吊车荷载作用下仓储上盖物业振动舒适度及结构噪声研究
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摘要
上盖物业因能有效地提高城市土地利用率,并能带来广阔的社会、经济效益,近年来得到了快速的发展。然而,列车及吊车运行引起上盖物业结构的振动舒适度和噪声问题已成为制约其发展的主要瓶颈之一。国内外学者在列车引起环境振动的分析模型、传播规律以及对建筑物的影响方面作了大量的研究与实测工作,并已取得了丰硕的研究成果。而吊车这种大型设备运行引起建筑物的振动及噪声问题鲜有研究。研究发现,吊车运行引起的振动及噪声虽然不会产生结构安全问题,但会影响建筑物内用户的工作效率和生活质量,从而降低结构的适用性能。因此,能否有效地控制因吊车运行引起的上盖物业的振动和结构噪声问题,实质上关系到这一特殊建设项目在城市建设中的发展和推广。本文以某仓储上盖物业为研究对象,通过现场实测与数值分析,对吊车荷载进行了系统研究并建立了基于舒适度评价的精细化有限元分析模型,并针对该仓储上盖物业结构特点,对吊车运行引起的振动响应及结构噪声进行了系统研究。
论文主要工作如下：
1、综合国内外的文献资料,对各国振动舒适度和结构噪声规范进行了归纳和总结,确定了适用于上盖物业吊车运行引起的振动舒适度和结构噪声评价的标准,并对吊车荷载引起该上盖物业的振动舒适度及结构噪声进行了评价；
2、对基于舒适度的结构计算模型进行了研究,提出了强振与弱振在模型简化方法上的差异。考虑非结构构件(包括填充墙、装饰面层等)对结构的刚度和阻尼的影响,根据工程实际情况建立了精细化有限元计算模型；
3、建立吊车—轨道梁的计算模型,提取吊车荷载作用下轨道梁支座处的支座反力计算结果,以此结果作为外荷载输入到精细化有限元模型中,计算上部结构房间内的振动响应,并与实测数据对比分析,验证精细化有限元模型的有效性；
4、采用经验公式对该结构噪声进行了预测并与实测结果进行对比,考察经验公式的适用性,在此基础上,根据工程实际情况建立了声学有限元模型,采用Virtual.Lab Acoustics声学软件计算得到结构振动和声学特征,从而为同类结构的设计提出建议及改进方案；
5、在精细化有限元模型建立中将结构底层立柱由钢柱换为钢筋混凝土柱,并研究了两种不同材料的立柱对该仓储上盖物业振动响应及噪声问题的影响,研究了此类结构的减振降噪措施。
最后,在总结全文工作的基础上,对下一步的研究提出了建议和展望。
本文主要创新点如下：
1、本文首次对仓储上盖物业的振动舒适度及结构二次噪声问题进行了初步的研究,以国内第一个仓储上盖物业为研究对象进行了现场实测及理论分析；
2、提出了基于振动舒适度的结构精细化模型的概念,采用有限元法实现了结构振动舒适度及结构二次噪声的模拟与分析；
3、根据理论分析及现场实测,得出了对此类上盖物业钢筋混凝土结构是结构选型时的首选,如采用钢结构则需加强结构的减、隔振设计,而在目前的条件下采用混凝土结构(至少底层采用钢筋混凝土结构)是一种有效的方法,从而为此类结构的设计提出了有效地建议。
Over-track buildings can improve the urban land utilization efficiently as well as bring us great social and economic benefits. Therefore, they are developing rapidly these years. However, the vibration serviceability and structure-borne noise of these over-track buildings caused by the moving train and crane loads have been one of the main bottlenecks restricting its development. Many research and field measurements on the analysis model of environmental vibration induced by trains, the propagation rule and the effect on buildings have been conducted by scholars at home and abroad and had achieved great achievements. However, the research of the vibration and structure-borne noise caused by crane load haven't been reported yet. Many studies show that the crane induced vibration and noise will not produce structural safety issues, but it will affect users' work efficiency and their quality of life and thus reducing the applicability of these structures. Therefore, the control of vibration and noise can actively promote the development of over-track buildings in the urban construction. Based on an over-track structure, this paper has studied the characteristics of crane load. Meanwhile, the sophisticated FEM model of the structure for serviceability has been constructed through field measurement and numerical analysis. Finally, this paper studied the vibration response and structure-borne noise excited by moving crane. The following research works are carried out:
1. Combining with domestic and foreign standards and codes in the field of vibration serviceability and structure-borne noise have been summarized, and based on the available standards, the vibration and structure-borne noise caused by moving crane load are evaluated;
2. The differences of the model simplification methods of a structure under strong and week vibration is analyzed, and the necessity of a sophisticated structure model for vibration serviceability is presented. Consequently, considering the non-structural components' contribution to the stiffness and damping of the structure, the sophisticated FEM model is constructed;
3. The calculation model of the crane-track beam is established. The supporting force of the track beam support under crane load is extracted to be input into the sophisticated FEM model. Then, the calculated vibration response in the upper structure is compared with the measured data to verify the effectiveness of the sophisticated FEM model.
4. The structure-borne noise of this structure is predicted according to the prediction method and compared with the measured results to check the applicability of the equation. Then the acoustics finite element model has been established by using Virtual. Lab Acoustics software to study the vibration and acoustic characteristics of this structure;
5. Steel columns were replaced by reinforced concrete columns in sophisticated calculation model, and then this paper studied the different vibration response and structure-borne noise level between these two materials in order to get good guidance to the design of similar structures.
Finally, based on the summaries and conclusions of all research works, some suggestions and prospect for further researches are put forward.
论文主要工作如下：
1、综合国内外的文献资料,对各国振动舒适度和结构噪声规范进行了归纳和总结,确定了适用于上盖物业吊车运行引起的振动舒适度和结构噪声评价的标准,并对吊车荷载引起该上盖物业的振动舒适度及结构噪声进行了评价；
2、对基于舒适度的结构计算模型进行了研究,提出了强振与弱振在模型简化方法上的差异。考虑非结构构件(包括填充墙、装饰面层等)对结构的刚度和阻尼的影响,根据工程实际情况建立了精细化有限元计算模型；
3、建立吊车—轨道梁的计算模型,提取吊车荷载作用下轨道梁支座处的支座反力计算结果,以此结果作为外荷载输入到精细化有限元模型中,计算上部结构房间内的振动响应,并与实测数据对比分析,验证精细化有限元模型的有效性；
4、采用经验公式对该结构噪声进行了预测并与实测结果进行对比,考察经验公式的适用性,在此基础上,根据工程实际情况建立了声学有限元模型,采用Virtual.Lab Acoustics声学软件计算得到结构振动和声学特征,从而为同类结构的设计提出建议及改进方案；
5、在精细化有限元模型建立中将结构底层立柱由钢柱换为钢筋混凝土柱,并研究了两种不同材料的立柱对该仓储上盖物业振动响应及噪声问题的影响,研究了此类结构的减振降噪措施。
最后,在总结全文工作的基础上,对下一步的研究提出了建议和展望。
本文主要创新点如下：
1、本文首次对仓储上盖物业的振动舒适度及结构二次噪声问题进行了初步的研究,以国内第一个仓储上盖物业为研究对象进行了现场实测及理论分析；
2、提出了基于振动舒适度的结构精细化模型的概念,采用有限元法实现了结构振动舒适度及结构二次噪声的模拟与分析；
3、根据理论分析及现场实测,得出了对此类上盖物业钢筋混凝土结构是结构选型时的首选,如采用钢结构则需加强结构的减、隔振设计,而在目前的条件下采用混凝土结构(至少底层采用钢筋混凝土结构)是一种有效的方法,从而为此类结构的设计提出了有效地建议。
Over-track buildings can improve the urban land utilization efficiently as well as bring us great social and economic benefits. Therefore, they are developing rapidly these years. However, the vibration serviceability and structure-borne noise of these over-track buildings caused by the moving train and crane loads have been one of the main bottlenecks restricting its development. Many research and field measurements on the analysis model of environmental vibration induced by trains, the propagation rule and the effect on buildings have been conducted by scholars at home and abroad and had achieved great achievements. However, the research of the vibration and structure-borne noise caused by crane load haven't been reported yet. Many studies show that the crane induced vibration and noise will not produce structural safety issues, but it will affect users' work efficiency and their quality of life and thus reducing the applicability of these structures. Therefore, the control of vibration and noise can actively promote the development of over-track buildings in the urban construction. Based on an over-track structure, this paper has studied the characteristics of crane load. Meanwhile, the sophisticated FEM model of the structure for serviceability has been constructed through field measurement and numerical analysis. Finally, this paper studied the vibration response and structure-borne noise excited by moving crane. The following research works are carried out:
1. Combining with domestic and foreign standards and codes in the field of vibration serviceability and structure-borne noise have been summarized, and based on the available standards, the vibration and structure-borne noise caused by moving crane load are evaluated;
2. The differences of the model simplification methods of a structure under strong and week vibration is analyzed, and the necessity of a sophisticated structure model for vibration serviceability is presented. Consequently, considering the non-structural components' contribution to the stiffness and damping of the structure, the sophisticated FEM model is constructed;
3. The calculation model of the crane-track beam is established. The supporting force of the track beam support under crane load is extracted to be input into the sophisticated FEM model. Then, the calculated vibration response in the upper structure is compared with the measured data to verify the effectiveness of the sophisticated FEM model.
4. The structure-borne noise of this structure is predicted according to the prediction method and compared with the measured results to check the applicability of the equation. Then the acoustics finite element model has been established by using Virtual. Lab Acoustics software to study the vibration and acoustic characteristics of this structure;
5. Steel columns were replaced by reinforced concrete columns in sophisticated calculation model, and then this paper studied the different vibration response and structure-borne noise level between these two materials in order to get good guidance to the design of similar structures.
Finally, based on the summaries and conclusions of all research works, some suggestions and prospect for further researches are put forward.
引文
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