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青豆种子热泵干燥理论与试验研究
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摘要
我国作为人口大国,粮食安全是实现可持续发展和国家战略的关键。干燥技术作为种子加工的重要环节是减少粮食损失、提高品质和农业收益的可靠技术保证。高能耗、高污染的传统干燥方法在节能减排和可持续发展的大环境下已日益受到限制,热泵干燥在节能降耗、提高干燥品质和操作可控性等方面技术优势突出,因此加强种子热泵干燥技术理论的研究已成为现代干燥技术发展的重要组成部分。本文结合多学科交叉理论,对青豆种子热泵低温脱水技术进行了系统研究,全文内容概括如下:
     (1)通过静态称重法测定了青豆种子在不同温度和水分活度下的等温线及类型,利用非线性回归方法确定了BET多分子层吸附理论模型的参数和等温线模型的拟合优度;研究了青豆种子吸附与解吸过程热量的变化规律,根据水分活度模型确定了热动力学参数净等量吸附与解吸热数值范围。(2)研究了含水率和升温速率对青豆种子玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的影响规律,采用差式扫描量热法(DSC)测试了青豆种子的玻璃化转变温度,通过外推法确定了数学模型。(3)利用干燥试验台进行了青豆种子干燥特性的研究,确定了有效扩散系数范围和适于描述干燥特性的模型,采用饱和D试验法分析了连续干燥和缓苏干燥工艺中干燥因素对种子发芽率的影响规律,得到了青豆种子发芽率同干燥因素之间的回归模型,采用降维法分析了干燥因素对发芽率的影响规律,利用麦夸特和通用全局优化法得到了青豆种子优化干燥工艺。分析了连续干燥过程的酶促保卫系统中酶活性的变化规律,对缓苏干燥过程的系统不同阶段的能耗进行了分析并得到了数值解。
     本文得到的相关结论,为青豆种子热泵干燥过程提供了基础理论依据。
As a populous country, food security is the key to achieve sustainabledevelopment and national strategy. Drying technology is an important link of seedsprocessing, it is a reliable technology to guarantee reducing food loss, improvingquality and agricultural returns.Traditional drying technology's characteristic is highenergy consumption and high pollution, in the environment of energy conservationand emissions reduction and sustainable development, it has been increasingly beingrestricted, heat pump drying has some prominent technical advantages in energyconservation and emission reduction, improve quality and controllable operation, sostrengthening theorical research of seeds' heat pump drying technology has becomean important part of the development of modern drying technology. Combining withinterdisciplinary theories, green soybean seeds' heat pump technology of the lowtemperature dehydration system has been researched, the brief structure and maincontent as follows:
     (1) Isotherms and type of green soybean seeds were measured and diterminedthrough static gravimetric method at different temperatures and water activity;parameters of BET much molecular layer absorption theory and goodness-of-fit ofisotherms models were determined by using nonlinear regression method; thethermodynamic parameters including numerical range of net isosteric heat ofadsorption and desorption were calculated by using water activity sorption isostericmodel.(2) The influence law of green soybean seeds' glass transition temperaturewith moisture content and heating rate were investigated, Tgwere measures bydifferential scanning calorimeter (DSC), mathematical model of Tgwas determined byextrapolation method.(3) Green soybean seeds' drying characteristics wereresearched using drying test bed, effective diffusion coefficients range and suitabledescripting drying characteristics models were determined; The influence law ofdrying factors on seed germination rate of continuous and tempering dryingtechnology were analysised by saturated D test method, regression models ofgermination rate were gotten; influence law between germination rate and dryingfactors was analyzed by dimension reduction method, optimization drying technologyof green soybeans seeds was gotten by using wheat quarts and general global optimization method, enzyme activity changing law of enzyme defend system wereanalyzed in continuous drying, and energy consumption of tempering drying processwas discussed and numerical solution of energy consumption was gotten. Conclusionsin this paper have provided basis theory for green soybean seeds in heat pump dryingprocess.
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