大港油田污染土壤的植物修复及其根际微生物群落研究
|
摘要
大港油田石油开采历史悠久，石油污染土壤面积大，特点突出。根际土壤微生物群落多样性是污染土壤植物修复效应的重要指示。本研究以大港油田为研究对象，在对土壤中石油污染物的来源及其潜在风险调查与评估的基础上，选取直根系植物棉花(Gossypiumspp)，牵牛花(Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy)、紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa Linn)和须根系植物冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）、甘蓝（Brassica oleracea）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa Linn）、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)作为研究植物。通过盆栽实验，利用熏蒸法、常规平板计数和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）等微生物测定方法，探讨不同植物对根际土壤中石油烃的去除作用及根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明：大港油田大部分区域土壤中多环芳烃污染属中、轻度，局部为重度污染；土壤暴露的致癌风险值高出国际上普遍接受的标准风险值1-2个数量级，具有较高的农用风险；直根系植物对土壤石油烃的去除作用大于须根系；直根系根际土壤微生物群落结构较稳定，对根际土壤中石油烃降解菌具有较高的选择性促进作用。研究结果为大港油田及其类似地区的石油污染土壤植物修复技术的选择提供了重要参考，为石油污染土壤的微生物生态学机制探索提供了重要方法。
The oil development history of Dagang oil field is so long, the range of oil pollution soil islarge, so the oil field is typical area delegated oil pollution in proceeding of environmentaladministration. Phytoremediation of the oil pollution soil and the effect of soil rhizosphericmicroorganisms are the key aspects on running technology and the effect evolution, and thechange of soil rhizospheric microorganism is the important index for the evaluation. This studyused oil pollution soil in Dagang oil field as the typical study soil, based on investigating,districting and the potential risk assessment of oil pollution, it was used pot planting study methodand two types of plants as study materials to analysis the diversity of soil rhizosphericmicroorganism, the plants include tap root plant, such as cotton (Gossypium spp), morning glory(Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy) and mirabilis jalapa (Mirabilis jalapa Linn) and fibrous root plant,such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), ryegrass (Medicago sativaLinn), Lucerne (Lolium perenne L.), the soil rhizospheric microganism community structureanalysis was used steaming-treating method normal plate counting method and phospholipid fattyacid (PLFA) profiles. The results were as followings: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)pollution in most area of Dagang oil field soil belonged to middle level, and same part to highlevel. PAHs loss action of tap root plants was stronger than that of fibrous root plants. The soilrhizospheric microganism community structure of tap root plant was not so changed greatlycompared with the control treatment that there are no plants planting, but the fibrous root plantwas opposition; These results are important reference to select phytoremediation technology inDagang oil field and the similar areas, and provide important method for research on mechanismsof soil microbial ecology in oil contaminated soil.
The oil development history of Dagang oil field is so long, the range of oil pollution soil islarge, so the oil field is typical area delegated oil pollution in proceeding of environmentaladministration. Phytoremediation of the oil pollution soil and the effect of soil rhizosphericmicroorganisms are the key aspects on running technology and the effect evolution, and thechange of soil rhizospheric microorganism is the important index for the evaluation. This studyused oil pollution soil in Dagang oil field as the typical study soil, based on investigating,districting and the potential risk assessment of oil pollution, it was used pot planting study methodand two types of plants as study materials to analysis the diversity of soil rhizosphericmicroorganism, the plants include tap root plant, such as cotton (Gossypium spp), morning glory(Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy) and mirabilis jalapa (Mirabilis jalapa Linn) and fibrous root plant,such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), ryegrass (Medicago sativaLinn), Lucerne (Lolium perenne L.), the soil rhizospheric microganism community structureanalysis was used steaming-treating method normal plate counting method and phospholipid fattyacid (PLFA) profiles. The results were as followings: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)pollution in most area of Dagang oil field soil belonged to middle level, and same part to highlevel. PAHs loss action of tap root plants was stronger than that of fibrous root plants. The soilrhizospheric microganism community structure of tap root plant was not so changed greatlycompared with the control treatment that there are no plants planting, but the fibrous root plantwas opposition; These results are important reference to select phytoremediation technology inDagang oil field and the similar areas, and provide important method for research on mechanismsof soil microbial ecology in oil contaminated soil.
引文
1.焦海华,黄占斌,白志辉.石油污染土壤修复技术研究进展[J].农业环境与发展,2012,29,(2):48-56
2.夏永明,孙良康.石油储运过程环境污染控制[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1992
3. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment),2001. Canada Wide Standardsfor Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil. Winnipeg, Canada
4.曹云者,施烈焰,李丽和,李发生.石油烃污染场地环境风险评价与风险管理[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(3):265-272
5.李欣.油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺[J].环境工程,2003,21(3):58-59
6. Nyer E K, Skladany G J.1989. Relating the physical and chemical properties of petroleumhydrocarbons to soil and aquifer remediation [J]. Ground Water Monitoring Review,9(1):54-59
7.曾玉彬,黄峰,刘世海,等.钻井废弃物的生物处理技术研究进展[J].精细石油化工进展,2008(2):42-45.
8. Ren L, Huang T L.2000. Contamination of soils by petroleum [J]. Agro-EnvironmentalProtection,19(6):360-363
9.薛玉志,马云谦,李公让,等.海上废弃钻井液处理研究[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(5):12-16
10. Brodkorb, T S, Legge, R L. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in oil tar contaminatedsoils supplemented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.1992,58:3117-3121
11. Novotny, C, Svobodova, K, Erbanova, P, Cajthaml, T, Kasinath, A, Lang, E, Sasek, V.Ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation: extracellular enzyme production and degradation rate.Soil Biol. Biochem.2004,36,1545-1551
12. Das K, Mukherjee A K. Differential utilization of pyrene as the sole source of carbon byBacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; role of biosurfactants in enhancingbioavailability. Appl Microbiol.200,102:195-203
13.葛成军,俞花美.多环芳烃在土壤中的环境化学行为研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报，2006,14(1):162-165
14. Cunningham S D, Berti, W R, Huang J W. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils. TrendsBiotechnol.1995,13(39):3-7
15.高学晨,姜霞,区自清.多环芳烃在土壤中的行为[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):501-504
16.史红星,黄廷林.黄土地区土壤对石油类污染物吸附特性的实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2002,25(3):10-12
17.任华峰,单德臣,李淑芹.石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):373-376
18. Priha O, Grayston S J, Pennanen T, et al. Microbial activities related to C and N cy cling andmicr obial community structurein the rhizospheres of Pinussylvestris, Piceaabies and Betulapendula seedling s in an or ganic andmineral soil[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1999,30(2):187-199
19.许端平,王波.土壤中石油烃类污染物对高粱玉米的生长的影响研究[J].矿业快报,2006,12(12):28-30
20. Ogboghodo I A, Iruaga E K, Osemwota I O, Chokor J U. An assessment of the effects ofcrude oil pollution on soil properties, germination and growth of maize (Zeamays) using twocrude types Forcados light and Escravos light [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2004,96(1-3):143-152
21.吕志萍,程龙飞.石油污染土壤中石油含量对玉m的影响[J].油气田环境保护.2001,11(1):36-37
22.李小利,刘国彬,薛蓬,等.土壤石油污染对植物苗期生长和土壤呼吸的影[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):95-99
23.张大庚,依艳丽,郑西来.沈抚污水灌区石油烃对土壤及水稻的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):333-336
24. Baird, W M, Hooven, L A, Mahadevan, B. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–DNA adducts and mechanism of action [J]. Environ. Mol. Mutagen.2005,45:106-114
25. Lee R F. Photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity of crude and refined oils [J]. Spill Science andTechnology Bulletin.2003.8(2):157-162
26. Connor, K T, Aylward, L L. Human response to dioxin: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)molecular structure, function, and dose–response data for enzyme induction indicate animpaired human AhR [J]. Toxicol. Environ. Health B: Crit. Rev.2006,9:147-171.
27.王振刚.环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000
28. Shimada T, Guengerich F P. Inhibition of human cytochrome P4501A1,1A2, and1B1mediated activation of procarcinogens to genotoxic metabolites by polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. Chem. Res. Toxicol.2006.19,288-294
29. Klein C B, Broday L, Costa, M. Mutagenesis assays in mammalian cells [M]. Curr Protoc.Toxicol.2001.(Chapter3, Unit33)
30. Sinha R, Kulldorff M, Gunter M J, Strickland P, Rothman N. Dietary benzo(a)pyrene intakeand risk of colorectal adenoma[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2005,14:20-34
31. Knuckles M E, Inyang F, Ramesh A. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of fluoranthene in F-344rats [J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2004,59:102-108
32. US EPA, Introduction to Phytoremediation.EPA/600/R-99/107. Washington D C, February;Suthersan, S S.2002. Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems. Arcadis/LewisPublishers, London
33.唐世荣.污染环境植物修复的原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
34.西莫查K.净化污染土壤的新的有效技术[J].国外金属矿选矿,2001(2):43-45
35. Yateem A, Balba M T, El-Nawawy A S, Al-Awadhi N. Experiments in phytoremediation ofGulf War contaminated soil [J]. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup.1999,2:31-33
36.刘光全,王蓉莎,肖遥.含油污泥处理技术研究[J].重庆环境科学,1999,21(3):49-52
37. Sarkar D, FergusonM, Datta R et al. Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons inContaminated Soils: Comparison of Biosolids. Addition, Carbon Supplementation andMonitored Natural Attenuation [J]. Environmental Pollution,2005,136(1):187-195
38.顾传辉,陈桂珠.石油污染土壤生物降解生态条件研究[J].生态科学.2000,19(4):67-72
39. Aatry A R, Euis G M. Bioremediation: An effective remedied alternative for petroleumhydrocarbon contaminated soil.Environ [J].1992,11:312-318
40. Vance D. B. Phytoremediation: enhancing natural attunation processes [J]. NationalEnvironment al Journal,1996,6:30-31
41. Huang X D, EiAlawi Y, Penrose D M, Glick B R, Greenberg B M．A multiprocessphytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fromcontaminated soils [J]. Environmental Pollution.2004,130(3):465-476
42.张秀霞,周蕾,张云波.炼油厂含油污泥发酵处理的影响因素研究[J].炼油技术与工程,2006,36(9):58-62
43.罗士平,周国平,张齐.油田含油污泥处理工艺条件的研究[J].江苏工业学院学报2003,15(1):24-26
44.陈静,王学军,胡俊栋,等.腐植酸对土壤持留多环芳烃的影响.农业环境科学学报,2005,24(5):849-853
45. Oudot J, Merlin F X, Pinvidic P. Weathering rates of oil components in a bioremediationexperiment in estuarine sediments [J]. Mar Environ Res,1998,45(2):113-125
46.钱暑强,刘铮.污染土壤修复技术介绍[J].化工进展,2000,(4):10-12
47.赵荫薇,王世明,张建法.微生物处理地下水石油污染的应用研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(2):209-212
48. Bertrend J, Rambeloarisoa E. Microbial biodegradation of crude in seawater in continuousculture [J]. Bio-technol.Lett,1983,5(11):567-572.
49.郭婷,张承东,齐建超等，酵母菌-细菌联合修复石油污染土壤研究[J].环境科学研究,2009,12(22):1472-1477
50. wetzel S C, Banks M K, sehwalb A P. Rhizophere effects on the degradarion of Pyrene andanthracene in soil, In Phytoremediation of soil and water canraminants. Eds. Kruger E L,Allderson T A, Coats J R. Washington D C. Ameriean Chemical Soeicty,1997.254-262
51.邹德勋,骆永明,滕应,平立风,刘五星,李振高.多环芳烃长期污染土壤的微生物强化修复初步研究[J].土壤,2006,38(5):652-656
52. Mishra, P. K.et al. Enhanced soybean (Glycine max L.) plant growth and nodulation byBradyrhizobium japonicum-SB1in presence of Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1. Acta Agric.Scand. B Soil Plant Sci.2009,59,189-196
53.杨雪莲,李凤梅,刘婉婷,等.高效石油降解菌的筛选及其降解特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):230-233
54. Grosser R J, Warshawsky D, Vestal R. Indigenous and enhanced mineralization of pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene,and carbazolein soils[J]. Appl Environ Microb,1991,57:3462-3469
55.孙铁珩,周启星,李培军.污染生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:309-368.
56. Zhang K, Xu Y Y, Liu Z, et al. An intensified degradation of phenanthrene with macroporousalginate-lignin beads immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium[J].Biochemical EngineeringJournal,2008,41:251-257
57. Chakrabarty A M. Genetically-manipulated Microorgnisms and their products in theoilservice industries [J]. Trend in Biotechnology.1985,2(3):32-29
58. USEPA. Exposure factors handbook [R]. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa, Washington, D C.20460,Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U. S.Environmental Protection Agency: sec,1997:1-17
59.韩丽梅,王树起,鞠会艳,等.大豆根系分泌物的鉴定及其化感作用的初步研究[J].大豆科学,2000,19(2):119-125
60.吴辉,郑师章.根分泌物及其生态作用[J].生态学杂志,1992,11(6):42-47
61. Merkl,N, Schultze-Kraft, R, Infante, C. Phytoremediation in the tropics–influence of heavycrude oils on root morphological characteristics of graminoids[J]. Environmental Pollution.2005,138,86-91.
62. Chiapusio, G, Pujol, S, Toussaint, M L, Badot, P M., Binet, P. Phenanthrene toxicity anddissipation in rhizosphere of grassland plants(Lolium perenne L.and Trifolium pratense L.) inthree spiked soils [J]. Plant and Soil.2007,294,103-112
63. Yateem A, Balba M T, El-Nawawy A S, Al-Awadhi N. Experiments in phytoremediation ofGulf War contaminated soil [J]. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup.1999,2:31-33
64. Durmishidze S. V. Metabolism of certain air polluting organic compounds in plants (review)[J]. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol.1977,13(6):646
65.焦杏春,陈素华,沈伟然等.水稻根系对多环芳烃的吸着与吸收[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):760-764
66. Reilley K, Banks M K, Schwab A P. Dissipation of poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in therhizosphere [J]. Enviro Qual,1996,25:212-219.
67.彭胜巍.石油污染土壤的花卉植物修复研究[D].南开大学研究生院.2009,5:25-35
68. Phillips L A, Greer C W, Gemuda J J. Cultur-based and culture-independent assessment of theimpact of mixed and single plant treatments on rhizasphere plarepitsoil[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry.2006,38:2823-2833
69. Olson, P E, Castro, A, Joern, M, DuTeau, N M, Pilon Smits, E, Reardon, K F. Effects ofagronomic practices on phytoremediation of an aged PAH-contaminated soil[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Quality.2008,37,1439-1446
70.欧阳威,刘红,于勇勇等.高羊茅对微生物强化修复石油污染土壤影响的研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,7(1):95-97
71. Nichols T D, Wolf D C, Rogers H B, et al. Rhizosphere microbial populations incontaminated soils [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.1997,95(14):165-178
72.许超,夏北成.土壤多环芳烃污染根际修复研究进展[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):216-222
73. Xu S Y, Chen Y X, Wu W X, et al. Enhanced dissipation of Phenanthrene and pyrene inspiked oils by combined Plant cultivation [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2006,363:206-215
74. Salanitro, J P, Dorn, P B, Huesemann, M H, et al.―Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediationand Soil Ecotoxicity Assessment,‖Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31,1769-1776
75. Degens B P. Microbia function al diversity can be influenced by the addition of simpleorganic substrates to soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30:1981-1988
76. GAO Y Z, ZHU L Z. Plant uptake, accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene andpyrene in soils [J]. Chemosphere,2004,55:1169-1178
77. Ortega, J J, Ball, W P, Schulin, R., et al. Bioavailability of pollutants and soil remediation [J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,36,1383-1384
78. Gunther T, Dornberger U, Frits che W. Effects of ryegrass on bioremediation of hydrocarbonsin soil [J]. Chemosphere.1996,33(2):203-215
79. Kong C H, Wang P, Zhao H, etal.I mpact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice onsoil microbial community [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40:1862-1869
80. Corey D B, Amanda K B, Joy B, et al. Root exudates regulate soil fungal communitycomposition and diversity [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(3):738-744
81. Mallakin A, Babu T S, Dixon D G, Greenberg, B M. Sites of toxicity of specificphotooxidation products of anthracene to higher plants: inhibition of photosynthetic activityand electron transport in Lemna gibba L.G-3(duck-weed)[J].Environmental Toxicology.2002,17,462-471.
82. Stoecker K, Bendinger B, Schoning B, et al. Cohn's Crenothrix is a filamentous methaneoxidizer with an unusual methane monooxygenase. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America,2006,103(7):2363-2367
83. Wild S. R, Jones K. C. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludgeamended soil [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality.1992,21:217-225
84. Killham, K. Soil Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1994
85. Steenwerth K L, Jackson L E, Calderón F J, Stromberg M R, Scow KM Soil microbialcommunity composition and land use history in cultivated and grassland ecosystems ofcoastal California [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34,1599-1611
86. Mackova M, Macek T, Kucerova P, Polachova I, Burkhard J, Triska I. The beneficial effectsof plant on detoxification of environmental pollutants [J]. Biologia,1999:76-79
87.戈峰.2002.现代生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,252-254
88. Calderón F J, Jackson L E, Scow K M, Rolston D E. Microbial responses to simulated tillagein cultivated and uncultivated soils [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32,1547-1559
89. Marschner H. Romheld V, zhang F, et al. Mobilization of mineral nutrients in the rhizosphere:by root exudates Transactions14th Interna. Congress of Soil Sci,1990,4:158-163
90. McCarthy C M, Murray L. Viability and metabolic features of bacteria indigenous to acontaminated deep aquifer [J]. Microbial Ecol.,1996,32:305-321
91. Cieslinski G K. Van-Rees C J, Szmigielska A M, Huang P M. Low moleeular weight organicacids released from roots of durum wheat and flax into sterile nutrient solutions. Plant Nutr,1997,20(6):753-764
92. Singh C, Lin J. Isolation and characterization of diesel oil degrading indigenousmicroorganisms in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa [J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2008,7(12):1927-1932
93. Andren O, Baalandreau, J. Biodiversity and soil functioning from black box to can of worms[J]. Applied Soil Ecology.1999,13:105-108
94. Xiao-Dong Huang, You sef El Alawi, Donna M. Penrose, Bernard R. Glick, Bruce M.Greenberg. A multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons from contaminated soils [J]. Environmental Pollution.2004,130:465-476
95. Jiehua Y, Owen Ward. Investigation of the Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol by thePredominant Bacterial Strains in a Mixed Culture [J]. Inremational fliodeteriorution&Biodqrudation1996,1:181-187
96.史刚荣.植物根系分泌物的生态效应[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):97-101
97. Huang P M, Bollag, J M. Minerals-organics-microorganisms interaction in the soilenvironment. In: Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles (Eds Huang, PM, Senesi,N, Bollag, J-M.), New York: John Wiley and Sons.1998,155-182
98.张福锁.根系分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(2):63-67
99.李良谟,范晓晖,等.根际酶的研究概况[J].土壤,1993,25(6):299-303
100. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, Oudot, J. Phytotoxicity and plant uptake of fuel oil hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality.1997,26,1478-1483
101. Bezemer T M, Lawson C S, Heldund K., et al. Plant species and functional group effects onabiotic and microbial soil properties and plantesoil feedback responses in two grasslands.Journal of Ecology,2006,94,893-904
102. Hooper D.U, Chapin F S, Ewel, J.J, Hector, A, et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystemfunctioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs,2005,75:3-35
103. Warhurst A W, Clarke K F, Hill R A, et al. Production of catechols and muconic acids fromvarious aromatics by the styrene-degrader Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB13259[J].Biotechnology Letters,1994,16:513-516
104. Bossio D A, Scow K M, Gunapala N, et al. Determinants of Soil Microbial Communities:Effect s of Agricultural Management, Season, and Soil Type on Phospholipid Fatty AcidProfiles[J]. Microb. Ecol,1998,36(1):1-12
105. Zelles L. Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharidesin thecharacterisationof microbial communities in soil: a review [J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils,1999,29:111-129
106. Zelles L, Bai Q Y, Beck T, Beese F. Signature fatty acids in phospholipids andlipopolysaccharides as indicators of microbial biomass and community structure inagricultural soils [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1992,24,317-323
107. Sugiura K, Ishihara M，Harayama S T. Physicochemical properties and biodegradability ofcrude oil [J]. Environ Sci Technol,1997,31(1):45-51
108. Green C T, Scow K M. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) to characterize microbialcommunities in aquifers [J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2000,8:126-141
109. Frosteg rd, B th E, Tunlio A. Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities inlimed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1993,25,723-730
110.姚德明,许华夏,张海荣,等.石油污染土壤生物修复过程中微生物生态研究[J].生态学杂志,2002,21(1):26-28
111. Chaineau CH,Morel J L,Oudot J. Microbial degradation in soil microcosms of fuel oilhydrocarbons from drilling cutting[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1995,29:1615-1621
112. Volkering F, Breure A M, Rulkens W H. Microbiological aspects of surfactant use forbiological soil remediation [J]. Biodegradation,1998,8:401-417
113. Grosser R J, Warshawsky D, Vestal R. Indigenous and enhanced mineralization ofpyrene,benzo[a]pyrene and carbazole in soils[J]. Appl. Environ. Microb,1991,57:3462-3469
114.丁克强,孙铁珩,李培军.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):50-55
115. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX, Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs),1996
116. Colorado BLM Policy for the On-Site Remediation of RCRA Exempt, Hydrocarbon Based,Oil and Gas Exploration&Production Waste and Terrestrial Spills of Crude Oil (June,1997)
117. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Soil Screening Guidance: TechnicalBackground Document, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, EPA/540/R-95/128,Washington, D.C.(1996)
118. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Method3540C-Soxhlet extraction.Revision3. SW846test methods for evaluating solid wastes;1996. Maliszewska-KordybachB, Smreczak B, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A. Effects of anthropopressure and soil properties on theaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upper layer of soils in selectedregions of Poland. Appl Geochem2009,24:1918-1926
119. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Regional screening levels for chemicalcontaminants at superfund sites. Regional screening table. User's guide;2011. http://www.epa. Gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration-table/usersguide.htm (Access date:July2011
120. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), Interim CanadianEnvironmental Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites. CCME EPC-CS34Winnipeg,Manitoba (1991)
121. Cachada A, Pato P, Rocha-Santos T, et al. Levels, sources and potential human health risks oforganic pollutants in urban soils [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,430:184-192
122. American Petroleum Institute (API),―Evaluation of Limiting Constituents Suggested forLand Disposal of Exploration and Production Wastes,‖Publication Number4527(July1991)
123. Kipopoulou A M, Manoli E, Samara C. Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area [J]. Environmental Pollution1999,106:369-380
124. Wild S R, Jones K C. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdomenvironment: A preliminary source inventory and budget[J]. Environmental Pollution1995,88:91-108
125. Paterson S. and McKay D. A model illustrating the environmental fate, exposure and humanuptake of persistent organic chemicals [J]. Ecol. Modelling.1989,47,85-114
126. New Mexico,―Guidelines for Remediation of Leaks, Spills and Releases,‖New Mexico OilConservation Division (August13,1993)
127. CCME(Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment).1996b．CCME-EPC-10lE AProtocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil QualityGuidelines[S].Ottawa，Canada: CCME
128. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). Polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. Canadian soil quality guidelines for protection of environmental and humanhealth. Canadian soil quality guidelines2010. http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/
129. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Statewide Order29-B, Drilling and Production,Chapter X V, Office of Conservation (1986)
130. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, and Oudot J.―Phytotoxicity and Plant Uptake of Fuel OilHydrocarbons,‖J. Environ. Qual.1997,26,1478-1483
131. Salanitro J P, Dorn P B, Huesemann, M H, et al.―Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediationand Soil EcotoxicityAssessment,‖Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31,1769-1776
132. Malcolm H M, Dobson S. The Calculation of an Environmental Assessment Level (EAL) forAtmospheric PAHs Using Relative Potencies [J]. Department of the Environment, London,UK,1994,34-46
133. American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM, Standard Guide for Corrective ActionApplied at Petroleum Release Sites, ASTM E1739-95, American Society for Testing andMaterials, West Conshohocken, PA (1995)
134. BIBRA International,1995. A Critical Review of the Methodology for the Estimation ofDietary Intake of Food Chemicals in the UK. MAFF Report,1A005
135. Efroymson, R A,Will, M E,Suter, G W., and Wooten, A.C., Toxicological Benchmarks forContaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants:1997Revision.ES/ER/TM-85/R3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (1997)
136. McMillen, S J, Magaw, R I, Deeley, G, Kerr, J M., and Edwards, D.A.,―A Risk-BasedScreening Method for Evaluating Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon at Upstream Sites,‖presented at the1999SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference,Austin, Texas (February28-March3,1999
137. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETC),2001. ExposureFactors Sourcebook for European Populations (with Focus on UK Data). Technical ReportNo.79, Brussels
138.高继军,张力平,黄圣标,等．北京市饮用水源蕈金属污染物健康风险的初步评价[J].环境科学,2004,25(5):47-50
139.仇付国,王晓昌.污水再生利用的健康风险评价方法[J].环境污染与防治,2003,25(1):49-51
140.赵沁娜,徐启新.城市土地置换过程中土壤多环芳烃污染的健康风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(3):286-289
141.曾光明,卓利,钟政林,等.水环境健康风险评价模型及其应用[J].水电能源科学,1997,15(4):28-33
142.王宗爽,段小丽,刘平等.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境科学研究,2009,10(22):1164-1170
143.杨宇,胡建英,陶湗.天津地区癌症风险的预期寿命损失[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):69-73
144. USEPA. Exposure factors handbook [R]. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa, Washington, D C.20460,Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U. S.Environmental Protection Agency: sec,1997:1-17
145. Nisbet I T, LaGoy P K. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs)[J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,1992,16:290-300
146. Muller P, Leece B, Raha D. Scientific Criteria Document for multimedia EnvironmentalStandards Development: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Part1. Dose ResponseAssessment, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Ottawa, Ontario,1996,203
147. Wester R C, Maibach H I, Bucks D A W, et al. Percutaneous absorption of (14C) DDT and(14C) Benzo(a)pyrene from soil [J]. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology.1990,5:510-516
148. Bostr m C E, Gerde P, Hanberg A, et al. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelinesfor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air [J]. Environ Health Perspect.2002,110(Suppl3):451-488
149. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETC),2001. ExposureFactors Sourcebook for European Populations (with Focus on UK Data). Technical ReportNo.79, Brussels
150. National Rivers Authority (NRA),1990. SIMCAT Consent Setting Model-User Guide. TheNational Rivers Authority’s R&D Programme. Project No.022, Output Ref P-61, NRABristol
151. Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency(DEFRA),2002. The Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) model: TechnicalBasis and Algorithms, CLR10
152. TPHCWG, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Working Groups Series, Volume5Human HealthRisk-Based Evaluation of Petroleum Release Sites: Implementing the Working GroupApproach, in Press (1999)
153. Judith P, Tom C, Mike S. Risk based contaminated land investigation and assessment [M].Chichester, New York: Wiley,1997
154. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment).1996.CCME-BPC-101E AProtocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality Guidelines [S]Ottawa Canada, CCME
155. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency.Contaminants in soil: collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans, benzo [a]pyrene [R]. UK: Defra and Environmental Agency,2002,1-24
156. Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo J L. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samplesfrom Tarragona County, Spain [J]. Environmental Pollution,2004,132:1-11
157.李新荣等.北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,8(28):1759-1765
158. Smith M D, D C Hartnett, G W T Wilson. Interacting influence of mycorrhizal symbiosisand competition on plant diversity in tallgrass prairie. Ocologia,1999,121:574-582
159. Cha D K, et al. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAM E) analysis form onit oring Nocardia levels inactivat ed sludge [J]. Wat. Res.1999,38(8):1964-1966.
160. Hackl E, Pfeffer M, Donat C, et al.2005. Composition of the microbial communities in themineral soil under different types of natural forest [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(4):661-671
161.李春荣,王文科,曹玉清.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2):234-238
162. Torsvik, Thingstad T F.2002. Prokaryotic diversity-magnitude, dynamics and controllingfactors [J]. Science,296(5570):1064-1066
163. Nannipieri P, Ascher J, Ceccherini M T, et al.2003. Microbial diversity and soil functions [J].European Journal of Soil Science,54(4):655-670
164. Valentina murgina, Mikhail Arinbasarow. Bioremediation of oil polluted aquatic system andsoil with novel preparation[J].Bioremediation.2000,11:385-389
165.沈德中.污染环境的生物修复[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:15-21
166.王庆仁,刘秀梅,崔岩山等.土壤与水体有机污染的生物修复及其应用研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,21(1):159-163
167. B ehme L, Langer U, B ehme F. Microbial biomass, enzyme activities and microbialcommunity structure in two European long-term field experiments[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2005,109:141-152
168. Baath E, Anderson T H. Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient usingphysiological and PLFA-based techniques [J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35(7):955-963
169. Torsvik V L, Goksoyr J, Daae F L. High diversity in DNA of soil bacteria [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,1990,56:782-787
170. Mentzer J L, Goodman R M, Balser T C. Microbial response over time to hydrologic andfertilization treatments in a simulated wet prairie [J]. Plant and Soil,2006,284:85-100
171. Findlay, R H.,2004. Determination of microbial community structure using phospholipidfatty acid profiles. In: Kowalchuk, G A., de Bruijn, F J., Head, I M., Akkermans, A D, vanElsas, J D.(Eds.), Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual. Springer, Dordrecht, pp.983-1004
172. Rajendran N, Matsuda O, Imamura N, et al. Variation in microbial biomass and communitystructure in sediments of eutrophic baysas determined by phospholipid ester-linked fattyacids[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1992,58(2):562-571
173. Bossio D A, S cow K M, GunapalaN, et al. Determinants of soil microbial communities:effects of agricultural management season and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles[J].Microbial Ecology,1998,36:1-12
174. Song Yu fang, Xu Huaxia, Sun Tieheng. Plant remediation of PLFAs and mineral oilcontaminated soil in wet land [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(sup.):99-102
175. Nayyar A, Hamel C, Lafond G, Gossen B D, Hanson K, Germida. Soil microbial qualityassociated with yield reduction in continuous-pea [J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,43,115-121
176.李清波,左元梅,张福锁.玉米和花生根际生物的原位观察初探[J].微生物学通报,2004,31(1):6-10
177. Grayston S J, Prescott C E.2005. Microbial communities in forest floors under four treespecies in coastal British Columbia [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(6):1157-1167.
178. Hackl E, Pfeffer M, Donat C, et al.2005. Composition of the microbial communities in themineral soil under different types of natural forest [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(4):661-671
179.顾美英,徐万里,茆军,等.新疆绿洲农田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物群落多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(10):3031-3040
180.国家药典委员会.2005.中国药典（一部）[S].北京:化学工业出版社,177-178
181.鲁如坤.2000.土壤农化分析[M].北京,农业科学与技术出版社.
182. Bligh E G and Dyer W J.1959. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification [J].Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology,37(8):911-917
183. Vance E D, Brookes P C, Jenkinson D S. An ex traction method for measuring soil microbialbiomass [J].Soil Biology and Bio-chemistry,1987,19:703-707
184.林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):63-66
185. Boehm M J, Madden L V, Hitink H A. Effect of organic matter decomposition level onbacterial species diversity and composition in relation to Pythium damping-off severity [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology.1993,59:4171-4179
186. Maloney P E, Bruggen A H C, Hu S. Bacterial community structure in relation to the carbonenvironments in lettuce and tomato rhizospheres and in bulk soil [J]. Microbial Ecology,1997,34:109-117
187. Green C T, Scow K M. Analysis of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFA) to characterizemicrobial communities in aquifers[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2000,8:126-141
188. Vestal J R, White D C. Lipid analysis in microbial ecology: Quantitative approaches to thestudy of microbial communities [J]. Bioscience,1989,39:535-541
189. Steinberger Y, ZellesL, Bal Q Y, et al Phospholipid fatty acid profiles as indicators for themicrobial community structure in soils along a clmiatic transect in the Judean Desert [J]. BioFertil Soils,1999,28:292-300
190. B th E, Anderson T. Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient usingphysiological and PLFA-based techniques [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,200335,955-963
191. Pankhurst C E, Yu S, Hawke B G, Harch B D. Capacity of fatty acid profiles and substrateutilization patterns to describe differences in soil microbial communities associated withincreased salinity or alkalinity at three locations in South Australia [J]. Biol Fertil Soils.2001,33:4-17
192. Haack S K, Garchow H D. Odelson, A, et al. Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation offatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol.1994,60:2483-2493
193. Nielsen P, Petersen S O. Ester-linked polar lipid fatty acid profiles of soil microbialcommunities: a comparison of extraction methods and evaluation of interference from humicacids [J]. Soil Biol. Biochem.2000,32:12-41
194. Alvarez M A D, Gagne S, Antoun L. Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of thetomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,1995,61:194-199
195. Deyn,G B. Cornelissen,J H, Bardgett, R.D. Plant functional traits and soil carbonsequestration in contrasting biomes[J]. Ecology Letters.2008,11:516
196. Gül in I. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid)[J]. Toxicology,2006,217(23):213-220
197. Braun, Luiiemann A, Huttermann A, Majcherczyk A. creening of ectomycorrhizal fungi fordegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1999,53(1):127-132
198.旷远文,温达志,钟传文,等.根系分泌物及其在植物修复中的作用[J].植物生态学报,2003,27:709-711
199. Bauhus J, Khanna P K, Menden N. Aboveground and belowground interactions in mixedplantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii [J]. Canadian Journal of ForestResearch,2000,30(12):1886-1894
200. Lynch J M, Whipps J M. Substrate flow in the rhizosphere [M]. Plant and Soil,1990,129:170
201. Marschner H, R mheld V, Cakmak I. Root-induced of nutrient availability in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient,1987,10(916):1175-1184
202. Hua Zhao zhe, Chen Yan, Du Guo-cheng, et al. Effects of Biosurfactants Produced bvCandida Antarctica on the Biodegradation of Petroleum Compounds[J]. World Journal ofMicrobiology＆Biotechnology,2004,20:5-29
203. Kaimi E, Mukaidani T, Miyoshi S, Tamaki M. Ryegrass enhancement of biodegradationdiesel contaminatad soil [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany.2006,55(2):110-119
204. Elroy A. Rhizosphere, Springer-verlag Beidelberg [M]. New York, Tokyo.1986,55-91
205. Landi L, Valori F, Ascher J, et al. Root exudate effects on the bacterial communities, CO2evolution, nitrogen transformations and ATP content of rhizosphere and bulk soils. SoilBiology and Biochemistry,2006,38:509-516
206. Wiltse C C, Rooney W.L., Chen Z., et a1. Greenhouse evaluation of agronomic and crude oilphytoremediation potential among alfalfa genotypes [J]. Environmental Qua1ity1998,27:168-171
207. Nayyar A, Hamel C, Lafond G, Gossen B D, Hanson K, Germida J. Soil microbial qualityassociated with yield reduction in continuous-pea [J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,43,115-121
208. Riser-Roberts E.1998. Remediation of petroleum contaminated soils: biological, physical,and chemical process [M]. Boca Raton London New York Washington, D C, LEWISPUBLISHERS
209. Stanislaw B, Jolanta E B, Patryk O. Enzymatic activity in an airfield soil polluted withpolycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons [J]. Geoderma,2004, l18:221-232
210. Ling W T, Gao Y Z. Promoted dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils by amaranth(Ama ran thus tri-color L.)[J].Environ Geol,2004,46(5):553-560
211. Margesin R, Walder G, Sehinner F. The impact of hydrocarbon remediation(diesel oil andpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)on enzyme activities and microbial properties of soil[J].Acta Biotechnol,2000,20:313-333
212. Malallah G, Afzal M, Kurian M, et al. Impact of oil pollution on some desert plants[J].Environment International,1998,24(8):919-924
213. Khan, R A. Petroleum biodegradation and spill bioremediation [J]. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol,1993,50:125-131
214. Mohn, W W, Radziminski, C Z, Fortin, M C&Reimer, K J. On site bioremediation ofhydrocarbon contaminated Arctic tundra soils in inoculated biopiles [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,2001,57,242-247
215. Rajendran N, Nagatomo Y. Seasonal changes in sedimentary microbial communities of twoeutrophic bays as estimated bybiomarkers [J]. Hydrobiologia,1999,393:117-125
216. Spedding T A, Hamel C, Mehuys G R, et al. Soil microbial dynamics in maize-growing soilunder different tillage and residue management systems [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36:499-512
217. Jiao xing chun, Tao Shu, Chen Suhua et al. Partition of PAHs in Rice Shoots and theInfluencing Factors [J]. Joumal of Agro-Envimnment Science
218.黄艺,姜学艳,陶澍.菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物的生物降解[J].土壤与环境.2002,11(3):221-226
219. Song Yufang, Xu Huaxia, Sun Tieheng. Plant remediation of PLFAs and mineral oilcontaminated soil in wet land. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(sup.):99-102(inChinese)
220. Bardgett R D, LovellR D, Hobbs P J, e t al. Sesaonal changes in soil microbial communitiesalong a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31:1021-1030
221. Schutter M E, Sandeno J M, Dick R P. Seasonal, soil type and alternative managementinfluences on microbial communities of vegetable cropping systems [J]. Biology and Fertilityof Soils,2001,34:397-410
222.刘继朝,崔岩山,张燕平,等.植物与微生物对石油污染土壤修复的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(2):80-83
223. Jones D L. Organic acids in the rhizosphere: a critical review [J]. Plant and Soil,1998,205(1):25-44
224.白永飞,许志信,李德新.羊草草原群落生物量动态研究[J].中国草地,1994,3:1-59
225.成文联,柳海鹰,王世东.生物量与其影响因素之间关系的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(3):285-289
226.涂书新,孙锦荷,郭智芬等.植物根系分泌物与根际营养关系评述[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):64-67
227. Ke L, Wang W Q, Wong T W, et al. Removal of pyrene from contaminated sediments bymangrove microcosms [J]. Chemosphere,2003,51(1):25-34
228. Whipps J M. The inflence of the rhizosphere on crop productivity[J]. Adv. Microb. Ecol1986,6:137-240
229. Anderson T A, Guthrie E A, Walton BT. Bioremediation in the rhizophere, plant roots andassociated microbes clean contaminated soil [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol,1993,27:2630-2636
230. ZhangY, Maier W J, Miller R M. Effect of rhamnolipids on the dissolution, bioavailahility,and biodegradation of phenanthrene [J]. Environ Sci Tectmol,1997,31:2211-2217
231.万大娟,贾晓珊,陈娴.多氯代有机污染物胁迫下植物某些根系分泌物的变化[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,1(1):110-113
232. Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et.al.2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: currentknowledge and future challenges [J]. Science.294:804-808
233. O'Donnell A G, G rres H E.1999.16S rDNA methods in soil microbiology [J]. CurrentOpinion in Biotechnology,10(3):225-229
234. Pascual J A, Garcia C, Hemandez T, et al. Soil microbial activity as an biomarker ofdegradation and remediation processes [J]. Soil Biol. Bioohem,2000,32:1877-1883
235.孟庆杰,许艳丽,李春杰,等.2008.不同植被覆盖对黑土微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,27(7):1134-1140
236. Marschner H, R mheld V, Cakmak I.1987. Root-induced of nutrient availability in therhizosphere [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient,10(9-16):1175-1184
237. Schnoor J L, Licht L A, McCutcheon S C, et al. Phytoremediation of organic and nutrientcontaminants [J]. Environment Science&Techno1ogy.1995,29(7):318-323
238. Erickson L E, Banks M K, Davis L C, et al. Using vegetation to enhance in-situbioremediation[J]. Environ. Prog,1994,13:226-231
239. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, Oudot J. Biodegradation of fuel oilhydrocarbons in the rhizosphereof maize [J]. Environ. Qual.,200029:569-578
240. Ryan K M, Mary K F. Phenanthrene degrader communitydynamics in rhizosphere soil from acommon annual grass [J]. Environ. Qual.,2000,29:584-592
241. Olson, P E, Fletehe R. Field evaluation of mulberry root structure with regard tophytoremediation [J].Bioremediation Journal,1999,3:1-7
242. Cao H, Sun H, Yang H, et al. A review soil enzyme activity and its indication for soil quality[J]. China Appl.Environ.Bio.2003,9(1):105-109
243. Cai Y F, Liao ZW, Zhang J E, et al. Effect of ecological organ ir fertilizer on tomato bacterilwilt and soil microbial diversities [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(3):349-353
244. Menéndez-Vega, D, Gallego, J R, Peláez, A I, et al. In situ bioremediation of soil andgroundwater polluted with weathered hydrocarbons [J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2007,43:310-321
245.刘家女,周启星,孙挺,等.花卉植物应用于污染土壤修复的可行性研究[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1617-1623
246.马宏瑞,蔡勇,王晓蓉.制革污泥污染土壤中铬对小麦的富集及生化效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):246-251
247.王忠强,刘婷婷,孟宪民,等.泥炭保护紫花苜蓿根系对柴油污染土壤修复的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(3):421-425
248.张松林,赵首彩,田侠,等.土壤柴油污染对紫花苜蓿种子发芽率的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(5):88-89
249. Binet P, Poral J M, Leyval C. Disspat ion of3-6-ring polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon inrhizosphere of ryegrass. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32:2011-2017
250.丁克强,骆永明,刘世亮.黑麦草对土壤中苯并[a]芘动态变化的影响[J].土壤学报,200441(3):251-253
251.骆永明,刘世亮,等.黑麦草对菲污染土壤修复的初步研究[J].土壤,2002,34(4):233-236
252. Liste H H, Alexander M. Accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in rhizosphere soil[J].Chemosphere,2000,40:11-14
253. Phillips L A, Greer C W, Germida J J. Culture-based and culture-independent assessment ofthe impact of mixed and single plant treatments on rhizosphere microbial communities inhydrocarbon contaminated flare-pit soil [J]. Soil Biol Biochem2006,38:2823-2833
254. Xu S Y, Chen Y X, Wu W X, et al. Enhanced dissipation of Phenanthrene and pyrene inspiked oils by combined Plant cultivation [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2006,363:206-215
255. Bardgett R D, Lovell R D, Hobbs P J, et al.Seasonal changes in soil microbial communitiesalong a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1999,31:1021-1030
256. Kirk J L, Beaudette L A, Hart M, et.al.2004. Methods of studying soil microbial diversity [J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,58(2):169-188
2.夏永明,孙良康.石油储运过程环境污染控制[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1992
3. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment),2001. Canada Wide Standardsfor Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil. Winnipeg, Canada
4.曹云者,施烈焰,李丽和,李发生.石油烃污染场地环境风险评价与风险管理[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(3):265-272
5.李欣.油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺[J].环境工程,2003,21(3):58-59
6. Nyer E K, Skladany G J.1989. Relating the physical and chemical properties of petroleumhydrocarbons to soil and aquifer remediation [J]. Ground Water Monitoring Review,9(1):54-59
7.曾玉彬,黄峰,刘世海,等.钻井废弃物的生物处理技术研究进展[J].精细石油化工进展,2008(2):42-45.
8. Ren L, Huang T L.2000. Contamination of soils by petroleum [J]. Agro-EnvironmentalProtection,19(6):360-363
9.薛玉志,马云谦,李公让,等.海上废弃钻井液处理研究[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(5):12-16
10. Brodkorb, T S, Legge, R L. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in oil tar contaminatedsoils supplemented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.1992,58:3117-3121
11. Novotny, C, Svobodova, K, Erbanova, P, Cajthaml, T, Kasinath, A, Lang, E, Sasek, V.Ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation: extracellular enzyme production and degradation rate.Soil Biol. Biochem.2004,36,1545-1551
12. Das K, Mukherjee A K. Differential utilization of pyrene as the sole source of carbon byBacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; role of biosurfactants in enhancingbioavailability. Appl Microbiol.200,102:195-203
13.葛成军,俞花美.多环芳烃在土壤中的环境化学行为研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报，2006,14(1):162-165
14. Cunningham S D, Berti, W R, Huang J W. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils. TrendsBiotechnol.1995,13(39):3-7
15.高学晨,姜霞,区自清.多环芳烃在土壤中的行为[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):501-504
16.史红星,黄廷林.黄土地区土壤对石油类污染物吸附特性的实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2002,25(3):10-12
17.任华峰,单德臣,李淑芹.石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):373-376
18. Priha O, Grayston S J, Pennanen T, et al. Microbial activities related to C and N cy cling andmicr obial community structurein the rhizospheres of Pinussylvestris, Piceaabies and Betulapendula seedling s in an or ganic andmineral soil[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1999,30(2):187-199
19.许端平,王波.土壤中石油烃类污染物对高粱玉米的生长的影响研究[J].矿业快报,2006,12(12):28-30
20. Ogboghodo I A, Iruaga E K, Osemwota I O, Chokor J U. An assessment of the effects ofcrude oil pollution on soil properties, germination and growth of maize (Zeamays) using twocrude types Forcados light and Escravos light [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2004,96(1-3):143-152
21.吕志萍,程龙飞.石油污染土壤中石油含量对玉m的影响[J].油气田环境保护.2001,11(1):36-37
22.李小利,刘国彬,薛蓬,等.土壤石油污染对植物苗期生长和土壤呼吸的影[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):95-99
23.张大庚,依艳丽,郑西来.沈抚污水灌区石油烃对土壤及水稻的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):333-336
24. Baird, W M, Hooven, L A, Mahadevan, B. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–DNA adducts and mechanism of action [J]. Environ. Mol. Mutagen.2005,45:106-114
25. Lee R F. Photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity of crude and refined oils [J]. Spill Science andTechnology Bulletin.2003.8(2):157-162
26. Connor, K T, Aylward, L L. Human response to dioxin: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)molecular structure, function, and dose–response data for enzyme induction indicate animpaired human AhR [J]. Toxicol. Environ. Health B: Crit. Rev.2006,9:147-171.
27.王振刚.环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000
28. Shimada T, Guengerich F P. Inhibition of human cytochrome P4501A1,1A2, and1B1mediated activation of procarcinogens to genotoxic metabolites by polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. Chem. Res. Toxicol.2006.19,288-294
29. Klein C B, Broday L, Costa, M. Mutagenesis assays in mammalian cells [M]. Curr Protoc.Toxicol.2001.(Chapter3, Unit33)
30. Sinha R, Kulldorff M, Gunter M J, Strickland P, Rothman N. Dietary benzo(a)pyrene intakeand risk of colorectal adenoma[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2005,14:20-34
31. Knuckles M E, Inyang F, Ramesh A. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of fluoranthene in F-344rats [J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2004,59:102-108
32. US EPA, Introduction to Phytoremediation.EPA/600/R-99/107. Washington D C, February;Suthersan, S S.2002. Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems. Arcadis/LewisPublishers, London
33.唐世荣.污染环境植物修复的原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
34.西莫查K.净化污染土壤的新的有效技术[J].国外金属矿选矿,2001(2):43-45
35. Yateem A, Balba M T, El-Nawawy A S, Al-Awadhi N. Experiments in phytoremediation ofGulf War contaminated soil [J]. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup.1999,2:31-33
36.刘光全,王蓉莎,肖遥.含油污泥处理技术研究[J].重庆环境科学,1999,21(3):49-52
37. Sarkar D, FergusonM, Datta R et al. Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons inContaminated Soils: Comparison of Biosolids. Addition, Carbon Supplementation andMonitored Natural Attenuation [J]. Environmental Pollution,2005,136(1):187-195
38.顾传辉,陈桂珠.石油污染土壤生物降解生态条件研究[J].生态科学.2000,19(4):67-72
39. Aatry A R, Euis G M. Bioremediation: An effective remedied alternative for petroleumhydrocarbon contaminated soil.Environ [J].1992,11:312-318
40. Vance D. B. Phytoremediation: enhancing natural attunation processes [J]. NationalEnvironment al Journal,1996,6:30-31
41. Huang X D, EiAlawi Y, Penrose D M, Glick B R, Greenberg B M．A multiprocessphytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fromcontaminated soils [J]. Environmental Pollution.2004,130(3):465-476
42.张秀霞,周蕾,张云波.炼油厂含油污泥发酵处理的影响因素研究[J].炼油技术与工程,2006,36(9):58-62
43.罗士平,周国平,张齐.油田含油污泥处理工艺条件的研究[J].江苏工业学院学报2003,15(1):24-26
44.陈静,王学军,胡俊栋,等.腐植酸对土壤持留多环芳烃的影响.农业环境科学学报,2005,24(5):849-853
45. Oudot J, Merlin F X, Pinvidic P. Weathering rates of oil components in a bioremediationexperiment in estuarine sediments [J]. Mar Environ Res,1998,45(2):113-125
46.钱暑强,刘铮.污染土壤修复技术介绍[J].化工进展,2000,(4):10-12
47.赵荫薇,王世明,张建法.微生物处理地下水石油污染的应用研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(2):209-212
48. Bertrend J, Rambeloarisoa E. Microbial biodegradation of crude in seawater in continuousculture [J]. Bio-technol.Lett,1983,5(11):567-572.
49.郭婷,张承东,齐建超等，酵母菌-细菌联合修复石油污染土壤研究[J].环境科学研究,2009,12(22):1472-1477
50. wetzel S C, Banks M K, sehwalb A P. Rhizophere effects on the degradarion of Pyrene andanthracene in soil, In Phytoremediation of soil and water canraminants. Eds. Kruger E L,Allderson T A, Coats J R. Washington D C. Ameriean Chemical Soeicty,1997.254-262
51.邹德勋,骆永明,滕应,平立风,刘五星,李振高.多环芳烃长期污染土壤的微生物强化修复初步研究[J].土壤,2006,38(5):652-656
52. Mishra, P. K.et al. Enhanced soybean (Glycine max L.) plant growth and nodulation byBradyrhizobium japonicum-SB1in presence of Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1. Acta Agric.Scand. B Soil Plant Sci.2009,59,189-196
53.杨雪莲,李凤梅,刘婉婷,等.高效石油降解菌的筛选及其降解特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):230-233
54. Grosser R J, Warshawsky D, Vestal R. Indigenous and enhanced mineralization of pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene,and carbazolein soils[J]. Appl Environ Microb,1991,57:3462-3469
55.孙铁珩,周启星,李培军.污染生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:309-368.
56. Zhang K, Xu Y Y, Liu Z, et al. An intensified degradation of phenanthrene with macroporousalginate-lignin beads immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium[J].Biochemical EngineeringJournal,2008,41:251-257
57. Chakrabarty A M. Genetically-manipulated Microorgnisms and their products in theoilservice industries [J]. Trend in Biotechnology.1985,2(3):32-29
58. USEPA. Exposure factors handbook [R]. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa, Washington, D C.20460,Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U. S.Environmental Protection Agency: sec,1997:1-17
59.韩丽梅,王树起,鞠会艳,等.大豆根系分泌物的鉴定及其化感作用的初步研究[J].大豆科学,2000,19(2):119-125
60.吴辉,郑师章.根分泌物及其生态作用[J].生态学杂志,1992,11(6):42-47
61. Merkl,N, Schultze-Kraft, R, Infante, C. Phytoremediation in the tropics–influence of heavycrude oils on root morphological characteristics of graminoids[J]. Environmental Pollution.2005,138,86-91.
62. Chiapusio, G, Pujol, S, Toussaint, M L, Badot, P M., Binet, P. Phenanthrene toxicity anddissipation in rhizosphere of grassland plants(Lolium perenne L.and Trifolium pratense L.) inthree spiked soils [J]. Plant and Soil.2007,294,103-112
63. Yateem A, Balba M T, El-Nawawy A S, Al-Awadhi N. Experiments in phytoremediation ofGulf War contaminated soil [J]. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup.1999,2:31-33
64. Durmishidze S. V. Metabolism of certain air polluting organic compounds in plants (review)[J]. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol.1977,13(6):646
65.焦杏春,陈素华,沈伟然等.水稻根系对多环芳烃的吸着与吸收[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):760-764
66. Reilley K, Banks M K, Schwab A P. Dissipation of poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in therhizosphere [J]. Enviro Qual,1996,25:212-219.
67.彭胜巍.石油污染土壤的花卉植物修复研究[D].南开大学研究生院.2009,5:25-35
68. Phillips L A, Greer C W, Gemuda J J. Cultur-based and culture-independent assessment of theimpact of mixed and single plant treatments on rhizasphere plarepitsoil[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry.2006,38:2823-2833
69. Olson, P E, Castro, A, Joern, M, DuTeau, N M, Pilon Smits, E, Reardon, K F. Effects ofagronomic practices on phytoremediation of an aged PAH-contaminated soil[J]. Journal ofEnvironmental Quality.2008,37,1439-1446
70.欧阳威,刘红,于勇勇等.高羊茅对微生物强化修复石油污染土壤影响的研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,7(1):95-97
71. Nichols T D, Wolf D C, Rogers H B, et al. Rhizosphere microbial populations incontaminated soils [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.1997,95(14):165-178
72.许超,夏北成.土壤多环芳烃污染根际修复研究进展[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):216-222
73. Xu S Y, Chen Y X, Wu W X, et al. Enhanced dissipation of Phenanthrene and pyrene inspiked oils by combined Plant cultivation [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2006,363:206-215
74. Salanitro, J P, Dorn, P B, Huesemann, M H, et al.―Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediationand Soil Ecotoxicity Assessment,‖Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31,1769-1776
75. Degens B P. Microbia function al diversity can be influenced by the addition of simpleorganic substrates to soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30:1981-1988
76. GAO Y Z, ZHU L Z. Plant uptake, accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene andpyrene in soils [J]. Chemosphere,2004,55:1169-1178
77. Ortega, J J, Ball, W P, Schulin, R., et al. Bioavailability of pollutants and soil remediation [J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,36,1383-1384
78. Gunther T, Dornberger U, Frits che W. Effects of ryegrass on bioremediation of hydrocarbonsin soil [J]. Chemosphere.1996,33(2):203-215
79. Kong C H, Wang P, Zhao H, etal.I mpact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice onsoil microbial community [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40:1862-1869
80. Corey D B, Amanda K B, Joy B, et al. Root exudates regulate soil fungal communitycomposition and diversity [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(3):738-744
81. Mallakin A, Babu T S, Dixon D G, Greenberg, B M. Sites of toxicity of specificphotooxidation products of anthracene to higher plants: inhibition of photosynthetic activityand electron transport in Lemna gibba L.G-3(duck-weed)[J].Environmental Toxicology.2002,17,462-471.
82. Stoecker K, Bendinger B, Schoning B, et al. Cohn's Crenothrix is a filamentous methaneoxidizer with an unusual methane monooxygenase. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America,2006,103(7):2363-2367
83. Wild S. R, Jones K. C. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludgeamended soil [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality.1992,21:217-225
84. Killham, K. Soil Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1994
85. Steenwerth K L, Jackson L E, Calderón F J, Stromberg M R, Scow KM Soil microbialcommunity composition and land use history in cultivated and grassland ecosystems ofcoastal California [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34,1599-1611
86. Mackova M, Macek T, Kucerova P, Polachova I, Burkhard J, Triska I. The beneficial effectsof plant on detoxification of environmental pollutants [J]. Biologia,1999:76-79
87.戈峰.2002.现代生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,252-254
88. Calderón F J, Jackson L E, Scow K M, Rolston D E. Microbial responses to simulated tillagein cultivated and uncultivated soils [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32,1547-1559
89. Marschner H. Romheld V, zhang F, et al. Mobilization of mineral nutrients in the rhizosphere:by root exudates Transactions14th Interna. Congress of Soil Sci,1990,4:158-163
90. McCarthy C M, Murray L. Viability and metabolic features of bacteria indigenous to acontaminated deep aquifer [J]. Microbial Ecol.,1996,32:305-321
91. Cieslinski G K. Van-Rees C J, Szmigielska A M, Huang P M. Low moleeular weight organicacids released from roots of durum wheat and flax into sterile nutrient solutions. Plant Nutr,1997,20(6):753-764
92. Singh C, Lin J. Isolation and characterization of diesel oil degrading indigenousmicroorganisms in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa [J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2008,7(12):1927-1932
93. Andren O, Baalandreau, J. Biodiversity and soil functioning from black box to can of worms[J]. Applied Soil Ecology.1999,13:105-108
94. Xiao-Dong Huang, You sef El Alawi, Donna M. Penrose, Bernard R. Glick, Bruce M.Greenberg. A multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons from contaminated soils [J]. Environmental Pollution.2004,130:465-476
95. Jiehua Y, Owen Ward. Investigation of the Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol by thePredominant Bacterial Strains in a Mixed Culture [J]. Inremational fliodeteriorution&Biodqrudation1996,1:181-187
96.史刚荣.植物根系分泌物的生态效应[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):97-101
97. Huang P M, Bollag, J M. Minerals-organics-microorganisms interaction in the soilenvironment. In: Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles (Eds Huang, PM, Senesi,N, Bollag, J-M.), New York: John Wiley and Sons.1998,155-182
98.张福锁.根系分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(2):63-67
99.李良谟,范晓晖,等.根际酶的研究概况[J].土壤,1993,25(6):299-303
100. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, Oudot, J. Phytotoxicity and plant uptake of fuel oil hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality.1997,26,1478-1483
101. Bezemer T M, Lawson C S, Heldund K., et al. Plant species and functional group effects onabiotic and microbial soil properties and plantesoil feedback responses in two grasslands.Journal of Ecology,2006,94,893-904
102. Hooper D.U, Chapin F S, Ewel, J.J, Hector, A, et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystemfunctioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs,2005,75:3-35
103. Warhurst A W, Clarke K F, Hill R A, et al. Production of catechols and muconic acids fromvarious aromatics by the styrene-degrader Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB13259[J].Biotechnology Letters,1994,16:513-516
104. Bossio D A, Scow K M, Gunapala N, et al. Determinants of Soil Microbial Communities:Effect s of Agricultural Management, Season, and Soil Type on Phospholipid Fatty AcidProfiles[J]. Microb. Ecol,1998,36(1):1-12
105. Zelles L. Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharidesin thecharacterisationof microbial communities in soil: a review [J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils,1999,29:111-129
106. Zelles L, Bai Q Y, Beck T, Beese F. Signature fatty acids in phospholipids andlipopolysaccharides as indicators of microbial biomass and community structure inagricultural soils [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1992,24,317-323
107. Sugiura K, Ishihara M，Harayama S T. Physicochemical properties and biodegradability ofcrude oil [J]. Environ Sci Technol,1997,31(1):45-51
108. Green C T, Scow K M. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) to characterize microbialcommunities in aquifers [J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2000,8:126-141
109. Frosteg rd, B th E, Tunlio A. Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities inlimed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1993,25,723-730
110.姚德明,许华夏,张海荣,等.石油污染土壤生物修复过程中微生物生态研究[J].生态学杂志,2002,21(1):26-28
111. Chaineau CH,Morel J L,Oudot J. Microbial degradation in soil microcosms of fuel oilhydrocarbons from drilling cutting[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1995,29:1615-1621
112. Volkering F, Breure A M, Rulkens W H. Microbiological aspects of surfactant use forbiological soil remediation [J]. Biodegradation,1998,8:401-417
113. Grosser R J, Warshawsky D, Vestal R. Indigenous and enhanced mineralization ofpyrene,benzo[a]pyrene and carbazole in soils[J]. Appl. Environ. Microb,1991,57:3462-3469
114.丁克强,孙铁珩,李培军.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):50-55
115. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX, Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs),1996
116. Colorado BLM Policy for the On-Site Remediation of RCRA Exempt, Hydrocarbon Based,Oil and Gas Exploration&Production Waste and Terrestrial Spills of Crude Oil (June,1997)
117. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Soil Screening Guidance: TechnicalBackground Document, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, EPA/540/R-95/128,Washington, D.C.(1996)
118. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Method3540C-Soxhlet extraction.Revision3. SW846test methods for evaluating solid wastes;1996. Maliszewska-KordybachB, Smreczak B, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A. Effects of anthropopressure and soil properties on theaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upper layer of soils in selectedregions of Poland. Appl Geochem2009,24:1918-1926
119. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Regional screening levels for chemicalcontaminants at superfund sites. Regional screening table. User's guide;2011. http://www.epa. Gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration-table/usersguide.htm (Access date:July2011
120. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), Interim CanadianEnvironmental Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites. CCME EPC-CS34Winnipeg,Manitoba (1991)
121. Cachada A, Pato P, Rocha-Santos T, et al. Levels, sources and potential human health risks oforganic pollutants in urban soils [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,430:184-192
122. American Petroleum Institute (API),―Evaluation of Limiting Constituents Suggested forLand Disposal of Exploration and Production Wastes,‖Publication Number4527(July1991)
123. Kipopoulou A M, Manoli E, Samara C. Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area [J]. Environmental Pollution1999,106:369-380
124. Wild S R, Jones K C. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdomenvironment: A preliminary source inventory and budget[J]. Environmental Pollution1995,88:91-108
125. Paterson S. and McKay D. A model illustrating the environmental fate, exposure and humanuptake of persistent organic chemicals [J]. Ecol. Modelling.1989,47,85-114
126. New Mexico,―Guidelines for Remediation of Leaks, Spills and Releases,‖New Mexico OilConservation Division (August13,1993)
127. CCME(Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment).1996b．CCME-EPC-10lE AProtocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil QualityGuidelines[S].Ottawa，Canada: CCME
128. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). Polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. Canadian soil quality guidelines for protection of environmental and humanhealth. Canadian soil quality guidelines2010. http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/
129. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Statewide Order29-B, Drilling and Production,Chapter X V, Office of Conservation (1986)
130. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, and Oudot J.―Phytotoxicity and Plant Uptake of Fuel OilHydrocarbons,‖J. Environ. Qual.1997,26,1478-1483
131. Salanitro J P, Dorn P B, Huesemann, M H, et al.―Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediationand Soil EcotoxicityAssessment,‖Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31,1769-1776
132. Malcolm H M, Dobson S. The Calculation of an Environmental Assessment Level (EAL) forAtmospheric PAHs Using Relative Potencies [J]. Department of the Environment, London,UK,1994,34-46
133. American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM, Standard Guide for Corrective ActionApplied at Petroleum Release Sites, ASTM E1739-95, American Society for Testing andMaterials, West Conshohocken, PA (1995)
134. BIBRA International,1995. A Critical Review of the Methodology for the Estimation ofDietary Intake of Food Chemicals in the UK. MAFF Report,1A005
135. Efroymson, R A,Will, M E,Suter, G W., and Wooten, A.C., Toxicological Benchmarks forContaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants:1997Revision.ES/ER/TM-85/R3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (1997)
136. McMillen, S J, Magaw, R I, Deeley, G, Kerr, J M., and Edwards, D.A.,―A Risk-BasedScreening Method for Evaluating Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon at Upstream Sites,‖presented at the1999SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference,Austin, Texas (February28-March3,1999
137. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETC),2001. ExposureFactors Sourcebook for European Populations (with Focus on UK Data). Technical ReportNo.79, Brussels
138.高继军,张力平,黄圣标,等．北京市饮用水源蕈金属污染物健康风险的初步评价[J].环境科学,2004,25(5):47-50
139.仇付国,王晓昌.污水再生利用的健康风险评价方法[J].环境污染与防治,2003,25(1):49-51
140.赵沁娜,徐启新.城市土地置换过程中土壤多环芳烃污染的健康风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(3):286-289
141.曾光明,卓利,钟政林,等.水环境健康风险评价模型及其应用[J].水电能源科学,1997,15(4):28-33
142.王宗爽,段小丽,刘平等.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境科学研究,2009,10(22):1164-1170
143.杨宇,胡建英,陶湗.天津地区癌症风险的预期寿命损失[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):69-73
144. USEPA. Exposure factors handbook [R]. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa, Washington, D C.20460,Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U. S.Environmental Protection Agency: sec,1997:1-17
145. Nisbet I T, LaGoy P K. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs)[J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,1992,16:290-300
146. Muller P, Leece B, Raha D. Scientific Criteria Document for multimedia EnvironmentalStandards Development: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Part1. Dose ResponseAssessment, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Ottawa, Ontario,1996,203
147. Wester R C, Maibach H I, Bucks D A W, et al. Percutaneous absorption of (14C) DDT and(14C) Benzo(a)pyrene from soil [J]. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology.1990,5:510-516
148. Bostr m C E, Gerde P, Hanberg A, et al. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelinesfor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air [J]. Environ Health Perspect.2002,110(Suppl3):451-488
149. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETC),2001. ExposureFactors Sourcebook for European Populations (with Focus on UK Data). Technical ReportNo.79, Brussels
150. National Rivers Authority (NRA),1990. SIMCAT Consent Setting Model-User Guide. TheNational Rivers Authority’s R&D Programme. Project No.022, Output Ref P-61, NRABristol
151. Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency(DEFRA),2002. The Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) model: TechnicalBasis and Algorithms, CLR10
152. TPHCWG, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Working Groups Series, Volume5Human HealthRisk-Based Evaluation of Petroleum Release Sites: Implementing the Working GroupApproach, in Press (1999)
153. Judith P, Tom C, Mike S. Risk based contaminated land investigation and assessment [M].Chichester, New York: Wiley,1997
154. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment).1996.CCME-BPC-101E AProtocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality Guidelines [S]Ottawa Canada, CCME
155. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency.Contaminants in soil: collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans, benzo [a]pyrene [R]. UK: Defra and Environmental Agency,2002,1-24
156. Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo J L. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samplesfrom Tarragona County, Spain [J]. Environmental Pollution,2004,132:1-11
157.李新荣等.北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,8(28):1759-1765
158. Smith M D, D C Hartnett, G W T Wilson. Interacting influence of mycorrhizal symbiosisand competition on plant diversity in tallgrass prairie. Ocologia,1999,121:574-582
159. Cha D K, et al. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAM E) analysis form onit oring Nocardia levels inactivat ed sludge [J]. Wat. Res.1999,38(8):1964-1966.
160. Hackl E, Pfeffer M, Donat C, et al.2005. Composition of the microbial communities in themineral soil under different types of natural forest [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(4):661-671
161.李春荣,王文科,曹玉清.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2):234-238
162. Torsvik, Thingstad T F.2002. Prokaryotic diversity-magnitude, dynamics and controllingfactors [J]. Science,296(5570):1064-1066
163. Nannipieri P, Ascher J, Ceccherini M T, et al.2003. Microbial diversity and soil functions [J].European Journal of Soil Science,54(4):655-670
164. Valentina murgina, Mikhail Arinbasarow. Bioremediation of oil polluted aquatic system andsoil with novel preparation[J].Bioremediation.2000,11:385-389
165.沈德中.污染环境的生物修复[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:15-21
166.王庆仁,刘秀梅,崔岩山等.土壤与水体有机污染的生物修复及其应用研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,21(1):159-163
167. B ehme L, Langer U, B ehme F. Microbial biomass, enzyme activities and microbialcommunity structure in two European long-term field experiments[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2005,109:141-152
168. Baath E, Anderson T H. Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient usingphysiological and PLFA-based techniques [J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35(7):955-963
169. Torsvik V L, Goksoyr J, Daae F L. High diversity in DNA of soil bacteria [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,1990,56:782-787
170. Mentzer J L, Goodman R M, Balser T C. Microbial response over time to hydrologic andfertilization treatments in a simulated wet prairie [J]. Plant and Soil,2006,284:85-100
171. Findlay, R H.,2004. Determination of microbial community structure using phospholipidfatty acid profiles. In: Kowalchuk, G A., de Bruijn, F J., Head, I M., Akkermans, A D, vanElsas, J D.(Eds.), Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual. Springer, Dordrecht, pp.983-1004
172. Rajendran N, Matsuda O, Imamura N, et al. Variation in microbial biomass and communitystructure in sediments of eutrophic baysas determined by phospholipid ester-linked fattyacids[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1992,58(2):562-571
173. Bossio D A, S cow K M, GunapalaN, et al. Determinants of soil microbial communities:effects of agricultural management season and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles[J].Microbial Ecology,1998,36:1-12
174. Song Yu fang, Xu Huaxia, Sun Tieheng. Plant remediation of PLFAs and mineral oilcontaminated soil in wet land [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(sup.):99-102
175. Nayyar A, Hamel C, Lafond G, Gossen B D, Hanson K, Germida. Soil microbial qualityassociated with yield reduction in continuous-pea [J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,43,115-121
176.李清波,左元梅,张福锁.玉米和花生根际生物的原位观察初探[J].微生物学通报,2004,31(1):6-10
177. Grayston S J, Prescott C E.2005. Microbial communities in forest floors under four treespecies in coastal British Columbia [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(6):1157-1167.
178. Hackl E, Pfeffer M, Donat C, et al.2005. Composition of the microbial communities in themineral soil under different types of natural forest [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,37(4):661-671
179.顾美英,徐万里,茆军,等.新疆绿洲农田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物群落多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(10):3031-3040
180.国家药典委员会.2005.中国药典（一部）[S].北京:化学工业出版社,177-178
181.鲁如坤.2000.土壤农化分析[M].北京,农业科学与技术出版社.
182. Bligh E G and Dyer W J.1959. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification [J].Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology,37(8):911-917
183. Vance E D, Brookes P C, Jenkinson D S. An ex traction method for measuring soil microbialbiomass [J].Soil Biology and Bio-chemistry,1987,19:703-707
184.林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):63-66
185. Boehm M J, Madden L V, Hitink H A. Effect of organic matter decomposition level onbacterial species diversity and composition in relation to Pythium damping-off severity [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology.1993,59:4171-4179
186. Maloney P E, Bruggen A H C, Hu S. Bacterial community structure in relation to the carbonenvironments in lettuce and tomato rhizospheres and in bulk soil [J]. Microbial Ecology,1997,34:109-117
187. Green C T, Scow K M. Analysis of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFA) to characterizemicrobial communities in aquifers[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2000,8:126-141
188. Vestal J R, White D C. Lipid analysis in microbial ecology: Quantitative approaches to thestudy of microbial communities [J]. Bioscience,1989,39:535-541
189. Steinberger Y, ZellesL, Bal Q Y, et al Phospholipid fatty acid profiles as indicators for themicrobial community structure in soils along a clmiatic transect in the Judean Desert [J]. BioFertil Soils,1999,28:292-300
190. B th E, Anderson T. Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient usingphysiological and PLFA-based techniques [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,200335,955-963
191. Pankhurst C E, Yu S, Hawke B G, Harch B D. Capacity of fatty acid profiles and substrateutilization patterns to describe differences in soil microbial communities associated withincreased salinity or alkalinity at three locations in South Australia [J]. Biol Fertil Soils.2001,33:4-17
192. Haack S K, Garchow H D. Odelson, A, et al. Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation offatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol.1994,60:2483-2493
193. Nielsen P, Petersen S O. Ester-linked polar lipid fatty acid profiles of soil microbialcommunities: a comparison of extraction methods and evaluation of interference from humicacids [J]. Soil Biol. Biochem.2000,32:12-41
194. Alvarez M A D, Gagne S, Antoun L. Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of thetomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,1995,61:194-199
195. Deyn,G B. Cornelissen,J H, Bardgett, R.D. Plant functional traits and soil carbonsequestration in contrasting biomes[J]. Ecology Letters.2008,11:516
196. Gül in I. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid)[J]. Toxicology,2006,217(23):213-220
197. Braun, Luiiemann A, Huttermann A, Majcherczyk A. creening of ectomycorrhizal fungi fordegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1999,53(1):127-132
198.旷远文,温达志,钟传文,等.根系分泌物及其在植物修复中的作用[J].植物生态学报,2003,27:709-711
199. Bauhus J, Khanna P K, Menden N. Aboveground and belowground interactions in mixedplantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii [J]. Canadian Journal of ForestResearch,2000,30(12):1886-1894
200. Lynch J M, Whipps J M. Substrate flow in the rhizosphere [M]. Plant and Soil,1990,129:170
201. Marschner H, R mheld V, Cakmak I. Root-induced of nutrient availability in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient,1987,10(916):1175-1184
202. Hua Zhao zhe, Chen Yan, Du Guo-cheng, et al. Effects of Biosurfactants Produced bvCandida Antarctica on the Biodegradation of Petroleum Compounds[J]. World Journal ofMicrobiology＆Biotechnology,2004,20:5-29
203. Kaimi E, Mukaidani T, Miyoshi S, Tamaki M. Ryegrass enhancement of biodegradationdiesel contaminatad soil [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany.2006,55(2):110-119
204. Elroy A. Rhizosphere, Springer-verlag Beidelberg [M]. New York, Tokyo.1986,55-91
205. Landi L, Valori F, Ascher J, et al. Root exudate effects on the bacterial communities, CO2evolution, nitrogen transformations and ATP content of rhizosphere and bulk soils. SoilBiology and Biochemistry,2006,38:509-516
206. Wiltse C C, Rooney W.L., Chen Z., et a1. Greenhouse evaluation of agronomic and crude oilphytoremediation potential among alfalfa genotypes [J]. Environmental Qua1ity1998,27:168-171
207. Nayyar A, Hamel C, Lafond G, Gossen B D, Hanson K, Germida J. Soil microbial qualityassociated with yield reduction in continuous-pea [J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,43,115-121
208. Riser-Roberts E.1998. Remediation of petroleum contaminated soils: biological, physical,and chemical process [M]. Boca Raton London New York Washington, D C, LEWISPUBLISHERS
209. Stanislaw B, Jolanta E B, Patryk O. Enzymatic activity in an airfield soil polluted withpolycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons [J]. Geoderma,2004, l18:221-232
210. Ling W T, Gao Y Z. Promoted dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils by amaranth(Ama ran thus tri-color L.)[J].Environ Geol,2004,46(5):553-560
211. Margesin R, Walder G, Sehinner F. The impact of hydrocarbon remediation(diesel oil andpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)on enzyme activities and microbial properties of soil[J].Acta Biotechnol,2000,20:313-333
212. Malallah G, Afzal M, Kurian M, et al. Impact of oil pollution on some desert plants[J].Environment International,1998,24(8):919-924
213. Khan, R A. Petroleum biodegradation and spill bioremediation [J]. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol,1993,50:125-131
214. Mohn, W W, Radziminski, C Z, Fortin, M C&Reimer, K J. On site bioremediation ofhydrocarbon contaminated Arctic tundra soils in inoculated biopiles [J]. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology,2001,57,242-247
215. Rajendran N, Nagatomo Y. Seasonal changes in sedimentary microbial communities of twoeutrophic bays as estimated bybiomarkers [J]. Hydrobiologia,1999,393:117-125
216. Spedding T A, Hamel C, Mehuys G R, et al. Soil microbial dynamics in maize-growing soilunder different tillage and residue management systems [J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36:499-512
217. Jiao xing chun, Tao Shu, Chen Suhua et al. Partition of PAHs in Rice Shoots and theInfluencing Factors [J]. Joumal of Agro-Envimnment Science
218.黄艺,姜学艳,陶澍.菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物的生物降解[J].土壤与环境.2002,11(3):221-226
219. Song Yufang, Xu Huaxia, Sun Tieheng. Plant remediation of PLFAs and mineral oilcontaminated soil in wet land. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(sup.):99-102(inChinese)
220. Bardgett R D, LovellR D, Hobbs P J, e t al. Sesaonal changes in soil microbial communitiesalong a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31:1021-1030
221. Schutter M E, Sandeno J M, Dick R P. Seasonal, soil type and alternative managementinfluences on microbial communities of vegetable cropping systems [J]. Biology and Fertilityof Soils,2001,34:397-410
222.刘继朝,崔岩山,张燕平,等.植物与微生物对石油污染土壤修复的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(2):80-83
223. Jones D L. Organic acids in the rhizosphere: a critical review [J]. Plant and Soil,1998,205(1):25-44
224.白永飞,许志信,李德新.羊草草原群落生物量动态研究[J].中国草地,1994,3:1-59
225.成文联,柳海鹰,王世东.生物量与其影响因素之间关系的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(3):285-289
226.涂书新,孙锦荷,郭智芬等.植物根系分泌物与根际营养关系评述[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):64-67
227. Ke L, Wang W Q, Wong T W, et al. Removal of pyrene from contaminated sediments bymangrove microcosms [J]. Chemosphere,2003,51(1):25-34
228. Whipps J M. The inflence of the rhizosphere on crop productivity[J]. Adv. Microb. Ecol1986,6:137-240
229. Anderson T A, Guthrie E A, Walton BT. Bioremediation in the rhizophere, plant roots andassociated microbes clean contaminated soil [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol,1993,27:2630-2636
230. ZhangY, Maier W J, Miller R M. Effect of rhamnolipids on the dissolution, bioavailahility,and biodegradation of phenanthrene [J]. Environ Sci Tectmol,1997,31:2211-2217
231.万大娟,贾晓珊,陈娴.多氯代有机污染物胁迫下植物某些根系分泌物的变化[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,1(1):110-113
232. Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et.al.2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: currentknowledge and future challenges [J]. Science.294:804-808
233. O'Donnell A G, G rres H E.1999.16S rDNA methods in soil microbiology [J]. CurrentOpinion in Biotechnology,10(3):225-229
234. Pascual J A, Garcia C, Hemandez T, et al. Soil microbial activity as an biomarker ofdegradation and remediation processes [J]. Soil Biol. Bioohem,2000,32:1877-1883
235.孟庆杰,许艳丽,李春杰,等.2008.不同植被覆盖对黑土微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,27(7):1134-1140
236. Marschner H, R mheld V, Cakmak I.1987. Root-induced of nutrient availability in therhizosphere [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient,10(9-16):1175-1184
237. Schnoor J L, Licht L A, McCutcheon S C, et al. Phytoremediation of organic and nutrientcontaminants [J]. Environment Science&Techno1ogy.1995,29(7):318-323
238. Erickson L E, Banks M K, Davis L C, et al. Using vegetation to enhance in-situbioremediation[J]. Environ. Prog,1994,13:226-231
239. Chaineau C H, Morel J L, Oudot J. Biodegradation of fuel oilhydrocarbons in the rhizosphereof maize [J]. Environ. Qual.,200029:569-578
240. Ryan K M, Mary K F. Phenanthrene degrader communitydynamics in rhizosphere soil from acommon annual grass [J]. Environ. Qual.,2000,29:584-592
241. Olson, P E, Fletehe R. Field evaluation of mulberry root structure with regard tophytoremediation [J].Bioremediation Journal,1999,3:1-7
242. Cao H, Sun H, Yang H, et al. A review soil enzyme activity and its indication for soil quality[J]. China Appl.Environ.Bio.2003,9(1):105-109
243. Cai Y F, Liao ZW, Zhang J E, et al. Effect of ecological organ ir fertilizer on tomato bacterilwilt and soil microbial diversities [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(3):349-353
244. Menéndez-Vega, D, Gallego, J R, Peláez, A I, et al. In situ bioremediation of soil andgroundwater polluted with weathered hydrocarbons [J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2007,43:310-321
245.刘家女,周启星,孙挺,等.花卉植物应用于污染土壤修复的可行性研究[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1617-1623
246.马宏瑞,蔡勇,王晓蓉.制革污泥污染土壤中铬对小麦的富集及生化效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):246-251
247.王忠强,刘婷婷,孟宪民,等.泥炭保护紫花苜蓿根系对柴油污染土壤修复的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(3):421-425
248.张松林,赵首彩,田侠,等.土壤柴油污染对紫花苜蓿种子发芽率的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(5):88-89
249. Binet P, Poral J M, Leyval C. Disspat ion of3-6-ring polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon inrhizosphere of ryegrass. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32:2011-2017
250.丁克强,骆永明,刘世亮.黑麦草对土壤中苯并[a]芘动态变化的影响[J].土壤学报,200441(3):251-253
251.骆永明,刘世亮,等.黑麦草对菲污染土壤修复的初步研究[J].土壤,2002,34(4):233-236
252. Liste H H, Alexander M. Accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in rhizosphere soil[J].Chemosphere,2000,40:11-14
253. Phillips L A, Greer C W, Germida J J. Culture-based and culture-independent assessment ofthe impact of mixed and single plant treatments on rhizosphere microbial communities inhydrocarbon contaminated flare-pit soil [J]. Soil Biol Biochem2006,38:2823-2833
254. Xu S Y, Chen Y X, Wu W X, et al. Enhanced dissipation of Phenanthrene and pyrene inspiked oils by combined Plant cultivation [J]. Science of the Total Environment,2006,363:206-215
255. Bardgett R D, Lovell R D, Hobbs P J, et al.Seasonal changes in soil microbial communitiesalong a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1999,31:1021-1030
256. Kirk J L, Beaudette L A, Hart M, et.al.2004. Methods of studying soil microbial diversity [J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,58(2):169-188
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |