飞机数字化测量及质量控制技术研究
|
摘要
随着科学技术的不断发展,飞机制造业随之飞速前进,数字化测量技术已经开始走入当前飞机制造领域,并成为一种趋势,在检测、装配、校准等领域发挥作用。为实现高质量、高效率的飞机数字化水平测量及航电设备安装校准,提出了一种融合iGPS和激光雷达两种先进的测量技术优势的飞机数字化测量网络。为提高网络的测量精度,保证飞机数字化测量的质量,本文对飞机数字化测量的不确定度进行了深入地研究,通过对飞机数字化测量的不确定度的预先估计对测量网络的构建方法和模式进行设计,从而达到质量控制的目的。
1)研究了基于iGPS、激光雷达测量系统的飞机数字化测量的关键技术：飞机数字化水平测量及校准系统；数字调平技术；水平测量、机载航电设备的安装校准测量技术,并建立相应的数字化测量及不确定度模型。
2)对iGPS网络测量及不确定度进行了研究：介绍了iGPS激光发射器的测量原理,及其测量及不确定度数学模型；提出了iGPS多站测量网络发射器方位标定技术并建立了数学模型；提出了iGPS多发射器异面交会测量原理,同时建立了其测量及不确定度数学模型。深入研究了iGPS双发射器测量单元的测量原理,推导了其测量及其不确定度模型,并对其测量及布站特性进行仿真分析,从而提出了基于双发射器测量仿真分析的iGPS优化方法。
3)在研究激光雷达测量系统工作原理的基础上,建立了激光雷达点测量模型及其不确定度模型。
4)研究了包括激光雷达转站技术,激光雷达多站网络融合技术,及iGPS与激光雷达坐标系统一技术的测量网络构建技术,保障了测量网络的精度。
5)对飞机数字测量网络的不确定度及优化技术进行了深入研究：创建了飞机数字化调平变换算法,并建立了其测量及不确定度模型,为飞机数字化测量质量的控制提供了数学依据；研究了飞机测量区域分配技术,及基于遗传算法的测量网络布站优化技术,实现了飞机数字测量网络的优化,保证了飞机数字化测量质量。
6)进行了测量系统的标定实验、飞机全机水平测量实验、飞机速率陀螺安装校准实验,实验结果表明,各项测量精度均满足指标要求。
此测量方案、测量方法已成功应用于某型号飞机的数字化测量实际工程中,相关的测量及质量控制技术对飞机数字化测量具有重要的实用价值。
With the continuous development of science and technology, aircraft manufacturing industry is the rapid advance. The digital measurement technology has started to enter the field of aircraft manufacturing, and become a trend to play a role in testing, assembly, calibration, and other fields. Calibration to achieve the aircraft digital level measurement and avionics installation calibration of high quality, high efficient, the aircraft digital measurement network which mixes the advance of the iGPS and Laser Radar measurement technology is proposed. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the network, and ensure the quality of aircraft digital measurement, the aircraft digital measurement uncertainty and measurement quality control techniques are.studied deeply
1) The key technologies of aircraft digital measurement are studied:including aircraft digital level measurement and calibration system; digital levelling technology; aircraft digital level measurement and avionics equipment installation calibration techniques, and the corresponding digital measurement uncertainty models.
2) iGPS network measurement technology and uncertainty are studied:it introduces the measurement principle of the iGPS laser transmitter, and its measurement and uncertainty mathematical model; it conducts the iGPS multi-station measurement network transmitter orientation calibration technique and mathematical model; it in-depth study the measurement principle of the iGPS dual-transmitter measurement unit, which measurement model and uncertainty model are derived, and which measuring and station distribution characteristics simulation and analysis are done; iGPS muti-transmitter measurement principle is put forward, and which measurement mathematical model and uncertainty model are established.
3) Based on the study of Laser Radar measurement system working principle, the point measurement model and the uncertainty model of Laser Radar are created.
4) It study the measurement network building technology, including laser radar jumping technology, laser radar multi-station network integration technology, and iGPS and Laser radar coordinate system integration technology, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement network.
5) aircraft digital measurement network uncertainty and network optimization techniques are studied:it creats aircraft digital leveling transform algorithm, and establishs the measurement uncertainty model, which provides a mathematical basis for the aircraft digital measuring quality control; research on aircraft measuring regional distribution technology, and measurement network station distribution optimization technology based on genetic algorithm is to achieve the aircraft digital measurement network optimization, and ensure the quality of aircraft digital measurement.
6) The measurement system calibration experiment, aircraft level measurement experimental, and aircraft screen display installation calibration experiment are done. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy to meet the requirement.
This measurement program, measurement methods have been successfully applied to the practical engineering of a particular model of aircraft digital measurement. The measurement quality control technique for aircraft digital measurement has important practical value.
1)研究了基于iGPS、激光雷达测量系统的飞机数字化测量的关键技术：飞机数字化水平测量及校准系统；数字调平技术；水平测量、机载航电设备的安装校准测量技术,并建立相应的数字化测量及不确定度模型。
2)对iGPS网络测量及不确定度进行了研究：介绍了iGPS激光发射器的测量原理,及其测量及不确定度数学模型；提出了iGPS多站测量网络发射器方位标定技术并建立了数学模型；提出了iGPS多发射器异面交会测量原理,同时建立了其测量及不确定度数学模型。深入研究了iGPS双发射器测量单元的测量原理,推导了其测量及其不确定度模型,并对其测量及布站特性进行仿真分析,从而提出了基于双发射器测量仿真分析的iGPS优化方法。
3)在研究激光雷达测量系统工作原理的基础上,建立了激光雷达点测量模型及其不确定度模型。
4)研究了包括激光雷达转站技术,激光雷达多站网络融合技术,及iGPS与激光雷达坐标系统一技术的测量网络构建技术,保障了测量网络的精度。
5)对飞机数字测量网络的不确定度及优化技术进行了深入研究：创建了飞机数字化调平变换算法,并建立了其测量及不确定度模型,为飞机数字化测量质量的控制提供了数学依据；研究了飞机测量区域分配技术,及基于遗传算法的测量网络布站优化技术,实现了飞机数字测量网络的优化,保证了飞机数字化测量质量。
6)进行了测量系统的标定实验、飞机全机水平测量实验、飞机速率陀螺安装校准实验,实验结果表明,各项测量精度均满足指标要求。
此测量方案、测量方法已成功应用于某型号飞机的数字化测量实际工程中,相关的测量及质量控制技术对飞机数字化测量具有重要的实用价值。
With the continuous development of science and technology, aircraft manufacturing industry is the rapid advance. The digital measurement technology has started to enter the field of aircraft manufacturing, and become a trend to play a role in testing, assembly, calibration, and other fields. Calibration to achieve the aircraft digital level measurement and avionics installation calibration of high quality, high efficient, the aircraft digital measurement network which mixes the advance of the iGPS and Laser Radar measurement technology is proposed. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the network, and ensure the quality of aircraft digital measurement, the aircraft digital measurement uncertainty and measurement quality control techniques are.studied deeply
1) The key technologies of aircraft digital measurement are studied:including aircraft digital level measurement and calibration system; digital levelling technology; aircraft digital level measurement and avionics equipment installation calibration techniques, and the corresponding digital measurement uncertainty models.
2) iGPS network measurement technology and uncertainty are studied:it introduces the measurement principle of the iGPS laser transmitter, and its measurement and uncertainty mathematical model; it conducts the iGPS multi-station measurement network transmitter orientation calibration technique and mathematical model; it in-depth study the measurement principle of the iGPS dual-transmitter measurement unit, which measurement model and uncertainty model are derived, and which measuring and station distribution characteristics simulation and analysis are done; iGPS muti-transmitter measurement principle is put forward, and which measurement mathematical model and uncertainty model are established.
3) Based on the study of Laser Radar measurement system working principle, the point measurement model and the uncertainty model of Laser Radar are created.
4) It study the measurement network building technology, including laser radar jumping technology, laser radar multi-station network integration technology, and iGPS and Laser radar coordinate system integration technology, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement network.
5) aircraft digital measurement network uncertainty and network optimization techniques are studied:it creats aircraft digital leveling transform algorithm, and establishs the measurement uncertainty model, which provides a mathematical basis for the aircraft digital measuring quality control; research on aircraft measuring regional distribution technology, and measurement network station distribution optimization technology based on genetic algorithm is to achieve the aircraft digital measurement network optimization, and ensure the quality of aircraft digital measurement.
6) The measurement system calibration experiment, aircraft level measurement experimental, and aircraft screen display installation calibration experiment are done. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy to meet the requirement.
This measurement program, measurement methods have been successfully applied to the practical engineering of a particular model of aircraft digital measurement. The measurement quality control technique for aircraft digital measurement has important practical value.
引文
[1]杨国光.近代光学测试技术.杭州：浙江大学出版社,1997.9.
[2]党育辉,曹喜锋.水平测量技术探讨.西安飞机设计研究所,71008
[3]张春山,党育辉,曹喜锋.驻两飞公司军事代表室,第一飞机设计研究院.飞机水平测量技术探讨
[4]朱筱茵.基于激光雷达的数字化精密测量技术研究.长春理工大学,2009.
[5]张丽艳.逆向工程中模型重建关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2001
[6]金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术.机械工业出版社,2003.
[7]侯宏录,李宏.光电经纬仪测量飞行器二维坐标方法及误差分析.光电工程.2002,29(3)：4-8.
[8]钱绍圣.测量不确定度[M].北京：清华人学出版社.2002：80.
[9]潘蔚.模拟退火算法和应用.经络技术协作信息,2008
[10]陈华根,吴健生,王家林,等.模拟退火算法机理研究.同济大学海洋地质教育部重点实验室,上海
[11]吴斌.大型物体三维形貌数字化测量关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2005
[12]蔡喜平,赵远,黄建明等.成像激光雷达系统性能的研究.光学技术,2001,27(1)：60-62
[13]高智,仲思东,宋丽华.基于激光雷达数据的三维模型重建.仪器仪表学报.2004.8：495-499
[14]郭劲.军用激光系统对准误差推导.光机电信息.1998,15(3)：24-27.
[15]侯宏录,周德云.光电经纬仪异面交会测量及组网布站优化设计.光子学报,2008,(05)：10-20.
[16]张玲霞,马彩文,刘轶,陈明.靶场光电经纬仪多台交会测量的融合处理及其仿真分析.光子学报,2002,(12)：33-35.
[17]New River Kinematics Company.SA user manual.2001:225-237
[18]吴能伟,陈涛.光电经纬仪目标异面交会测量的误差分析.中国仪器仪表.2006.6：49-51.
[19]桑新柱,吕乃光.三维形状测量方法及发展趋势.北京机械工业学院学报.2001,6(2)：32-38.
[20]姜涛,刘勇,王海峰.基于遗传算法的多台光电经纬仪优化布站研究计算机仿真.2009.26(5)：4-8.
[21]沈严,李磊,阮友田.车载激光测绘技术.红外与激光工程,2009,3(3)：2.
[22]Metris Company.MV224-260 User Guide.2005:15-18
[23]Metris Company.iGPS User Guide.2011:22-55
[24]John Hancocka,Dirk Langera,Martial Heberta.Active laser radar for high-performance measurement. Procccdinp of the 1998 IEEE,Intcrnational Conference on Robotics & Automation.2001,72 (1):55-56
[25]何秉高,李丽娟,安志勇,孙红帆.基于激光雷达的CATIA造型技术研究.长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,10：25-35.
[26]陈登海,秦龙刚,黄翔.基于激光雷达的飞机水平测量.中国制造业信息化,2009,38(5)：25-27.
[27]李珊,付秀华,苏佳妮,赵缨慰,等.激光雷达测距系统中滤光片的制备[J].外与激光工程.2010,5(11)2.
[28]Anil K, Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics[J],1993,10(19):8
[29]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[30]Douglas W Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997.3065:30-40.
[31]杨伟,刘春,刘大杰.激光扫描数据三维坐标转换的精度分析.工程勘察.2004.3：61-63
[32]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[33]李清泉,李必军,陈静.激光雷达测量技术及其应用研究.武汉测绘科技大学学报.2000,10：387-392
[34]李二涛,张国煊,曾虹.基于最小二乘的曲面拟合算法研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2009,4：48-51
[35]姚吉利.3维坐标转换参数直接计算的严密公式.预测绘通报.2006(5)：7-10
[36]吴兆喜,黄元庆.基于光学原理的三维形貌测量技术研究.光学技术.2006.8.增刊.
[37]苏大图.光学测试技术.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001.10.
[38]熊辉丰.激光雷达.北京：宇航出版社,1994
[39]B Albert, Laser Radar Systems [J], Artech House, Boston,1992
[40]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods. Digital Image Processing (Second Edition). Beijinb:Publishinb House of Electronics Industry,2001.519-566.
[41]Partt V, Direct Least-squares fitting of algebraic surfaces. In Stone M C ed. Proceeding of SIG-GRAPH'87, Dnavers: Assison-Wssley Publishing Company,1987,145-152.
[42]Chen F, Brown G M, Song M. Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods.Opt Enn.2000,39(1):10-22.
[43]Besl P J, Mckay N D. A Method for Registration of 3D Shapes.IEEE trans. PAMI,1992,14 (2):239-256.
[44]Kevin D Donohue, Mohammad Rahmati, Laurence G Hassebrook, et al. Parametric and nonparametric edge detection for speckle de2graded images[J]. Optical Engineering,1993,32:193521946.
[45]O Nakamura, M Goto. Development of a coordinate measuring system with tracking laser interferometers. Annals of the CIRP,1991,40 (1)
[46]Douglas W. Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997,3065:30-40.
[47]Anil K. Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics, October, 1993,19.
[48]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[49]Sammy W. Henderson, Charley P. Hale, James R. Magee. Eye-safe coherent laser radar system at 2.1, musing Tm,Ho:YAG lasers. OPTICS LETTERS,1991,16(10)
[50]John Hancocka, Dirk Langera, Martial Heberta. Active laser radar for high-performance measurement[J], procccdinp of the 1998 IE'EE, International Conference on Robotics & :Automation
[51]Robert D Kelly. A single doppler radar study of horizontal-roll convection in a lake-effet snow storm.American meteological society,1982
[52]Madhavan Menon, Anthony Slotwinski. Novel Doppler laser radar for diagnostics in fusion reactors. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS,2004,75 (10)
[53]Ziqin Li, Qi Li, Zhaoshuo Tian.Processing Laser Radar Range Images. CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS,2004,2(4),
[54]Hausler Gerd, Schneider Gerhard. Testing optics by experimental ray t racing with a lateral effect photodiode [J]. App lied Optics,1988,27 (24):160-164.
[55]Lua Yuan H, Qian C, et al.Brief introduction of straightness curvature measurement system for straight tube using tangent method and error analysis[J]. Automatic Optical Inspect ion for Industry, SPIE,1996, (2899):180■185.
[56]M.A. Noginov, Solid-State Random Lasers (Springer, printed in the USA,2005
[57]周煜.基于非均匀细分的散乱点云数据精简算法.农业机械学报.2009,40(9)：193-196.
[58]贺美芳.基于散乱点云数据的曲面重建关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[59]王国瑾,王国昭,郑建民.计算机辅助几何设计.北京：施普林格-高等教育出版社,2001.
[49]M Yang, E Lee. Segmentation of measured point data using a parametric quadric surface approximation. Computer-Aided Design,1999,31:499-457.
[50]M S Floater. Meshless parameterization and B-spline surface approximation. The Mathematics of Surfaces.2000, 1-18.
[51]Jules Bloomenthal, Implicit Surfaces, to appear in the Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology (copyright Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY).
[52]J F Blinn. A generalization of algebraic surface drawing. ACM Transactions on Graphics,1982,1(3):235-256.
[53]R Hardy. Multiquadric equations of topography and other irregular surfaces. Joumel of Geophysical Research,1971, 76:1905-1915.
[54]R Frank. Scattered data interpolation:tests of some methods. Mathematical Computation,1982,38:181-200.
[55]H Hoppe, T DeRose, T Duchamp. et al. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points. Proceeding of SIGGRAPH, 1992,71-78.
[56]G Turk, J F O'Brien. Shape Transformation Using Variational Implicit Functions. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Computer graphics and Interactive Techniques,1999,335-342.
[57]G Turk, J F O'Brien. Modelling with Implicit Surface that Interpolate. ACM Trans. Graphics.,2002,21 (4):855-873.
[58]M Alexa, J Behr, D Cohen-Or, et al. Computing and Rendering Point Set Surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2003,9(1):3-15.
[59]J C Carr, R K Beatson, J B Cherrie, et al. Reconstruction and Representation of 3D Object with Radial Basis Functions. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH,2001,67-76.
[60]J C Carr, W R Fright, R K Beatson. Surface Interpolation with Radial Basis Functions for Medical Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,1997,16(1):96-107.
[61]R K Beatson, J B Cherrie, C T Mouat. Fast fitting of radial basis functions:Methods based on preconditioned GMRES iteration. Advances in Computational Mathematics,1999,11:253-270.
[62]R K Beatson,W A Light and S Billings. Fast Solution of The Radial Basis Function Interpolation Equations:Domain Decomposition Methods. SI AM J. Sci. Comput.,2000,22(5):1717-1740.
[63]R Beatson, L Greengard. A Short Course on Fast Multipole Methods. Wavelets, Multilevel Methods and Elliptic PDEs, Oxford University Press,1997,1-37.
[64]Y Ohtake, A G Belyaev, H P Seidel. A Multi-Scale Approach to 3D Scattered Data Interpolation with Compactly Supported Basis Functions. Proceeding of Shape Modeling International (SMI 2003),2003,153-161.
[65]Y Ohtake. A Belyaev, H P Seidel.3D Scattered Data Approximation with Adaptive Compactly Supported Radial Basis Functions. Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International,2004,31-39.
[66]I Tobor, P Reuter, C Schlick. Multiresolution Reconstruction of Implicit Surfaces with Attributes from Large Unorganized Point Sets. Proceeding of Shape Modeling International (SMI 2004),2004,19-30.
[67]Y Ohtake, A G Belyaev, M Alexa, et al. Multi-Level Partition of Unity Implicits. Proceeding of SIGGRAPH,2003, 22(3):463-470.
[68]Douglas W Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997,3065:30-40.
[69]Anil K, Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics,1993,10(19):8
[2]党育辉,曹喜锋.水平测量技术探讨.西安飞机设计研究所,71008
[3]张春山,党育辉,曹喜锋.驻两飞公司军事代表室,第一飞机设计研究院.飞机水平测量技术探讨
[4]朱筱茵.基于激光雷达的数字化精密测量技术研究.长春理工大学,2009.
[5]张丽艳.逆向工程中模型重建关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2001
[6]金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术.机械工业出版社,2003.
[7]侯宏录,李宏.光电经纬仪测量飞行器二维坐标方法及误差分析.光电工程.2002,29(3)：4-8.
[8]钱绍圣.测量不确定度[M].北京：清华人学出版社.2002：80.
[9]潘蔚.模拟退火算法和应用.经络技术协作信息,2008
[10]陈华根,吴健生,王家林,等.模拟退火算法机理研究.同济大学海洋地质教育部重点实验室,上海
[11]吴斌.大型物体三维形貌数字化测量关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2005
[12]蔡喜平,赵远,黄建明等.成像激光雷达系统性能的研究.光学技术,2001,27(1)：60-62
[13]高智,仲思东,宋丽华.基于激光雷达数据的三维模型重建.仪器仪表学报.2004.8：495-499
[14]郭劲.军用激光系统对准误差推导.光机电信息.1998,15(3)：24-27.
[15]侯宏录,周德云.光电经纬仪异面交会测量及组网布站优化设计.光子学报,2008,(05)：10-20.
[16]张玲霞,马彩文,刘轶,陈明.靶场光电经纬仪多台交会测量的融合处理及其仿真分析.光子学报,2002,(12)：33-35.
[17]New River Kinematics Company.SA user manual.2001:225-237
[18]吴能伟,陈涛.光电经纬仪目标异面交会测量的误差分析.中国仪器仪表.2006.6：49-51.
[19]桑新柱,吕乃光.三维形状测量方法及发展趋势.北京机械工业学院学报.2001,6(2)：32-38.
[20]姜涛,刘勇,王海峰.基于遗传算法的多台光电经纬仪优化布站研究计算机仿真.2009.26(5)：4-8.
[21]沈严,李磊,阮友田.车载激光测绘技术.红外与激光工程,2009,3(3)：2.
[22]Metris Company.MV224-260 User Guide.2005:15-18
[23]Metris Company.iGPS User Guide.2011:22-55
[24]John Hancocka,Dirk Langera,Martial Heberta.Active laser radar for high-performance measurement. Procccdinp of the 1998 IEEE,Intcrnational Conference on Robotics & Automation.2001,72 (1):55-56
[25]何秉高,李丽娟,安志勇,孙红帆.基于激光雷达的CATIA造型技术研究.长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,10：25-35.
[26]陈登海,秦龙刚,黄翔.基于激光雷达的飞机水平测量.中国制造业信息化,2009,38(5)：25-27.
[27]李珊,付秀华,苏佳妮,赵缨慰,等.激光雷达测距系统中滤光片的制备[J].外与激光工程.2010,5(11)2.
[28]Anil K, Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics[J],1993,10(19):8
[29]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[30]Douglas W Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997.3065:30-40.
[31]杨伟,刘春,刘大杰.激光扫描数据三维坐标转换的精度分析.工程勘察.2004.3：61-63
[32]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[33]李清泉,李必军,陈静.激光雷达测量技术及其应用研究.武汉测绘科技大学学报.2000,10：387-392
[34]李二涛,张国煊,曾虹.基于最小二乘的曲面拟合算法研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2009,4：48-51
[35]姚吉利.3维坐标转换参数直接计算的严密公式.预测绘通报.2006(5)：7-10
[36]吴兆喜,黄元庆.基于光学原理的三维形貌测量技术研究.光学技术.2006.8.增刊.
[37]苏大图.光学测试技术.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001.10.
[38]熊辉丰.激光雷达.北京：宇航出版社,1994
[39]B Albert, Laser Radar Systems [J], Artech House, Boston,1992
[40]Rafael C.Gonzalez,Richard E.Woods. Digital Image Processing (Second Edition). Beijinb:Publishinb House of Electronics Industry,2001.519-566.
[41]Partt V, Direct Least-squares fitting of algebraic surfaces. In Stone M C ed. Proceeding of SIG-GRAPH'87, Dnavers: Assison-Wssley Publishing Company,1987,145-152.
[42]Chen F, Brown G M, Song M. Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods.Opt Enn.2000,39(1):10-22.
[43]Besl P J, Mckay N D. A Method for Registration of 3D Shapes.IEEE trans. PAMI,1992,14 (2):239-256.
[44]Kevin D Donohue, Mohammad Rahmati, Laurence G Hassebrook, et al. Parametric and nonparametric edge detection for speckle de2graded images[J]. Optical Engineering,1993,32:193521946.
[45]O Nakamura, M Goto. Development of a coordinate measuring system with tracking laser interferometers. Annals of the CIRP,1991,40 (1)
[46]Douglas W. Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997,3065:30-40.
[47]Anil K. Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics, October, 1993,19.
[48]Kai W, Dieter R, Schafer. An approach to computer-aided quality control based on 3D coordinates metrology [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,107:96-110.
[49]Sammy W. Henderson, Charley P. Hale, James R. Magee. Eye-safe coherent laser radar system at 2.1, musing Tm,Ho:YAG lasers. OPTICS LETTERS,1991,16(10)
[50]John Hancocka, Dirk Langera, Martial Heberta. Active laser radar for high-performance measurement[J], procccdinp of the 1998 IE'EE, International Conference on Robotics & :Automation
[51]Robert D Kelly. A single doppler radar study of horizontal-roll convection in a lake-effet snow storm.American meteological society,1982
[52]Madhavan Menon, Anthony Slotwinski. Novel Doppler laser radar for diagnostics in fusion reactors. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS,2004,75 (10)
[53]Ziqin Li, Qi Li, Zhaoshuo Tian.Processing Laser Radar Range Images. CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS,2004,2(4),
[54]Hausler Gerd, Schneider Gerhard. Testing optics by experimental ray t racing with a lateral effect photodiode [J]. App lied Optics,1988,27 (24):160-164.
[55]Lua Yuan H, Qian C, et al.Brief introduction of straightness curvature measurement system for straight tube using tangent method and error analysis[J]. Automatic Optical Inspect ion for Industry, SPIE,1996, (2899):180■185.
[56]M.A. Noginov, Solid-State Random Lasers (Springer, printed in the USA,2005
[57]周煜.基于非均匀细分的散乱点云数据精简算法.农业机械学报.2009,40(9)：193-196.
[58]贺美芳.基于散乱点云数据的曲面重建关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[59]王国瑾,王国昭,郑建民.计算机辅助几何设计.北京：施普林格-高等教育出版社,2001.
[49]M Yang, E Lee. Segmentation of measured point data using a parametric quadric surface approximation. Computer-Aided Design,1999,31:499-457.
[50]M S Floater. Meshless parameterization and B-spline surface approximation. The Mathematics of Surfaces.2000, 1-18.
[51]Jules Bloomenthal, Implicit Surfaces, to appear in the Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology (copyright Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY).
[52]J F Blinn. A generalization of algebraic surface drawing. ACM Transactions on Graphics,1982,1(3):235-256.
[53]R Hardy. Multiquadric equations of topography and other irregular surfaces. Joumel of Geophysical Research,1971, 76:1905-1915.
[54]R Frank. Scattered data interpolation:tests of some methods. Mathematical Computation,1982,38:181-200.
[55]H Hoppe, T DeRose, T Duchamp. et al. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points. Proceeding of SIGGRAPH, 1992,71-78.
[56]G Turk, J F O'Brien. Shape Transformation Using Variational Implicit Functions. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Computer graphics and Interactive Techniques,1999,335-342.
[57]G Turk, J F O'Brien. Modelling with Implicit Surface that Interpolate. ACM Trans. Graphics.,2002,21 (4):855-873.
[58]M Alexa, J Behr, D Cohen-Or, et al. Computing and Rendering Point Set Surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2003,9(1):3-15.
[59]J C Carr, R K Beatson, J B Cherrie, et al. Reconstruction and Representation of 3D Object with Radial Basis Functions. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH,2001,67-76.
[60]J C Carr, W R Fright, R K Beatson. Surface Interpolation with Radial Basis Functions for Medical Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,1997,16(1):96-107.
[61]R K Beatson, J B Cherrie, C T Mouat. Fast fitting of radial basis functions:Methods based on preconditioned GMRES iteration. Advances in Computational Mathematics,1999,11:253-270.
[62]R K Beatson,W A Light and S Billings. Fast Solution of The Radial Basis Function Interpolation Equations:Domain Decomposition Methods. SI AM J. Sci. Comput.,2000,22(5):1717-1740.
[63]R Beatson, L Greengard. A Short Course on Fast Multipole Methods. Wavelets, Multilevel Methods and Elliptic PDEs, Oxford University Press,1997,1-37.
[64]Y Ohtake, A G Belyaev, H P Seidel. A Multi-Scale Approach to 3D Scattered Data Interpolation with Compactly Supported Basis Functions. Proceeding of Shape Modeling International (SMI 2003),2003,153-161.
[65]Y Ohtake. A Belyaev, H P Seidel.3D Scattered Data Approximation with Adaptive Compactly Supported Radial Basis Functions. Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International,2004,31-39.
[66]I Tobor, P Reuter, C Schlick. Multiresolution Reconstruction of Implicit Surfaces with Attributes from Large Unorganized Point Sets. Proceeding of Shape Modeling International (SMI 2004),2004,19-30.
[67]Y Ohtake, A G Belyaev, M Alexa, et al. Multi-Level Partition of Unity Implicits. Proceeding of SIGGRAPH,2003, 22(3):463-470.
[68]Douglas W Ricks, Hand-held Imaging Laser Radar, SPIE 1997,3065:30-40.
[69]Anil K, Jain. Binary Optics for Beam Scanning.Lasers & Optronics,1993,10(19):8
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |