的主要模块进行了介绍。
Steel industry is the supporting industry in national economy; also it's an industry of denseresource, dense energy and of large amount of pollution letting. In recent years, based onstructure adjustment and technology progress, the national steel industry has reached remarkableachievement in energy-saving, material-saving and reducing of pollution letting. But due to thecontinuous rapidly increasing of steel yield; increasing amount of resource consumption andpollution letting, the development of steel industry in our country is facing the austere challengefrom resource and environment. The steel manufacturing system is an input/output system in thatthe main iron resources with the cooperation of limestone and other auxiliary resourcestransform into main products and by-products through a series of metallurgical units. In each unitprocess there are different resource consumption and kinds of emissions. The main iron materialresources and auxiliary resources is the root cause of the resource consumption andenvironmental impact in steel manufacturing system, the cooperate relationship among themdetermines the resource efficiency, energy consumption and environmental impact. Therefore, itis particularly important to analyze the flow of resources in iron and steel manufacturing system.
With the steel life-cycle process of the steel products as the main line, as well as the supportof green-integrated manufacturing system, The projeet of this paper studied the runningcharacteristics of auxiliary resources and the influence mechanism to resource consumption andenvironmental emissions, which can provide solutions for reference to implement greenmanufacturing, optimize the utilization of resources and emissions reduction. The main contentsof this paper are sponsored by the Research Fund of National Natural ScienceFoundation(70971102). Main research contents are as follows:
(1) Based of the analzing the process characteristics of manufacturing systems, the resourcesare divided into principal resources and auxiliary resources and State their meaning and features;the Iron element conversion process in typical steel manufacturing unit and the auxiliaryresources influencing to the conversion efficiency and environmental emission is dicussed, andthe research architecture on objective laws of the resources flow in steel manufacturing system isconstructed.
(2) Complex spatial and temporal characteristics formed by the accessories resources incoping with principal materials resources during life cycle in iron and steel manufacturingsystem affect the conversion efficiency, resource consumption and emissions. The analysisframework to the running characteristics of accessories resources is established, and thespace-time characteristics, input and output feedback and emission characteristics are analyzed.
(3) Presentate the general method on analysis the dynamic mathematical relations of theinput consumption, output, feedback and emissions. A resources flow optimization operationtheory model is presented which considerating of productivity, quality, cost, resourceconsumption, environmental impact and occupational health and safety hazards as the goal, andthe running characteristics of auxiliary resources as control parameters. On the application modelto sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking these typical unit, the blast furnace coke rate prediction and optimization based on running characteristic of auxiliary resources is taken as an example.
(4) On the basis of the above research and conlusion, an application supporting prototypesystem of resource optimal operating based on auxiliary resources’ running characteristic havedeveloped and applied, and the frame structure and work flow of the system are analyzed. A caseis integrated to testify all above-mentioned research contents and better application results havemade.
本文以国家自然科学基金“基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁绿色制造系统集成运行模式研究(70971102)”为依托，以钢铁产品生命周期过程为主线，以绿色制造模式为支撑，研究钢铁制造系统辅料资源的运行特性，及对资源消耗和环境排放的影响机理，为钢铁企业实施绿色制造、资源优化利用及节能减排提供解决方案的参考。主要研究内容有：
（1）在分析钢铁制造系统基本流程及特点的基础上，将资源流分为含铁主料资源和辅料资源，阐述了辅料资源的内涵和特点；系统分析了钢铁制造过程典型环节的主料资源的转换过程及辅料资源在此过程中对转换效率及环境排放的影响；构建了基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁制造系统资源流运行规律研究体系结构。
（2）建立了钢铁制造系统辅料资源运行特性的分析框架，综合考虑辅料资源在钢铁产品的生命周期主线上，配合主料资源的转换过程中形成的复杂时空特性，阐述各辅料资源在主线上加入时间、空间、方式等属性不一样形成的不同的主辅料资源转化效率，及对系统的资源消耗和环境排放的影响，系统分析了辅料资源的时空特性、输入输出特性、反馈特性和排放特性。
（3）分析了钢铁制造系统单元过程中的输入、消耗、输出、反馈、排放之间的动态数学关系，建立了以综合考虑生产率、质量、成本、资源消耗、环境影响和职业健康与安全危害为目标，辅料资源运行特性为优化控制参数的钢铁制造系统资源优化运行理论模型，结合烧结、炼铁、炼钢等典型单元环节给出了应用框架模型，并以基于辅料资源运行特性的高炉焦比预测与优化为例进行了具体的分析与应用。
（4）在以上理论和方法研究的基础上，研究并开发了基于辅料资源运行特性的钢铁制造系统资源优化原型支持系统，对系统的框架结构和工作流程进行了阐述，结合软件系统实现和实施案例对原型系统的主要模块进行了介绍。
Steel industry is the supporting industry in national economy; also it's an industry of denseresource, dense energy and of large amount of pollution letting. In recent years, based onstructure adjustment and technology progress, the national steel industry has reached remarkableachievement in energy-saving, material-saving and reducing of pollution letting. But due to thecontinuous rapidly increasing of steel yield; increasing amount of resource consumption andpollution letting, the development of steel industry in our country is facing the austere challengefrom resource and environment. The steel manufacturing system is an input/output system in thatthe main iron resources with the cooperation of limestone and other auxiliary resourcestransform into main products and by-products through a series of metallurgical units. In each unitprocess there are different resource consumption and kinds of emissions. The main iron materialresources and auxiliary resources is the root cause of the resource consumption andenvironmental impact in steel manufacturing system, the cooperate relationship among themdetermines the resource efficiency, energy consumption and environmental impact. Therefore, itis particularly important to analyze the flow of resources in iron and steel manufacturing system.
With the steel life-cycle process of the steel products as the main line, as well as the supportof green-integrated manufacturing system, The projeet of this paper studied the runningcharacteristics of auxiliary resources and the influence mechanism to resource consumption andenvironmental emissions, which can provide solutions for reference to implement greenmanufacturing, optimize the utilization of resources and emissions reduction. The main contentsof this paper are sponsored by the Research Fund of National Natural ScienceFoundation(70971102). Main research contents are as follows:
(1) Based of the analzing the process characteristics of manufacturing systems, the resourcesare divided into principal resources and auxiliary resources and State their meaning and features;the Iron element conversion process in typical steel manufacturing unit and the auxiliaryresources influencing to the conversion efficiency and environmental emission is dicussed, andthe research architecture on objective laws of the resources flow in steel manufacturing system isconstructed.
(2) Complex spatial and temporal characteristics formed by the accessories resources incoping with principal materials resources during life cycle in iron and steel manufacturingsystem affect the conversion efficiency, resource consumption and emissions. The analysisframework to the running characteristics of accessories resources is established, and thespace-time characteristics, input and output feedback and emission characteristics are analyzed.
(3) Presentate the general method on analysis the dynamic mathematical relations of theinput consumption, output, feedback and emissions. A resources flow optimization operationtheory model is presented which considerating of productivity, quality, cost, resourceconsumption, environmental impact and occupational health and safety hazards as the goal, andthe running characteristics of auxiliary resources as control parameters. On the application modelto sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking these typical unit, the blast furnace coke rate prediction and optimization based on running characteristic of auxiliary resources is taken as an example.
(4) On the basis of the above research and conlusion, an application supporting prototypesystem of resource optimal operating based on auxiliary resources’ running characteristic havedeveloped and applied, and the frame structure and work flow of the system are analyzed. A caseis integrated to testify all above-mentioned research contents and better application results havemade.
引文
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