鲜食葡萄果实糖酸组分遗传及葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达研究
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摘要
连续两年对104个葡萄品种果实中糖酸组分的测定表明：葡萄果实中糖的主要组分是葡萄糖和果糖,蔗糖含量较少,葡萄糖的含量变化范围为46.26～120.86mg ml-1;果糖的含量变化范围为48.64～128.09mg ml-1,蔗糖含量的变化范围为0～21.27mgml-1。葡萄果实中酸的主要组分为酒石酸和苹果酸,其中,酒石酸的含量显著高于苹果酸的含量,两年间酒石酸的含量变化范围分别为1.68～9.05mg ml-1(?)1.67～9.03mgml-1,苹果酸分别为0.39～6.15mg ml-1和0.34～6.98mg ml-1.欧美杂交种葡萄果实中的糖组分含量更高而酸组分含量更低。连续2年对不同类型葡萄杂交后代群体果实中糖酸含量的遗传力分析显示,杂交后代果实中含糖量平均值低于亲本平均值,超亲单株出现的比例较低。欧亚种之间杂交及欧亚种与欧美杂交种之间杂交时其糖组分遗传表现出相同的遗传力。葡萄糖含量的遗传力为0.60～0.85；果糖含量的遗传力为0.57～0.75；总糖含量的遗传力为0.62～0.83。苹果酸的遗传表现为加性效应,两种类型杂交时苹果酸的遗传力变化较大,范围为0.37～0.88；杂交后代群体苹果酸含量的平均值高于亲本平均值,表现为超亲遗传。酒石酸的遗传力较高,变化范围为0.75-0.89,杂交后代群体酒石酸含量平均值低于亲本平均值。葡萄果实中总酸含量遗传表现为加性效应,在不同类型品种间杂交时表现不一,更易受到苹果酸遗传的影响,总酸的遗传力为0.42～0.91。
为了解葡萄糖苷酶基因与ABA之间的关系,在玫瑰香葡萄果实发育至成熟阶段及脱水胁迫条件下,分析了编码成熟果实β-葡萄糖苷酶的3个-cDNAs(VvBG1,VvBG2和VvBG3)表达方式,结果表明：这三个VvBG基因的表达显著不同。VvBG1and VvBG2基因的表达从果实开始成熟时迅速增加,并在采收达到最大值,这与ABA在果实发育与成熟时的积累相一致。然而,VvBG3的表达与VvBG1和VvBG2不同,从葡萄的幼果期到始熟期,其转录水平持续降低,随后没有进一步变化。在果实采收前10天,离体果实脱水胁迫处理后,上调了VvBG1表达并出现了ABA积累现象,相反下调了VvBG2的表达,VvBG3则对脱水胁迫没有响应。在葡萄叶片内,脱水胁迫处理后上调了VvBG1表达并有ABA积累,同时下调了VvBG2和VvBG3的表达。基于获得的结果,可得出如下结论：3个VvBGs基因的表达方式具有时间和组织上的差异性,在葡萄果实成熟期间和应对脱水胁迫反应时,VvBGs基因的表达变化与组织内ABA含量变化间存在明显关联性。
Two consecutive years' measurement of the sugar and acid content among104grape varieties suggested that:the major sugar components in grape were glucose and fructose, and less sucrose. The content of glucose ranged from46.26to120.86mg ml-1; the content of fructose ranged from48.64to128.09mg ml-1; and the content of sucrose ranged from0to21.27mg ml-1. The major acid components in grape were tartaric acid and malic acid, which the content of the former was significantly higher than that of the later. The range of tartaric acid in two years were1.68～9.05mg ml-1and1.67～9.03mg ml-1, and the range of malic acid in two years were0.39～6.15mg ml-1and0.34～6.98mgml-1, respectively. There was a higher sugar level and a lower acid level in hybrids of American and European varieties. Two consecutive years' analysis of the sugar and acid heritability in different types of filial generation showed that the average of sugar content in filial generation was lower than that in parent generation, and the propotion of transgressive segregation was low. There was a similar heritability between hybrids of Asian and European varieties and American and European varieties. The heritability of glucose was0.60～0.85, the heritability of fructose was0.57～0.75, and the heritability of total sugar was0.62～0.83. The total acid content was additive inheritance and was mainly influenced by malic acid, and the heredity of total acid was0.42～0.91.
In order to understand more about the role of b-glucosidase gene expression in modulating ABA level, the expression pattern of three cDNAs (VvBG1, VvBG2and VvBG3) which encode b-glucosidase in ripening grape berries was analyzed in the presence or absence of dehydration stress. The results show that expression of these three VvBG genes was markedly different. Expression of VvBG1and VvBG2increased rapidly from ve'raison to reach a maximum at harvest or several days immediately before harvest, and coincident with ABA accumulation during berry development and ripening. However, expression of VvBG3differed from VvBG1and VvBG2in that transcript levels declined from the early young fruit stage through ve'raison after which there was no further change. At10days before harvest, dehydration treatment of detached grape berries up-regulated the expression of VvBG1and enhanced ABA accumulation whereas the expression of VvBG2was down-regulated, VvBG3was unaffected by dehydration stress. However, in the leaves, dehydration treatment up-regulated the expression of VvBG1and stimulated the accumulation of ABA but downregulated expression of VvBG2and VvBG3. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the expression pattern of the three VvBGs is both temporal and tissue specific.Furthermore, expression of the VvBGs might play a role in the regulation of ABA content during berry ripening and in the response of berries to dehydration stress.
为了解葡萄糖苷酶基因与ABA之间的关系,在玫瑰香葡萄果实发育至成熟阶段及脱水胁迫条件下,分析了编码成熟果实β-葡萄糖苷酶的3个-cDNAs(VvBG1,VvBG2和VvBG3)表达方式,结果表明：这三个VvBG基因的表达显著不同。VvBG1and VvBG2基因的表达从果实开始成熟时迅速增加,并在采收达到最大值,这与ABA在果实发育与成熟时的积累相一致。然而,VvBG3的表达与VvBG1和VvBG2不同,从葡萄的幼果期到始熟期,其转录水平持续降低,随后没有进一步变化。在果实采收前10天,离体果实脱水胁迫处理后,上调了VvBG1表达并出现了ABA积累现象,相反下调了VvBG2的表达,VvBG3则对脱水胁迫没有响应。在葡萄叶片内,脱水胁迫处理后上调了VvBG1表达并有ABA积累,同时下调了VvBG2和VvBG3的表达。基于获得的结果,可得出如下结论：3个VvBGs基因的表达方式具有时间和组织上的差异性,在葡萄果实成熟期间和应对脱水胁迫反应时,VvBGs基因的表达变化与组织内ABA含量变化间存在明显关联性。
Two consecutive years' measurement of the sugar and acid content among104grape varieties suggested that:the major sugar components in grape were glucose and fructose, and less sucrose. The content of glucose ranged from46.26to120.86mg ml-1; the content of fructose ranged from48.64to128.09mg ml-1; and the content of sucrose ranged from0to21.27mg ml-1. The major acid components in grape were tartaric acid and malic acid, which the content of the former was significantly higher than that of the later. The range of tartaric acid in two years were1.68～9.05mg ml-1and1.67～9.03mg ml-1, and the range of malic acid in two years were0.39～6.15mg ml-1and0.34～6.98mgml-1, respectively. There was a higher sugar level and a lower acid level in hybrids of American and European varieties. Two consecutive years' analysis of the sugar and acid heritability in different types of filial generation showed that the average of sugar content in filial generation was lower than that in parent generation, and the propotion of transgressive segregation was low. There was a similar heritability between hybrids of Asian and European varieties and American and European varieties. The heritability of glucose was0.60～0.85, the heritability of fructose was0.57～0.75, and the heritability of total sugar was0.62～0.83. The total acid content was additive inheritance and was mainly influenced by malic acid, and the heredity of total acid was0.42～0.91.
In order to understand more about the role of b-glucosidase gene expression in modulating ABA level, the expression pattern of three cDNAs (VvBG1, VvBG2and VvBG3) which encode b-glucosidase in ripening grape berries was analyzed in the presence or absence of dehydration stress. The results show that expression of these three VvBG genes was markedly different. Expression of VvBG1and VvBG2increased rapidly from ve'raison to reach a maximum at harvest or several days immediately before harvest, and coincident with ABA accumulation during berry development and ripening. However, expression of VvBG3differed from VvBG1and VvBG2in that transcript levels declined from the early young fruit stage through ve'raison after which there was no further change. At10days before harvest, dehydration treatment of detached grape berries up-regulated the expression of VvBG1and enhanced ABA accumulation whereas the expression of VvBG2was down-regulated, VvBG3was unaffected by dehydration stress. However, in the leaves, dehydration treatment up-regulated the expression of VvBG1and stimulated the accumulation of ABA but downregulated expression of VvBG2and VvBG3. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the expression pattern of the three VvBGs is both temporal and tissue specific.Furthermore, expression of the VvBGs might play a role in the regulation of ABA content during berry ripening and in the response of berries to dehydration stress.
引文
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