三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统运行特性研究
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摘要
空气源热泵应用广泛，但其缺点为低温适应性差和室外换热器的结霜。太阳能作为热泵的一种再生低位热源，具有很大吸引力。太阳能虽然具有无法比拟的优点，但作为能源利用时，也存在能量密度低、间歇、收集和转换设备造价高等缺点。因此，针对此问题，为改善空气源热泵低温运行性能，可以利用相变蓄能来改变供能时间，弥补太阳能单一低位热源时的不稳定和间歇性问题，提出了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统（Heat Pump Integrated System withTriple-sleeve Energy Storage Exchangers，简称HPISTRESE）。本文研究了该新系统的动态运行特性，主要研究内容如下：
研制了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统的核心部件——三套管蓄能换热器(TRESE），搭建了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统实验台，对集成系统的蓄冷模式、集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式、蓄能热泵供热模式、释冷模式以及集热模式等多个运行模式进行动态实验研究。实验结果表明，集成系统在集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式运行的COP值最高，蓄能热泵供热模式次之，蓄冷模式的COP值最低。集成系统释冷模式过程中释冷率变化剧烈，释冷稳定性稍差。而集热模式实验表明三套管蓄能换热器具有较快的蓄热速度。
建立了三套管蓄能换热器基本单元的数学模型，采用分布参数法建立蓄能换热器的动态仿真模型。对蓄能换热器单元换热特性进行了模拟分析，结果表明三套管蓄能换热单元换热效果较好，并对不同因素对换热特性的影响进行了分析，为三套管蓄能换热器的强化换热以及优化设计提供理论依据。
研究分析了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统各运行模式特点及机理，建立了实验系统各模式的系统动态模型。理论和实验相结合，通过实验数据与数值模拟结果对比分析，结果表明模型能很好地反映系统各运行模式的物理过程。
基于验证的各运行模式的数学模型，分析了运行参数以及结构参数等因素对不同模式下系统的运行特性的影响，结果显示，三套管蓄能换热器减少蓄能单元数量时，蓄冷模式及集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式下系统运行性能明显降低。提高水流量以及水温对集热兼蓄能供热模式性能有很大改善。在释冷模式下，可以通过减小水流量或降低水温来提高释冷的稳定性。不同因素影响分析结果为蓄能换热器与集成系统匹配提供依据。
为综合评价集成系统，对集成系统进行了全年运行特性分析。首先对集成系统进行选型设计计算，并分析了系统各运行模式的转换条件及运行策略，对集成系统冬季运行特性与夏季运行特性进行了分析。并与常规空气源热泵系统进行了全年能耗以及运行费用的对比分析，结果表明集成系统在能耗及运行费用方面具有较好的节能效果。
本文的研究工作，深入全面掌握了三套管蓄能型热泵集成新系统的运行特性，为集成新系统的优化设计、建筑负荷的匹配及应用推广提供重要的理论基础和技术储备。也为系统的综合节能，生态用能提供新思路。
Air source heat pump was widely used, however, its shortcomings were the poorlow-temperature adaptability and frosting at the outdoor heat exchanger. Solarenergy as a renewable low heat source heat pump was very attractive. Solar energyhad the incomparable advantages, but it had disadvantages of low energy density,intermittent, high cost of collecting and converting equipment. Therefore, in orderto solve this problem, improving air source heat pump and solar energy low-temperature performance, a phase change energy storage used to change the energyof time, making up the solar energy low heat source of instability and intermittentproblems, the thesis puts forward Heat Pump Integrated System with Triple-sleeveEnergy Storage Exchangers (HPISTRESE). This paper studies the new systemdynamic characteristics, the main research contents are as follows:
Core part of the HPISTRESE—triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger (TRESE)was prepared and experimental setup for HPISTESE was built. The test data can becollected automatically and dynamic experimental study on cool storage mode, heatstorage simultaneous stored energy heat pump heating mode, stored energy heatpump heating mode and cool release mode were carried out. The experimentalresults show that, in the integrated system COP of heat storage simultaneous storedenergy heat pump heating mode was highest, energy storage heat pump heatingmode was next, and cool storage mode had the minimum value. Cool energyreleasing rate in cool release process changed dramatically, and dischargingstability was slightly. Experiments of the heat storage mode show that the triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger has high heat storage rate.
Mathematical model of triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger unit was established,based on the distribution parameter method dynamic simulation mode was set up.Heat transfer characteristics of the energy storage heat exchanger unit wereanalyzed. The results show that triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger unit havegood heat transfer effect, and the influence of different factors on the heat transfercharacteristics were analyzed. The analysis supplied theoretical basis for heattransfer enhancement as well as optimal design of triple-sleeve energy storageexchanger.
Study on the analysis of operating characteristics and mechanism of solar and airsource heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers,and experimental system dynamics model was set up. Combining theory and experiment, and the results of comparing the experimental data and numericalsimulation results indicate that the model can well reflect the physical process ofsystem operation modes.
Based on the validated mathematical model, the influence factors of the water flowmass rate, water temperature and heat storage structures on the operatingcharacteristics of different modes were anaylized. The analysis results suggestedthat reducing energy storage unit quantity of triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger,the operating performance of cool storage mode and heat storage simultaneousstored energy heat pump heating mode declined quickly. Increasing water flowmass rate and water temperature can improve performance of heat storagesimultaneous stored energy heat pump heating mode. In the cool release mode,reducing water flow mass rate can improve cool energy releasing stability. Resultsfor matching the energy storage heat exchanger and integrated system supplied thetheory basis.
The yearly operating performance of the integrated system was carried out forcomprehensive evaluation. Firstly, selection and design calculation of the integratedsystem was carried out. The operating conditions of different modes were analyzed.Secondly, the yearly operation performance of integrated system were studied, andcompared with the conventional air source heat pump system with the annualenergy consumption and operation cost. The results show that the integrated systemhas good energy-saving effect, however, constrained by the price of phase changematerial investment recovery period of integrated system is long.
The research work in this paper comprehensive grasps the novel solar and airsource heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers,and the study results supplied theory basis and technical reserve for the integratedsystem optimal design and construction load matching. In addition, the thesisprovides new ideas for comprehensive energy-saving and ecological energyapplication.
研制了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统的核心部件——三套管蓄能换热器(TRESE），搭建了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统实验台，对集成系统的蓄冷模式、集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式、蓄能热泵供热模式、释冷模式以及集热模式等多个运行模式进行动态实验研究。实验结果表明，集成系统在集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式运行的COP值最高，蓄能热泵供热模式次之，蓄冷模式的COP值最低。集成系统释冷模式过程中释冷率变化剧烈，释冷稳定性稍差。而集热模式实验表明三套管蓄能换热器具有较快的蓄热速度。
建立了三套管蓄能换热器基本单元的数学模型，采用分布参数法建立蓄能换热器的动态仿真模型。对蓄能换热器单元换热特性进行了模拟分析，结果表明三套管蓄能换热单元换热效果较好，并对不同因素对换热特性的影响进行了分析，为三套管蓄能换热器的强化换热以及优化设计提供理论依据。
研究分析了三套管蓄能型热泵集成系统各运行模式特点及机理，建立了实验系统各模式的系统动态模型。理论和实验相结合，通过实验数据与数值模拟结果对比分析，结果表明模型能很好地反映系统各运行模式的物理过程。
基于验证的各运行模式的数学模型，分析了运行参数以及结构参数等因素对不同模式下系统的运行特性的影响，结果显示，三套管蓄能换热器减少蓄能单元数量时，蓄冷模式及集热兼蓄能热泵供热模式下系统运行性能明显降低。提高水流量以及水温对集热兼蓄能供热模式性能有很大改善。在释冷模式下，可以通过减小水流量或降低水温来提高释冷的稳定性。不同因素影响分析结果为蓄能换热器与集成系统匹配提供依据。
为综合评价集成系统，对集成系统进行了全年运行特性分析。首先对集成系统进行选型设计计算，并分析了系统各运行模式的转换条件及运行策略，对集成系统冬季运行特性与夏季运行特性进行了分析。并与常规空气源热泵系统进行了全年能耗以及运行费用的对比分析，结果表明集成系统在能耗及运行费用方面具有较好的节能效果。
本文的研究工作，深入全面掌握了三套管蓄能型热泵集成新系统的运行特性，为集成新系统的优化设计、建筑负荷的匹配及应用推广提供重要的理论基础和技术储备。也为系统的综合节能，生态用能提供新思路。
Air source heat pump was widely used, however, its shortcomings were the poorlow-temperature adaptability and frosting at the outdoor heat exchanger. Solarenergy as a renewable low heat source heat pump was very attractive. Solar energyhad the incomparable advantages, but it had disadvantages of low energy density,intermittent, high cost of collecting and converting equipment. Therefore, in orderto solve this problem, improving air source heat pump and solar energy low-temperature performance, a phase change energy storage used to change the energyof time, making up the solar energy low heat source of instability and intermittentproblems, the thesis puts forward Heat Pump Integrated System with Triple-sleeveEnergy Storage Exchangers (HPISTRESE). This paper studies the new systemdynamic characteristics, the main research contents are as follows:
Core part of the HPISTRESE—triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger (TRESE)was prepared and experimental setup for HPISTESE was built. The test data can becollected automatically and dynamic experimental study on cool storage mode, heatstorage simultaneous stored energy heat pump heating mode, stored energy heatpump heating mode and cool release mode were carried out. The experimentalresults show that, in the integrated system COP of heat storage simultaneous storedenergy heat pump heating mode was highest, energy storage heat pump heatingmode was next, and cool storage mode had the minimum value. Cool energyreleasing rate in cool release process changed dramatically, and dischargingstability was slightly. Experiments of the heat storage mode show that the triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger has high heat storage rate.
Mathematical model of triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger unit was established,based on the distribution parameter method dynamic simulation mode was set up.Heat transfer characteristics of the energy storage heat exchanger unit wereanalyzed. The results show that triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger unit havegood heat transfer effect, and the influence of different factors on the heat transfercharacteristics were analyzed. The analysis supplied theoretical basis for heattransfer enhancement as well as optimal design of triple-sleeve energy storageexchanger.
Study on the analysis of operating characteristics and mechanism of solar and airsource heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers,and experimental system dynamics model was set up. Combining theory and experiment, and the results of comparing the experimental data and numericalsimulation results indicate that the model can well reflect the physical process ofsystem operation modes.
Based on the validated mathematical model, the influence factors of the water flowmass rate, water temperature and heat storage structures on the operatingcharacteristics of different modes were anaylized. The analysis results suggestedthat reducing energy storage unit quantity of triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger,the operating performance of cool storage mode and heat storage simultaneousstored energy heat pump heating mode declined quickly. Increasing water flowmass rate and water temperature can improve performance of heat storagesimultaneous stored energy heat pump heating mode. In the cool release mode,reducing water flow mass rate can improve cool energy releasing stability. Resultsfor matching the energy storage heat exchanger and integrated system supplied thetheory basis.
The yearly operating performance of the integrated system was carried out forcomprehensive evaluation. Firstly, selection and design calculation of the integratedsystem was carried out. The operating conditions of different modes were analyzed.Secondly, the yearly operation performance of integrated system were studied, andcompared with the conventional air source heat pump system with the annualenergy consumption and operation cost. The results show that the integrated systemhas good energy-saving effect, however, constrained by the price of phase changematerial investment recovery period of integrated system is long.
The research work in this paper comprehensive grasps the novel solar and airsource heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers,and the study results supplied theory basis and technical reserve for the integratedsystem optimal design and construction load matching. In addition, the thesisprovides new ideas for comprehensive energy-saving and ecological energyapplication.
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