水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备的基础理论与关键技术研究
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摘要
随着我国城镇化发展和民众生活环境要求的不断提高,生活垃圾的处理及其处理质量的要求随之提高,垃圾处理装备水平的不断提升则是满足这种“提高”的根本,更是亟待解决的涉及国计民生的重要工程技术问题。水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备是一种通过水平推力对垃圾多次压缩(预压)成块,辅以排污、除臭等措施,达到生活垃圾“无害化、减量化、资源化和避免二次污染”处理目的的新型环保装备,是生活垃圾地埋升降式压缩处理站和水平预压式中转处理站的核心装备,广泛用于城乡生活垃圾中间处理领域,具有处理效率高、垃圾压实性好、单次运载量大、转运成本低、环保性好等特点。
论文以水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备为对象,结合工程试验与理论分析,研究压缩垃圾分布载荷特性和压缩处理工艺等基础理论问题；以具体工程案例为基础,立足于普适性原则,开发装备设计和控制的关键技术；探讨理论和技术的工程应用方法。论文的主要研究工作如下：
(1)为了研究压缩箱体内压缩垃圾载荷的分布规律,采用理论分析与工程试验相结合的方法,基于Eggshell理论,建立水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备压缩箱体内压缩垃圾的曲面模型和压缩垃圾的分布载荷模型；根据压缩箱体的结构实验与有限元仿真,得到箱体各面受力状况与垃圾压缩状态之间的关系,建立压缩箱体内压缩垃圾的分布载荷函数。
(2)为了研究水平预压式生活垃圾压缩处理工艺,分析不同压缩力与压缩方式对压缩箱体力学性能与垃圾压缩特性的影响,针对水平预压式生活垃圾处理的特点,设计生活垃圾水平预压处理的工艺实验系统；采用压缩垃圾分布载荷模型,通过仿真分析和试验确定实验的布点方案；进行压缩压力—箱体应力、压缩压力—后座应力、压缩(预压)方式—压缩垃圾密度和压缩压力—压缩垃圾密度等关系的实验,提出生活垃圾水平预压处理工艺；以此为基础,分别设计地埋升降式压缩处理站和水平预压式中转处理站的工艺流程。
(3)以水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备中关键装置—举升装置、压缩装置和液压驱动系统为对象,以具体工程案例为出发点,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备设计的结构优化和性能分析技术,主要包含：基于理论计算、仿真与实验,研究举升装置的优化设计技术；采用有限元方法,研究压缩装置的力学性能分析技术；基于结构拓扑优化方法,研究压缩箱体的轻量化设计技术；采用AMESim,研究液压驱动系统的性能仿真分析技术。
(4)集成运用PLC、触摸屏、现场总线和组态控制等技术,设计水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统结构,研究基于PLC的压缩控制技术；面向监视和控制功能,采用触摸屏和组态软件,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备的监控技术；基于硬件在环方法,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统的仿真测试技术,设计仿真测试平台：构成水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统的设计方法。
最后,结合LSY系列地埋升降式压缩处理站和LSYY型水平预压式中转处理站的开发,验证水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备关键理论与技术的正确性和工程应用方法。论文主要研究结果通过了政府部门组织的专家鉴定,并已广泛用于工程实际,取得了良好的实用效果。
With the constant improvement of urbanization development and people living environment requirement, the demand of domestic waste disposal quality is improved accordingly. The constant rising of domestic waste processing equipment level is the foundation to satisfy with the improvement requirement. It is also an urgent important engineering technology problem involving the national economy and people's livelihood. Horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is a new environmental protection equipment which compresses domestic waste repeatly (preloading compression) with horizontal thrust, supplementing by blowdown, deodorant and other measures, so as to realize the domestic waste disposal target of harmless, reduction, recycling and avoiding secondary pollution. Horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is the fundamental equipment of underground lifting compression processing station and horizontal preloading transfer processing station, widely applied in middle disposal domain of urban and rural domestic waste, has many features like high efficiency of disposal, well compactability and environmental protection, large capacity of single loading and low cost of transportation.
In this dissertation, combining engineering experiment and theoretical analysis, the fundamental theory problems of compressed domestic waste distribution load and compression technics are researched; based on engineering examples and aiming at universality principle, the key technologies of equipment design and control are developed; and the engineering application method of theory and technology is discussed. The main research contents are as follow:
(1) In order to research on the distribution law of compressed domestic waste load in compression box, using the methods of combining theoretical analysis and engineering experiment, based on Eggshell theory, the compressed domestic waste curved surface model and distribution load model in compression box of horizontal preloading processing equipment are established. According to structural experiment and finite element simulation of compression box, the relationship between stress status of each compression box side and compressed domestic waste status is obtained. Thus the compressed domestic waste distribution load functions are established.
(2) In order to study on horizontal preloading processing technics for domestic waste, analyze the effects on compression box mechanical performance and domestic waste compression characteristics by defferent compression force and compression method, According to the characteristics of horizontal preloading processing for domestic waste, the technics experimental system of horizontal preloading processing for domestic waste is designed. Based on compressed domestic waste distribution load model, the experimental measurement points are determined with simulation analysis and experiment. Based on compression pressure-stress of compression box, compression pressure-stress of rear plate, compression (preloading compression) method-density of compressed domestic waste and compression pressure-density of compressed domestic waste experiments, the horizontal preloading processing technics for domestic waste is presented. On the basis of the technics, the process flows of underground lifting compression processing station and horizontal preloading transfer processing station are designed respectively.
(3) Taking the key devices of horizontal preloading processing equipment-lifting device compression device and hydraulic system as research objects, an the specific engineering cases as start point, the structural optimization and performance analysis technologies of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste are studied. Based on theoretical calculation, simulation and experiment, the optimal design technology of lifting device is researched. Applying finite element method, the mechanical analysis technology of compression device is studied. Based on structural topology optimization method, the lightweight design technology of compression box is researched. Using AEMSim, the simulation analysis technology of characteristics of hydraulic system is studied.
(4) Integrated applying PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), touch screen, fieldbus and configuration control technologies, the control system structure of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is designed, the compression control technology based on PLC is researched. Aiming at monitoring and control functions, using touch screen and configuration software, the monitoring and control technology of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is studied. Base on hardware in loop method, the control system simulation test technology of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is researched and the simulation test platform is designed. These results compose the design method of horizontal preloading processing equipment control system.
Finally, with the development of LSY series underground lifting compression processing station and LSYY type horizontal preloading transfer processing station, the correctness and engineering application method of key theories and technologies of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste are verified. The main research results of this dissertation have passed achievement appraisal organized by government, widely applied in engineering domain and achieved good practical effect.
论文以水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备为对象,结合工程试验与理论分析,研究压缩垃圾分布载荷特性和压缩处理工艺等基础理论问题；以具体工程案例为基础,立足于普适性原则,开发装备设计和控制的关键技术；探讨理论和技术的工程应用方法。论文的主要研究工作如下：
(1)为了研究压缩箱体内压缩垃圾载荷的分布规律,采用理论分析与工程试验相结合的方法,基于Eggshell理论,建立水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备压缩箱体内压缩垃圾的曲面模型和压缩垃圾的分布载荷模型；根据压缩箱体的结构实验与有限元仿真,得到箱体各面受力状况与垃圾压缩状态之间的关系,建立压缩箱体内压缩垃圾的分布载荷函数。
(2)为了研究水平预压式生活垃圾压缩处理工艺,分析不同压缩力与压缩方式对压缩箱体力学性能与垃圾压缩特性的影响,针对水平预压式生活垃圾处理的特点,设计生活垃圾水平预压处理的工艺实验系统；采用压缩垃圾分布载荷模型,通过仿真分析和试验确定实验的布点方案；进行压缩压力—箱体应力、压缩压力—后座应力、压缩(预压)方式—压缩垃圾密度和压缩压力—压缩垃圾密度等关系的实验,提出生活垃圾水平预压处理工艺；以此为基础,分别设计地埋升降式压缩处理站和水平预压式中转处理站的工艺流程。
(3)以水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备中关键装置—举升装置、压缩装置和液压驱动系统为对象,以具体工程案例为出发点,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备设计的结构优化和性能分析技术,主要包含：基于理论计算、仿真与实验,研究举升装置的优化设计技术；采用有限元方法,研究压缩装置的力学性能分析技术；基于结构拓扑优化方法,研究压缩箱体的轻量化设计技术；采用AMESim,研究液压驱动系统的性能仿真分析技术。
(4)集成运用PLC、触摸屏、现场总线和组态控制等技术,设计水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统结构,研究基于PLC的压缩控制技术；面向监视和控制功能,采用触摸屏和组态软件,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备的监控技术；基于硬件在环方法,研究水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统的仿真测试技术,设计仿真测试平台：构成水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备控制系统的设计方法。
最后,结合LSY系列地埋升降式压缩处理站和LSYY型水平预压式中转处理站的开发,验证水平预压式生活垃圾处理装备关键理论与技术的正确性和工程应用方法。论文主要研究结果通过了政府部门组织的专家鉴定,并已广泛用于工程实际,取得了良好的实用效果。
With the constant improvement of urbanization development and people living environment requirement, the demand of domestic waste disposal quality is improved accordingly. The constant rising of domestic waste processing equipment level is the foundation to satisfy with the improvement requirement. It is also an urgent important engineering technology problem involving the national economy and people's livelihood. Horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is a new environmental protection equipment which compresses domestic waste repeatly (preloading compression) with horizontal thrust, supplementing by blowdown, deodorant and other measures, so as to realize the domestic waste disposal target of harmless, reduction, recycling and avoiding secondary pollution. Horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is the fundamental equipment of underground lifting compression processing station and horizontal preloading transfer processing station, widely applied in middle disposal domain of urban and rural domestic waste, has many features like high efficiency of disposal, well compactability and environmental protection, large capacity of single loading and low cost of transportation.
In this dissertation, combining engineering experiment and theoretical analysis, the fundamental theory problems of compressed domestic waste distribution load and compression technics are researched; based on engineering examples and aiming at universality principle, the key technologies of equipment design and control are developed; and the engineering application method of theory and technology is discussed. The main research contents are as follow:
(1) In order to research on the distribution law of compressed domestic waste load in compression box, using the methods of combining theoretical analysis and engineering experiment, based on Eggshell theory, the compressed domestic waste curved surface model and distribution load model in compression box of horizontal preloading processing equipment are established. According to structural experiment and finite element simulation of compression box, the relationship between stress status of each compression box side and compressed domestic waste status is obtained. Thus the compressed domestic waste distribution load functions are established.
(2) In order to study on horizontal preloading processing technics for domestic waste, analyze the effects on compression box mechanical performance and domestic waste compression characteristics by defferent compression force and compression method, According to the characteristics of horizontal preloading processing for domestic waste, the technics experimental system of horizontal preloading processing for domestic waste is designed. Based on compressed domestic waste distribution load model, the experimental measurement points are determined with simulation analysis and experiment. Based on compression pressure-stress of compression box, compression pressure-stress of rear plate, compression (preloading compression) method-density of compressed domestic waste and compression pressure-density of compressed domestic waste experiments, the horizontal preloading processing technics for domestic waste is presented. On the basis of the technics, the process flows of underground lifting compression processing station and horizontal preloading transfer processing station are designed respectively.
(3) Taking the key devices of horizontal preloading processing equipment-lifting device compression device and hydraulic system as research objects, an the specific engineering cases as start point, the structural optimization and performance analysis technologies of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste are studied. Based on theoretical calculation, simulation and experiment, the optimal design technology of lifting device is researched. Applying finite element method, the mechanical analysis technology of compression device is studied. Based on structural topology optimization method, the lightweight design technology of compression box is researched. Using AEMSim, the simulation analysis technology of characteristics of hydraulic system is studied.
(4) Integrated applying PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), touch screen, fieldbus and configuration control technologies, the control system structure of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is designed, the compression control technology based on PLC is researched. Aiming at monitoring and control functions, using touch screen and configuration software, the monitoring and control technology of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is studied. Base on hardware in loop method, the control system simulation test technology of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste is researched and the simulation test platform is designed. These results compose the design method of horizontal preloading processing equipment control system.
Finally, with the development of LSY series underground lifting compression processing station and LSYY type horizontal preloading transfer processing station, the correctness and engineering application method of key theories and technologies of horizontal preloading processing equipment for domestic waste are verified. The main research results of this dissertation have passed achievement appraisal organized by government, widely applied in engineering domain and achieved good practical effect.
引文
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