破碎岩体水沙两相渗透特性试验研究
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摘要
薄基岩浅埋煤层开采时，极易引发突水溃沙灾害，其中水沙两相流体在多孔介质含水层以及破碎采动岩体中的渗流特性是研究的热点和难点问题。本文综合运用室内测试、理论分析、数值计算等手段，对破碎岩体水沙两相渗透特性进行了研究，取得了如下研究成果：
(1)研制了水沙两相专用渗透仪、轴向位移加载控制系统、水压控制系统和数据采集系统构成的破碎岩体水沙两相渗流试验系统，实现了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流的渗透特性测定。
(2)测试了孔隙度、破碎岩样粒径、沙粒粒径、含沙率、岩性等因素对沙粒流失规律以及渗透特性参数的影响，得到了试验系统中压力梯度、沙粒流失量随时间的变化规律，以及水沙两相非Darcy流β因子、加速度系数ca、流度I随体积分数Y_2的变化规律。测试了不同沙粒粒径下水沙混合物的视粘度μa，研究了视粘度μa随剪切速率γ的变化规律，确定了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流属于幂律型非Newton体类型。
(3)提出了分析水沙两相非Darcy流特性参数的方法，依据破碎岩体水沙两相渗流试验测得渗透压差、渗流速度，得到了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流特性参数。
(4)依据测试得到的沙粒体积分数、水相渗流速度、沙相渗流速度、孔隙水压和孔隙度等参量，建立了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流的参变非线性动力学模型。
(5)提出了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流动力系统响应的分析方法，开发分析软件，仿真分析了破碎岩体水沙两相渗透特性参数变化规律，得到了孔隙度、渗透压差、试样粒径、沙粒粒径等影响因素对试样沙粒流失的影响规律。
研究成果可为薄基岩浅埋煤层突水溃沙机理研究提供重要参考。
High potential risk of water-sand inrush disasterexists in mining shallow buried coalseam under thin bedrock.Two phase water-sand flow in porous aquifers and crushedmining induced rock mass is a hot spot and difficult topic of the researches. Thisdissertation studied the two phase water-sand flow (TPWSF) characteristics in crushedrock mass by using comprehensive methods of laboratory test, theoretical analysis andnumerical simulation, and the achievements are as follows:
(1) A TPWSF in crushed rock mass testing system were developed which comprisesa two phase water-sand permeability testing device, axial displacement loading andcontrolling system, pore pressure controlling system and data recording system, so thetests of permeability of TPWSF in crushed rock mass could be realized.
(2) Influenceof factors such as porosity, crushed rock grain diameter, sand graindiameter, sand content and lithologyto sand grains erosionand permeability parameterswere tested, and relationships of pressure gradient, sand erosion quantity and time, factor of two phase water-sand non-Darcy flow, acceleration coefficient ca, fluidity Iand volumetric content Y_2, were obtained. Values of apparent viscosity aunderdifferent sand grain diameters were tested, variation of awith shearing rate werestudied, and proved that TPWSF in crushed rock mass is a type of power lawednon-Newton flow.
(3) Brought forth a method for analyzing two phase water-sand non-Darcy flowparameters, and the parameters were derived by using osmotic pressure difference andflowing rate from the tests.
(4) According to sand volumetric content, water flowing rate, sand flowing rate, prepressure and porosity from tests, the parametric non-linear dynamical model for TPWSFin crushed rock mass were established.
(5) Proposed the method of analyzing systematical response of TPWSF in crushedrock massanddeveloped the analysis software. Variation regularities of parameters ofTPWSF in crushed rock mass were simulated, and influence regularities of porosity,osmotic pressure, rock grain diameter and sand grain diameter to sand erosion wereeduced.
These achievements are significant references of mechanism research of water-sandinrush in mining shallow buried coal seam under thin bedrock.
(1)研制了水沙两相专用渗透仪、轴向位移加载控制系统、水压控制系统和数据采集系统构成的破碎岩体水沙两相渗流试验系统，实现了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流的渗透特性测定。
(2)测试了孔隙度、破碎岩样粒径、沙粒粒径、含沙率、岩性等因素对沙粒流失规律以及渗透特性参数的影响，得到了试验系统中压力梯度、沙粒流失量随时间的变化规律，以及水沙两相非Darcy流β因子、加速度系数ca、流度I随体积分数Y_2的变化规律。测试了不同沙粒粒径下水沙混合物的视粘度μa，研究了视粘度μa随剪切速率γ的变化规律，确定了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流属于幂律型非Newton体类型。
(3)提出了分析水沙两相非Darcy流特性参数的方法，依据破碎岩体水沙两相渗流试验测得渗透压差、渗流速度，得到了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流特性参数。
(4)依据测试得到的沙粒体积分数、水相渗流速度、沙相渗流速度、孔隙水压和孔隙度等参量，建立了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流的参变非线性动力学模型。
(5)提出了破碎岩体水沙两相渗流动力系统响应的分析方法，开发分析软件，仿真分析了破碎岩体水沙两相渗透特性参数变化规律，得到了孔隙度、渗透压差、试样粒径、沙粒粒径等影响因素对试样沙粒流失的影响规律。
研究成果可为薄基岩浅埋煤层突水溃沙机理研究提供重要参考。
High potential risk of water-sand inrush disasterexists in mining shallow buried coalseam under thin bedrock.Two phase water-sand flow in porous aquifers and crushedmining induced rock mass is a hot spot and difficult topic of the researches. Thisdissertation studied the two phase water-sand flow (TPWSF) characteristics in crushedrock mass by using comprehensive methods of laboratory test, theoretical analysis andnumerical simulation, and the achievements are as follows:
(1) A TPWSF in crushed rock mass testing system were developed which comprisesa two phase water-sand permeability testing device, axial displacement loading andcontrolling system, pore pressure controlling system and data recording system, so thetests of permeability of TPWSF in crushed rock mass could be realized.
(2) Influenceof factors such as porosity, crushed rock grain diameter, sand graindiameter, sand content and lithologyto sand grains erosionand permeability parameterswere tested, and relationships of pressure gradient, sand erosion quantity and time, factor of two phase water-sand non-Darcy flow, acceleration coefficient ca, fluidity Iand volumetric content Y_2, were obtained. Values of apparent viscosity aunderdifferent sand grain diameters were tested, variation of awith shearing rate werestudied, and proved that TPWSF in crushed rock mass is a type of power lawednon-Newton flow.
(3) Brought forth a method for analyzing two phase water-sand non-Darcy flowparameters, and the parameters were derived by using osmotic pressure difference andflowing rate from the tests.
(4) According to sand volumetric content, water flowing rate, sand flowing rate, prepressure and porosity from tests, the parametric non-linear dynamical model for TPWSFin crushed rock mass were established.
(5) Proposed the method of analyzing systematical response of TPWSF in crushedrock massanddeveloped the analysis software. Variation regularities of parameters ofTPWSF in crushed rock mass were simulated, and influence regularities of porosity,osmotic pressure, rock grain diameter and sand grain diameter to sand erosion wereeduced.
These achievements are significant references of mechanism research of water-sandinrush in mining shallow buried coal seam under thin bedrock.
引文
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