转型期中国横向整合企业动态竞争及其与管理模式的关系研究
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摘要
当前，中国企业正处于关键的战略机遇期，不少企业都实施了横纵向整合，希望“先做中国第一，后做世界第一”，逐渐发展成为“世界级企业”。在进行横向整合的过程中，中国企业既受到转型期市场分割制度情境的影响，又或多或少地面临以跨国公司和国内区域企业为主的双重竞争威胁。面对这样复杂的竞争格局，中国企业需要通过科学选择并有效实施一系列竞争行动（或说竞争策略组合），来发挥整合优势和区域灵活性优势，并最终实现绩效的快速增长。管理模式作为企业内部结构的重要内容，既取决于横向整合企业的总体战略决策，也对企业行为决策，尤其是竞争行为决策构成影响与约束。为了帮助中国横向整合企业在特殊制度情境下和特殊竞争格局中根据自身既定管理模式理性地选择适宜的竞争策略组合，本文聚焦于“在转型期中国市场分割制度情境下，不同管理模式的横向整合企业如何选择动态竞争策略组合会收到更好的竞争效果，增加绩效？”这一科学问题展开讨论和研究。
本文运用内容分析等方法，选择了中国空调、汽车和房地产行业的上市公司作为研究对象进行实证研究，结果表明：1）横向整合企业管理模式的协调性在竞争策略组合复杂性与绩效之间存在显著的负向调节作用；横向整合企业管理模式的协调性在竞争策略组合的差异性与绩效之间存在绩效显著的正向调节作用；2）市场分割对竞争策略组合以及管理模式对绩效的作用都有不同程度的削弱作用；3）市场分割制度的影响对竞争策略组合复杂性与管理模式协调性的交叉项构成调节影响；市场分割、横向整合企业的竞争策略组合差异性以及管理模式中心性三者对绩效存在较显著的交叉作用。
本文的研究将竞争行为的影响因素延伸到了管理模式等概念中，补充了竞争行为的分析框架；其次本文对企业竞争动态性的描述视角也在前人的基础上进一步提出竞争对手类型动态性问题；再次本文通过实证分析，较深入和系统地讨论了市场分割制度情境对竞争行为的影响机理。根据以上实证研究结果，本文就中国当前横向整合企业普遍采取的四种管理模式逐一确立了适宜的竞争策略组合，因而对中国企业寻求管理模式与竞争策略的匹配提供了实践启示。
The current period is called an important opportunity period for Chinese firms fordeveloping to be “world-classic enterprise”. Many Chinese firms chose to engage horizontalintegrations to enhance their international competitiveness. But the special institutionalcontext in China, the market fragmentation, goes along with economic globalization to makethe competitive environment of Chinese firms more dynamic and complex. Simultaneouslyfacing multinational and local enterprises, Chinese horizontal firms have to facilities a seriesof competitive actions (repertoire) to establish integrative advantages and localresponsiveness to encourage the revenue growth. On the other hand, as an important part ofinner structure concept of a horizontal integrating firm, managerial model, which decidedunder the entire strategy, also has influence to the action decisions, especially competitiveaction decisions. For helping Chinese horizontal firms choose suitable repertoire scientificallyrely on their own managerial model under the special competing structure and institutionalcontext, this paper focus on a research problem of “under market fragmentation in transitionperiod, how should horizontal firms of different managerial models choose their competitiverepertoire to have better performance?”
Applying content analysis method, this paper chose to gather data from air-conditioner,automobile, and real-estate industries. The results figures that,1) the coordination ofmanagerial model has negative moderation between complexity of repertoire and performance,and has positive moderation between deviance of repertoire and performance;2) marketfragmentation reduces all effects of competitive repertoire and managerial model toperformance;3) market fragmentation has moderation effects to the interaction betweencomplexity of repertoire and coordination of managerial model, and market fragmentation,deviance of repertoire and centralization of managerial model together have interaction effectto performance.
This research, first of all, expends factors of competitive actions into managerial modeland relative concept, complimenting the analyzing framework of competitive action; secondlythis research proposed issue of type of competitors in dynamic competition, providingunderstanding of dynamics of firm competition; thirdly this paper also deeply andsystematically explore the effective mechanism of market fragmentation context tocompetitive behavior. Basing on the empirical results, this paper proposes the suitablerepertoire for each of the four basic managerial models, thus provides practical implications for Chinese horizontal firms for their managerial model and competition decision.
本文运用内容分析等方法，选择了中国空调、汽车和房地产行业的上市公司作为研究对象进行实证研究，结果表明：1）横向整合企业管理模式的协调性在竞争策略组合复杂性与绩效之间存在显著的负向调节作用；横向整合企业管理模式的协调性在竞争策略组合的差异性与绩效之间存在绩效显著的正向调节作用；2）市场分割对竞争策略组合以及管理模式对绩效的作用都有不同程度的削弱作用；3）市场分割制度的影响对竞争策略组合复杂性与管理模式协调性的交叉项构成调节影响；市场分割、横向整合企业的竞争策略组合差异性以及管理模式中心性三者对绩效存在较显著的交叉作用。
本文的研究将竞争行为的影响因素延伸到了管理模式等概念中，补充了竞争行为的分析框架；其次本文对企业竞争动态性的描述视角也在前人的基础上进一步提出竞争对手类型动态性问题；再次本文通过实证分析，较深入和系统地讨论了市场分割制度情境对竞争行为的影响机理。根据以上实证研究结果，本文就中国当前横向整合企业普遍采取的四种管理模式逐一确立了适宜的竞争策略组合，因而对中国企业寻求管理模式与竞争策略的匹配提供了实践启示。
The current period is called an important opportunity period for Chinese firms fordeveloping to be “world-classic enterprise”. Many Chinese firms chose to engage horizontalintegrations to enhance their international competitiveness. But the special institutionalcontext in China, the market fragmentation, goes along with economic globalization to makethe competitive environment of Chinese firms more dynamic and complex. Simultaneouslyfacing multinational and local enterprises, Chinese horizontal firms have to facilities a seriesof competitive actions (repertoire) to establish integrative advantages and localresponsiveness to encourage the revenue growth. On the other hand, as an important part ofinner structure concept of a horizontal integrating firm, managerial model, which decidedunder the entire strategy, also has influence to the action decisions, especially competitiveaction decisions. For helping Chinese horizontal firms choose suitable repertoire scientificallyrely on their own managerial model under the special competing structure and institutionalcontext, this paper focus on a research problem of “under market fragmentation in transitionperiod, how should horizontal firms of different managerial models choose their competitiverepertoire to have better performance?”
Applying content analysis method, this paper chose to gather data from air-conditioner,automobile, and real-estate industries. The results figures that,1) the coordination ofmanagerial model has negative moderation between complexity of repertoire and performance,and has positive moderation between deviance of repertoire and performance;2) marketfragmentation reduces all effects of competitive repertoire and managerial model toperformance;3) market fragmentation has moderation effects to the interaction betweencomplexity of repertoire and coordination of managerial model, and market fragmentation,deviance of repertoire and centralization of managerial model together have interaction effectto performance.
This research, first of all, expends factors of competitive actions into managerial modeland relative concept, complimenting the analyzing framework of competitive action; secondlythis research proposed issue of type of competitors in dynamic competition, providingunderstanding of dynamics of firm competition; thirdly this paper also deeply andsystematically explore the effective mechanism of market fragmentation context tocompetitive behavior. Basing on the empirical results, this paper proposes the suitablerepertoire for each of the four basic managerial models, thus provides practical implications for Chinese horizontal firms for their managerial model and competition decision.
引文
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