填埋垃圾原位好氧加速稳定化技术研究
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摘要
填埋垃圾原位好氧加速稳定化技术通过对垃圾氧浓度和含水率的调节与控制，加快垃圾的稳定化进程，可在较短时间内从源头上削减或消除垃圾污染物的释放。该技术效果好，成本低，对推进生活垃圾可持续填埋技术的发展以及垃圾污染场地的治理均具有重要意义。本论文在自主开发的含水率和氧浓度双参数反馈气水联合调控系统平台的支持下，通过一系列不同填埋环境和不同初始特性垃圾的填埋模拟试验，深入研究了垃圾好氧调控过程含水率和氧浓度参数的变化特征，分析了在优化控制条件下相比其它调控措施对垃圾的加速稳定化效果，以及垃圾初始特性对好氧加速稳定化效果的影响，并基于渗滤液水质和垃圾有机质各指标科学涵义和相互关联性筛选出垃圾稳定化进程的表征指标。主要结论如下：
确定垃圾顶层为含水率控制对象，以田间持水率为控制值，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾含水率控制值对应时域反射器（TDR）读数分别为80%、70%、63%、61%。确定垃圾底层内壁位置（离中心通风管最远处）为氧浓度控制对象，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾氧浓度控制范围分别为11%~14%、8%~14%、7%~15%、6~17%。
TDR读数与基于水量平衡计算的垃圾体积含水率相关性分析结果表明，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾两者偏差不超过±5%、±2%、±1%、±1%。好氧调控期间，仅有0年垃圾在调控前期（高温期）和7年垃圾在调控后期因含水率较低触发了自控回灌。这两个潜在的缺水期在调控过程中应引起重视。
垃圾氧浓度波动频率（通风频率）随好氧调控的进行和垃圾填埋龄的增大而降低。在调控过程中，应逐渐降低通风频率，可在保证氧浓度充足的情况下达到节约成本的目的。0年和1年垃圾耗氧速率变化特征相似，可分为3个阶段：第1阶段耗氧速率高，变化幅度大，反映了垃圾的快速降解期；第2阶段耗氧速率中等，变化幅度极小，反映了垃圾的过渡期；第3阶段耗氧速率极低，且持续下降，反映了垃圾的缓慢降解期。3年和7年垃圾耗氧速率变化呈现单调的降低规律，表明垃圾从一开始已进入缓慢降解期。
基于渗滤液水质和垃圾有机质各指标科学涵义和相互关联性筛选出垃圾稳定化进程的表征指标为B/C和BDM，并根据指标变化趋势确定了垃圾稳定化终点值为B/C<0.1，BDM<4%。
In-situ aerobic stabilization acceleration technology for municipal solid waste(MSW) landfill can reduce or eliminate waste pollutant release from the source in arelatively short period, through control of oxygen concentration and moisture content inwaste to accelerate the process of waste stabilization. The technology is effective andlow cost, which is significant to the development of MSW sustainable landfill andtreatment of waste stacking yard. In this paper, on support of self-developedtwo-parameter (oxygen concentration and moisture content) feedback joint controlsystem, a series of landfill simulation experiments in different landfill situation andvarious initial waste characteristics were conducted. The variation characteristics ofoxygen concentration and moisture content in aerobic control process were studied. Thestabilization acceleration effect under optimal control was cpompared with other controlmeasures. The impact of initial waste characteristics to stabilization acceleration effectwas analysed. In addition, characteristic index for waste stabilization process wasscreened out from various parameters of leachate quality and organic waste, on basis oftheir scientific meaning and correlation. The main conclusions were as follows:
The upper layer of waste was determined as target of moisture control, while fieldwater-holding rate of waste as control value. Time domain reflectometer (TDR)readings corresponding to moisture control values for waste of zero,1year,3years and7years of landfill age were80%,70%,63%and61%, respectively. The inner wall ofreactor (farthest from the center ventilation pipe) in the bottom layer of waste wasdetermined as target of oxygen control. The control ranges for waste of zero,1year,3years and7years of landfill age were11%to14%,8%to14%,7%to15%and6%to17%, respectively.
The correlation analysis of TDR readings and volumetric moisture content basedon water balance calculation showed that for waste of zero,1year,3years and7yearsof landfill age, deviations did not exceed±5%,±2%,±1%and±1%, respectively.Through aerobic control period, auto recirculation happened in initial stage (hightemperature phase) of zero landfill age waste and in later period of7years of landfillage waste due to low moisture content. This two potential water shortage should becared in control process.
Fluctuation frequency (ventilation frequency) of oxygen concentration in wastereduced along with aerobic control proceeding and waste landfill age increasing. Incontrol process, ventilation frequency should be gradually reduced to achieve thepurpose of cost saving, ensuring adequate oxygen concentration at the same time. Thevariation characteristic of oxygen comsumption rate was similar between zero and1year of landfill age waste. The whole control period could be divided into three stages.In the first stage, oxygen consumption rate has high value and significantchange,reflecting the rapid degradation of waste. In the second stage, oxygen consumption ratewas moderate and keeping stable, reflecting the transition period of waste. In the thirdstage, oxygen consumption rate was very low and continuing declining, reflecting theslow degradation of waste. Oxygen consumption rate of3and7years of landfill agewaste showed single reduction trend, which indicated that waste was in slowdegradation stage from the beginning.
B/C and BDM were screened out as characteristic indices for waste stabilizationprocess from various parameters of leachate quality and organic waste, on basis of theirscientific meaning and correlation. According to index trend in control process, wastestabilization end value were B/C<0.1，BDM<4%.
确定垃圾顶层为含水率控制对象，以田间持水率为控制值，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾含水率控制值对应时域反射器（TDR）读数分别为80%、70%、63%、61%。确定垃圾底层内壁位置（离中心通风管最远处）为氧浓度控制对象，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾氧浓度控制范围分别为11%~14%、8%~14%、7%~15%、6~17%。
TDR读数与基于水量平衡计算的垃圾体积含水率相关性分析结果表明，0年、1年、3年、7年填埋龄垃圾两者偏差不超过±5%、±2%、±1%、±1%。好氧调控期间，仅有0年垃圾在调控前期（高温期）和7年垃圾在调控后期因含水率较低触发了自控回灌。这两个潜在的缺水期在调控过程中应引起重视。
垃圾氧浓度波动频率（通风频率）随好氧调控的进行和垃圾填埋龄的增大而降低。在调控过程中，应逐渐降低通风频率，可在保证氧浓度充足的情况下达到节约成本的目的。0年和1年垃圾耗氧速率变化特征相似，可分为3个阶段：第1阶段耗氧速率高，变化幅度大，反映了垃圾的快速降解期；第2阶段耗氧速率中等，变化幅度极小，反映了垃圾的过渡期；第3阶段耗氧速率极低，且持续下降，反映了垃圾的缓慢降解期。3年和7年垃圾耗氧速率变化呈现单调的降低规律，表明垃圾从一开始已进入缓慢降解期。
基于渗滤液水质和垃圾有机质各指标科学涵义和相互关联性筛选出垃圾稳定化进程的表征指标为B/C和BDM，并根据指标变化趋势确定了垃圾稳定化终点值为B/C<0.1，BDM<4%。
In-situ aerobic stabilization acceleration technology for municipal solid waste(MSW) landfill can reduce or eliminate waste pollutant release from the source in arelatively short period, through control of oxygen concentration and moisture content inwaste to accelerate the process of waste stabilization. The technology is effective andlow cost, which is significant to the development of MSW sustainable landfill andtreatment of waste stacking yard. In this paper, on support of self-developedtwo-parameter (oxygen concentration and moisture content) feedback joint controlsystem, a series of landfill simulation experiments in different landfill situation andvarious initial waste characteristics were conducted. The variation characteristics ofoxygen concentration and moisture content in aerobic control process were studied. Thestabilization acceleration effect under optimal control was cpompared with other controlmeasures. The impact of initial waste characteristics to stabilization acceleration effectwas analysed. In addition, characteristic index for waste stabilization process wasscreened out from various parameters of leachate quality and organic waste, on basis oftheir scientific meaning and correlation. The main conclusions were as follows:
The upper layer of waste was determined as target of moisture control, while fieldwater-holding rate of waste as control value. Time domain reflectometer (TDR)readings corresponding to moisture control values for waste of zero,1year,3years and7years of landfill age were80%,70%,63%and61%, respectively. The inner wall ofreactor (farthest from the center ventilation pipe) in the bottom layer of waste wasdetermined as target of oxygen control. The control ranges for waste of zero,1year,3years and7years of landfill age were11%to14%,8%to14%,7%to15%and6%to17%, respectively.
The correlation analysis of TDR readings and volumetric moisture content basedon water balance calculation showed that for waste of zero,1year,3years and7yearsof landfill age, deviations did not exceed±5%,±2%,±1%and±1%, respectively.Through aerobic control period, auto recirculation happened in initial stage (hightemperature phase) of zero landfill age waste and in later period of7years of landfillage waste due to low moisture content. This two potential water shortage should becared in control process.
Fluctuation frequency (ventilation frequency) of oxygen concentration in wastereduced along with aerobic control proceeding and waste landfill age increasing. Incontrol process, ventilation frequency should be gradually reduced to achieve thepurpose of cost saving, ensuring adequate oxygen concentration at the same time. Thevariation characteristic of oxygen comsumption rate was similar between zero and1year of landfill age waste. The whole control period could be divided into three stages.In the first stage, oxygen consumption rate has high value and significantchange,reflecting the rapid degradation of waste. In the second stage, oxygen consumption ratewas moderate and keeping stable, reflecting the transition period of waste. In the thirdstage, oxygen consumption rate was very low and continuing declining, reflecting theslow degradation of waste. Oxygen consumption rate of3and7years of landfill agewaste showed single reduction trend, which indicated that waste was in slowdegradation stage from the beginning.
B/C and BDM were screened out as characteristic indices for waste stabilizationprocess from various parameters of leachate quality and organic waste, on basis of theirscientific meaning and correlation. According to index trend in control process, wastestabilization end value were B/C<0.1，BDM<4%.
引文
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