基于非嵌段双亲大分子改性碳纳米管功能涂层的研究
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摘要
自碳纳米管被发现后，其独特的形态和结构吸引了众多研究者来探索其新的性能。然而，由于碳纳米管高的比表面积和管间强的范德华力使其非常容易发生团聚，导致碳纳米管几乎不溶于任何溶剂。此外，由于其特殊的石墨烯结构，碳纳米管与聚合物间不相容，与聚合物之间的界面作用非常弱，从而使其在聚合物等材料中无法分散，极大的限制了其应用领域。因此，需对碳纳米管进行改性以提高其在溶剂及聚合物中的分散性和加工性，以满足应用需求。
双亲大分子的亲水性链段和疏水性链段能以特定的方式排列在同一分子链上，其最大的特点是能够在一定条件下发生自组装行为，形成各种有序的纳米微相结构，如球形、棒状、囊泡、由小胶束形成的大复合胶束等。根据双亲性大分子独特的性质，利用其分子链或者组装胶束改性碳纳米管，制备的纳米复合材料将具备很多优异的性能，在涂料等领域具有潜在的应用价值。然而，该研究领域的构建单元主要以嵌段双亲大分子为主。其合成相对困难,故规模化应用受到限制。非嵌段双亲大分子简单易得、来源丰富,较之于嵌段大分子而言更有潜在的应用价值。
本文设计合成了一系列非嵌段双亲性大分子对碳纳米管进行了非共价改性，研究了其在功能涂层材料中的应用。具体研究内容分为以下几个部分：（1）水溶性光敏环糊精改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层中的应用
以环氧氯丙烷为桥接单元，水溶性的α-环糊精与7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素反应，制备了α-CD-C。用氢核磁共振(1H-NMR)、液质联用(HLPC-MS)等表征了α-CD-C的结构。紫外光二聚实验表明, α-CD-C可在365nm光照下进行光二聚反应,且可在随后的254nm光照下进行解二聚反应。通过比较该交替光照下的光二聚反应程度,发现该光二聚反应仅部分可逆。此后，研究了水体系下α-CD-C分散碳纳米管。透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明：α-CD-C成功的对碳纳米管进行了改性，并研究了其在传感涂层中的应用。（2）双亲大分子P(St/VM-co-MA)改性碳纳米管制备传感涂层
以苯乙烯（St）、7-（4-乙烯基苄氧基-4-甲基香豆素（VM）和马来酸酐(MA)为共聚单体，合成了光敏双亲大分子聚（苯乙烯-7-（4-乙烯基苄氯氧基-4-甲基香豆素-马来酸酐）P(St/VM-co-MA)，利用1H-NMR对所得共聚物结构进行了表征，使其在选择性溶剂(DMF/H2O)中自组装形成胶束，研究了胶束包裹分散碳纳米管的行为。用傅里叶红外、拉曼光谱、TEM和SEM表征了自组装胶束分散碳纳米管的结构及形态。结果表明：大分子组装胶束改性后的碳纳米管分散液稳定，在碳纳米管的表面形成了稳定的形貌，双亲大分子改性的碳纳米管的分散行为及其稳定性都明显提高。此外，将改性后的碳纳米管分散液应用于传感涂层材料。实验结果表明，传感涂层在对气体的检测中，具有良好的响应性和回复性。用改性后的碳纳米管分散液修饰玻碳电极制备电化学传感涂层，在抗坏血酸的存在下对多巴胺进行检测，结果表明，传感涂层可对不同浓度的多巴胺进行检测，且能消除抗坏血酸的干扰,对多巴胺的检测下限为5×10~(-8)mol/L。（3）双亲性光电活性大分子改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层中的应用
以光敏性苯乙烯类单体（VM）、电活性苯乙烯类单体（VCz）和马来酸酐（MA）为共聚单体，利用自由基共聚的方式合成了类交替共聚物P(VM/VCz-co-MA)，通过FTIR、~1H-NMR等手段对其结构进行了表征。共聚物在选择性溶剂中可自组装形成稳定的胶束，利用紫外光谱（UV）、TEM等对胶束进行了表征。利用所合成双亲大分子改性碳纳米管，所得碳纳米管分散液具有良好的稳定性。并通过紫外光谱、TEM、SEM、热失重(TGA)、拉曼激光光谱等对改性后的碳纳米管进行了表征．实验结果表明，随着聚合物中咔唑基团含量的增加，双亲大分子对碳纳米管的分散能力增强。研究了P(VM/VCz-co-MA)改性碳纳米管在气体传感及电化学传感涂层材料中的应用，用改性后的碳纳米管分散液修饰过的玻碳电极通过测试其循环伏安曲线在抗坏血酸的存在下对多巴胺进行检测，结果表明，随着有机蒸汽的吸附，碳纳米管的电阻增大，电化学传感涂层可对不同浓度的多巴胺进行检测，且能消除抗坏血酸的干扰。（4）支化型双亲大分子改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层和超疏水导电涂料中的应用
利用对乙烯基卞硫醇（VBT)为链转移单体，以苯乙烯、马来酸酐为聚合主单体，通过巯基链转移支化聚合法合成了支化聚苯乙烯马来酸酐（BPSMA）。改变支化单体的摩尔投料量、聚合时间，通过与线性PSMA的结构性能进行比较及分子量、粘度、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、转化率等表征，证明了BPSMA的支化结构。并研究了支化单体含量、聚合时间对BPSMA的自组装行为影响，通过动态激光光散射（DLS）、TEM表征胶束的粒径大小和形态。利用有机-无机杂化技术，在γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷存在下，BPSMA非共价键改性多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）。改性后的多壁碳纳米管与硅酸四乙酯在乙醇中，与含氟硅烷相互作用，然后进行热处理，制备了的超疏水导电涂料, SEM观察到涂层具有微米和纳米级的层次结构。此外,对碳纳米管的加入量、固化温度对涂料的性能的影响进行了系统的研究，结果表明，碳纳米管的加入量越大，涂层疏水性越强，导电性越好；固化温度越高，涂层稳定性越好，当碳纳米管含量10wt%时，接触角为180°，电阻为7.2×10~5。
综上所述，利用合成的一系列非嵌段双亲大分子并对碳纳米管进行了改性，对其在功能涂层材料中的应用性能也进行了研究，得到了一些颇具新意的结果。
Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, its unique shape and structure has attractedmany researchers to explore its new performance. However, due to carbon nanotubes withhigh specific surface area and strong van der Waals force makes it very easy to agglomerate,leading to carbon nanotubes almost insoluble in any solvent. In addition, due to its specialgraphene structure, carbon nanotubes can not be dispersed in the polymer and other materials,which greatly limit its application fields. Therefore, carbon nanotubes should be modified toimprove its dispersibility in solvents and the polymers, in order to meet the applicationrequirements.
Hydrophilic segments and hydrophobic segments of amphiphilic macromolecular can bearranged in the same molecular chain by a particular way, and its biggest feature is the abilityto self-assembly behavior under certain conditions. Amphiphilic macromolecular can form avariety of ordered nano-phasestructure, such as spherical, rod-like, vesicles and compositemicelles formed by small micelles. According to the unique property of the amphiphilicmacromolecular, its molecular chains and self-assembled micelles can be used to modifycarbon nanotubes, and the prepared nanocomposites have many excellent performances in thefield of coatings and other potential application fields. However, the construction unit of theresearch area is block polymer. Because of its synthesis is relatively difficult, which limitstheir large-scale applications. Compared with block amphiphilic macromolecules, Non-blockamphiphilic macromolecules is simple and easy to obtain, rich source, and have morepotential application value.
The paper design and synthesis a series of non-block amphiphilic macromolecules tomodify carbon nanotubes base on non-covalently interaction. The application in the functionalcoatings was researched, and the contents are divided into the following sections:
(1) Carbon nanotubes were modified by water-soluble photosensitive α-cyclodextrin and itsapplication in sensor coatings
First, using epichlorohydrin as the bridged unit, water-soluble α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)was introduced to modify7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and prepare α-CD-C. α-CD-C wascharacterized with1H-NMR and HPLC-MS. The photo-dimerization experiment showed thatα-CD-C could photo-dimerize upon365nm irradiation, and then photo-de-crosslink upon thesubsequent254nm irradiation. Next, α-CD-C was used to disperse carbon nanotubes in water.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)demonstrated that carbon nanotubes was successful modified by α-CD-C, and its applicationin sensor coatings were studied.
(2) Carbon nanotubes were modified by amphiphilic macromolecular P(St/VM-co-MA) toprepare sensor coatings
Photosensitive amphiphilic macromolecular P(St/VM-co-MA) was synthesized withstyrene (St), styrene-containing photosensitive monomer7-(4-vinylbenzyloxy)-4-methyl coumarin (VM) and maleic anhydride (MA) via free radical copolymerization. The structureof P(St/VM-co-MA) was characterized by1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).P(St/VM-co-MA) could form micelles in the selective solvent N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF)/H2O. UV-Vis spectrum indicating the photodimerization reaction of P(St/VM-co-MA)micelles. The multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were encapsulated in the formedmicelles through non-covalent interactions. The formed structures were novel nanocompositeswhich were confirmed by TEM, SEM, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The results showedthat the dispersion performance of the obtained micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes inwater was greatly improved compared to the pure carbon nanotubes. From the TEMobservation, the individual MWCNTs structure and the uniform polymer coating around thesurface of MWCNTs were seen after crosslinking. In addition, the prepared materials wereused in sensor coating, the response and recovery properties of the coatings were measured. Itwas showed that the resistance of sensors inereased with increasing content of gas. Amodified glassy-carbon (GC) electrode by P(St/VM-co-MA) has been successfully developedsensor coatings for determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). Itcan be concluded from the result that the respond changes within different concentration ofDA. Interference from AA was effectively eliminated and the detection limit was5×10-8mol/L.
(3) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes through electro-active photo-senstive amphiphilicmacromolecular and its application in sensor coatings
P(VM/VCz-co-MA) was synthesized through free radical copolymerization with twostyrene derivative monomers and maleic anhydride. The amphiphilic macromolecular canself-assemble into micelle (EACM) which could efficiently disperse MWCNTs in aqueoussolution. The EACM/MWCNTs hybrid was characterized by UV-Vis, TEM、SEM、TGA andRaman. Experimental results show that the dispersion capacity of macromolecular enhancedwith the increasing content of carbazole group. Then, dispersion of carbon nanotubes wereused to product gas sensor and electrochemical sensors. Dopamine sensors were fabricatedusing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with EACM/MWCNTs hybrid. The carbazolemoieties in macromolecular chains could electro-polymerize with increasing CV cycles, thuscreating large conjugated system and forming a conducting surface on MWCNTs. Ourinvestigations indicate that the peaks of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) wereoverlapped without carbazole moieties electro-polymerized in DPV measurement. In contrast,the peak currents were amplified about ten times and the peaks of DA and AA were separatedwith carbazole moieties electro-polymerized. Such results showed that the EACM/MWCNTsmodified GCE could serve as an efficient biosensor for low-concentration DA detecting in thepresence of high-concentration AA.
(4) Branched styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer modified carbon nanotubes and theirapplications in sensor coatings and superhydrophobic coatingsBranched Polystyrene maleic anhydride (BPSMA) were synthesized through the method ofMCTBP with maleic anhydride(MA), styrene (St), and4-vinyl benzyl thiol (VBT) as branched monomer and AIBN as the initiator. The successful synthesis of BPSMA wasconfirmed by a triple detection systems including gel permeation chromatography (GPC),multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS), and differential viscosity (DV) detectors, as wellas thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry). The influence of more inventory andpolymerization time on structure and properties of BPSMA were studied. The influence ofcontent of branched monomer and polymerization time on self-assembly behavior of BPSMAwas researched. The particle size and morphology of the self-assembled micelles werecharacterized by DLS and TEM. Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) werenon-covalently modified by an organic-inorganic hybrid of the BPSMA and silica with theexistence of γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane. The modified MWCNTs were mixed withtetraethyl orthosilicate in ethanol, coated with a fluoroalkylsilane, and then heat treated toobtain the superhydrophobic antistatic coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showedthat the coatings have a micrometer-and nanometer-scale hierarchical structure similar to thatof lotus leaves with high water contact angles (>170°). In addition, the relationship betweencontent of MWCNTs, cure temperature and the properties of the coatings were investigatedsystematically. The results showed that the hydrophobic and conductivity of the coating wasincreased with the increasing content of carbon nanotubes, the stability of the coating wasbetter with the increasing curing temperature, when the content of carbon nanotube was10wt%, the contact angle was180°, and the resistance was7.2×10~5.
In summary, a series of amphiphilic macromolecules were synthesized to modify carbonnanotubes, and their application in the functional coatings was studied. A series of quite newfindings were obtained.
双亲大分子的亲水性链段和疏水性链段能以特定的方式排列在同一分子链上，其最大的特点是能够在一定条件下发生自组装行为，形成各种有序的纳米微相结构，如球形、棒状、囊泡、由小胶束形成的大复合胶束等。根据双亲性大分子独特的性质，利用其分子链或者组装胶束改性碳纳米管，制备的纳米复合材料将具备很多优异的性能，在涂料等领域具有潜在的应用价值。然而，该研究领域的构建单元主要以嵌段双亲大分子为主。其合成相对困难,故规模化应用受到限制。非嵌段双亲大分子简单易得、来源丰富,较之于嵌段大分子而言更有潜在的应用价值。
本文设计合成了一系列非嵌段双亲性大分子对碳纳米管进行了非共价改性，研究了其在功能涂层材料中的应用。具体研究内容分为以下几个部分：（1）水溶性光敏环糊精改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层中的应用
以环氧氯丙烷为桥接单元，水溶性的α-环糊精与7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素反应，制备了α-CD-C。用氢核磁共振(1H-NMR)、液质联用(HLPC-MS)等表征了α-CD-C的结构。紫外光二聚实验表明, α-CD-C可在365nm光照下进行光二聚反应,且可在随后的254nm光照下进行解二聚反应。通过比较该交替光照下的光二聚反应程度,发现该光二聚反应仅部分可逆。此后，研究了水体系下α-CD-C分散碳纳米管。透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明：α-CD-C成功的对碳纳米管进行了改性，并研究了其在传感涂层中的应用。（2）双亲大分子P(St/VM-co-MA)改性碳纳米管制备传感涂层
以苯乙烯（St）、7-（4-乙烯基苄氧基-4-甲基香豆素（VM）和马来酸酐(MA)为共聚单体，合成了光敏双亲大分子聚（苯乙烯-7-（4-乙烯基苄氯氧基-4-甲基香豆素-马来酸酐）P(St/VM-co-MA)，利用1H-NMR对所得共聚物结构进行了表征，使其在选择性溶剂(DMF/H2O)中自组装形成胶束，研究了胶束包裹分散碳纳米管的行为。用傅里叶红外、拉曼光谱、TEM和SEM表征了自组装胶束分散碳纳米管的结构及形态。结果表明：大分子组装胶束改性后的碳纳米管分散液稳定，在碳纳米管的表面形成了稳定的形貌，双亲大分子改性的碳纳米管的分散行为及其稳定性都明显提高。此外，将改性后的碳纳米管分散液应用于传感涂层材料。实验结果表明，传感涂层在对气体的检测中，具有良好的响应性和回复性。用改性后的碳纳米管分散液修饰玻碳电极制备电化学传感涂层，在抗坏血酸的存在下对多巴胺进行检测，结果表明，传感涂层可对不同浓度的多巴胺进行检测，且能消除抗坏血酸的干扰,对多巴胺的检测下限为5×10~(-8)mol/L。（3）双亲性光电活性大分子改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层中的应用
以光敏性苯乙烯类单体（VM）、电活性苯乙烯类单体（VCz）和马来酸酐（MA）为共聚单体，利用自由基共聚的方式合成了类交替共聚物P(VM/VCz-co-MA)，通过FTIR、~1H-NMR等手段对其结构进行了表征。共聚物在选择性溶剂中可自组装形成稳定的胶束，利用紫外光谱（UV）、TEM等对胶束进行了表征。利用所合成双亲大分子改性碳纳米管，所得碳纳米管分散液具有良好的稳定性。并通过紫外光谱、TEM、SEM、热失重(TGA)、拉曼激光光谱等对改性后的碳纳米管进行了表征．实验结果表明，随着聚合物中咔唑基团含量的增加，双亲大分子对碳纳米管的分散能力增强。研究了P(VM/VCz-co-MA)改性碳纳米管在气体传感及电化学传感涂层材料中的应用，用改性后的碳纳米管分散液修饰过的玻碳电极通过测试其循环伏安曲线在抗坏血酸的存在下对多巴胺进行检测，结果表明，随着有机蒸汽的吸附，碳纳米管的电阻增大，电化学传感涂层可对不同浓度的多巴胺进行检测，且能消除抗坏血酸的干扰。（4）支化型双亲大分子改性碳纳米管及其在传感涂层和超疏水导电涂料中的应用
利用对乙烯基卞硫醇（VBT)为链转移单体，以苯乙烯、马来酸酐为聚合主单体，通过巯基链转移支化聚合法合成了支化聚苯乙烯马来酸酐（BPSMA）。改变支化单体的摩尔投料量、聚合时间，通过与线性PSMA的结构性能进行比较及分子量、粘度、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、转化率等表征，证明了BPSMA的支化结构。并研究了支化单体含量、聚合时间对BPSMA的自组装行为影响，通过动态激光光散射（DLS）、TEM表征胶束的粒径大小和形态。利用有机-无机杂化技术，在γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷存在下，BPSMA非共价键改性多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）。改性后的多壁碳纳米管与硅酸四乙酯在乙醇中，与含氟硅烷相互作用，然后进行热处理，制备了的超疏水导电涂料, SEM观察到涂层具有微米和纳米级的层次结构。此外,对碳纳米管的加入量、固化温度对涂料的性能的影响进行了系统的研究，结果表明，碳纳米管的加入量越大，涂层疏水性越强，导电性越好；固化温度越高，涂层稳定性越好，当碳纳米管含量10wt%时，接触角为180°，电阻为7.2×10~5。
综上所述，利用合成的一系列非嵌段双亲大分子并对碳纳米管进行了改性，对其在功能涂层材料中的应用性能也进行了研究，得到了一些颇具新意的结果。
Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, its unique shape and structure has attractedmany researchers to explore its new performance. However, due to carbon nanotubes withhigh specific surface area and strong van der Waals force makes it very easy to agglomerate,leading to carbon nanotubes almost insoluble in any solvent. In addition, due to its specialgraphene structure, carbon nanotubes can not be dispersed in the polymer and other materials,which greatly limit its application fields. Therefore, carbon nanotubes should be modified toimprove its dispersibility in solvents and the polymers, in order to meet the applicationrequirements.
Hydrophilic segments and hydrophobic segments of amphiphilic macromolecular can bearranged in the same molecular chain by a particular way, and its biggest feature is the abilityto self-assembly behavior under certain conditions. Amphiphilic macromolecular can form avariety of ordered nano-phasestructure, such as spherical, rod-like, vesicles and compositemicelles formed by small micelles. According to the unique property of the amphiphilicmacromolecular, its molecular chains and self-assembled micelles can be used to modifycarbon nanotubes, and the prepared nanocomposites have many excellent performances in thefield of coatings and other potential application fields. However, the construction unit of theresearch area is block polymer. Because of its synthesis is relatively difficult, which limitstheir large-scale applications. Compared with block amphiphilic macromolecules, Non-blockamphiphilic macromolecules is simple and easy to obtain, rich source, and have morepotential application value.
The paper design and synthesis a series of non-block amphiphilic macromolecules tomodify carbon nanotubes base on non-covalently interaction. The application in the functionalcoatings was researched, and the contents are divided into the following sections:
(1) Carbon nanotubes were modified by water-soluble photosensitive α-cyclodextrin and itsapplication in sensor coatings
First, using epichlorohydrin as the bridged unit, water-soluble α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)was introduced to modify7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and prepare α-CD-C. α-CD-C wascharacterized with1H-NMR and HPLC-MS. The photo-dimerization experiment showed thatα-CD-C could photo-dimerize upon365nm irradiation, and then photo-de-crosslink upon thesubsequent254nm irradiation. Next, α-CD-C was used to disperse carbon nanotubes in water.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)demonstrated that carbon nanotubes was successful modified by α-CD-C, and its applicationin sensor coatings were studied.
(2) Carbon nanotubes were modified by amphiphilic macromolecular P(St/VM-co-MA) toprepare sensor coatings
Photosensitive amphiphilic macromolecular P(St/VM-co-MA) was synthesized withstyrene (St), styrene-containing photosensitive monomer7-(4-vinylbenzyloxy)-4-methyl coumarin (VM) and maleic anhydride (MA) via free radical copolymerization. The structureof P(St/VM-co-MA) was characterized by1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).P(St/VM-co-MA) could form micelles in the selective solvent N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF)/H2O. UV-Vis spectrum indicating the photodimerization reaction of P(St/VM-co-MA)micelles. The multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were encapsulated in the formedmicelles through non-covalent interactions. The formed structures were novel nanocompositeswhich were confirmed by TEM, SEM, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The results showedthat the dispersion performance of the obtained micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes inwater was greatly improved compared to the pure carbon nanotubes. From the TEMobservation, the individual MWCNTs structure and the uniform polymer coating around thesurface of MWCNTs were seen after crosslinking. In addition, the prepared materials wereused in sensor coating, the response and recovery properties of the coatings were measured. Itwas showed that the resistance of sensors inereased with increasing content of gas. Amodified glassy-carbon (GC) electrode by P(St/VM-co-MA) has been successfully developedsensor coatings for determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). Itcan be concluded from the result that the respond changes within different concentration ofDA. Interference from AA was effectively eliminated and the detection limit was5×10-8mol/L.
(3) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes through electro-active photo-senstive amphiphilicmacromolecular and its application in sensor coatings
P(VM/VCz-co-MA) was synthesized through free radical copolymerization with twostyrene derivative monomers and maleic anhydride. The amphiphilic macromolecular canself-assemble into micelle (EACM) which could efficiently disperse MWCNTs in aqueoussolution. The EACM/MWCNTs hybrid was characterized by UV-Vis, TEM、SEM、TGA andRaman. Experimental results show that the dispersion capacity of macromolecular enhancedwith the increasing content of carbazole group. Then, dispersion of carbon nanotubes wereused to product gas sensor and electrochemical sensors. Dopamine sensors were fabricatedusing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with EACM/MWCNTs hybrid. The carbazolemoieties in macromolecular chains could electro-polymerize with increasing CV cycles, thuscreating large conjugated system and forming a conducting surface on MWCNTs. Ourinvestigations indicate that the peaks of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) wereoverlapped without carbazole moieties electro-polymerized in DPV measurement. In contrast,the peak currents were amplified about ten times and the peaks of DA and AA were separatedwith carbazole moieties electro-polymerized. Such results showed that the EACM/MWCNTsmodified GCE could serve as an efficient biosensor for low-concentration DA detecting in thepresence of high-concentration AA.
(4) Branched styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer modified carbon nanotubes and theirapplications in sensor coatings and superhydrophobic coatingsBranched Polystyrene maleic anhydride (BPSMA) were synthesized through the method ofMCTBP with maleic anhydride(MA), styrene (St), and4-vinyl benzyl thiol (VBT) as branched monomer and AIBN as the initiator. The successful synthesis of BPSMA wasconfirmed by a triple detection systems including gel permeation chromatography (GPC),multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS), and differential viscosity (DV) detectors, as wellas thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry). The influence of more inventory andpolymerization time on structure and properties of BPSMA were studied. The influence ofcontent of branched monomer and polymerization time on self-assembly behavior of BPSMAwas researched. The particle size and morphology of the self-assembled micelles werecharacterized by DLS and TEM. Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) werenon-covalently modified by an organic-inorganic hybrid of the BPSMA and silica with theexistence of γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane. The modified MWCNTs were mixed withtetraethyl orthosilicate in ethanol, coated with a fluoroalkylsilane, and then heat treated toobtain the superhydrophobic antistatic coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showedthat the coatings have a micrometer-and nanometer-scale hierarchical structure similar to thatof lotus leaves with high water contact angles (>170°). In addition, the relationship betweencontent of MWCNTs, cure temperature and the properties of the coatings were investigatedsystematically. The results showed that the hydrophobic and conductivity of the coating wasincreased with the increasing content of carbon nanotubes, the stability of the coating wasbetter with the increasing curing temperature, when the content of carbon nanotube was10wt%, the contact angle was180°, and the resistance was7.2×10~5.
In summary, a series of amphiphilic macromolecules were synthesized to modify carbonnanotubes, and their application in the functional coatings was studied. A series of quite newfindings were obtained.
引文
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