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波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥截面优化设计和剪力连接件研究
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摘要
随着科技的进步,计算机硬件的迅猛发展,借助先进的计算机我们可以将先进的优化算法、优化思想和工程实际相结合,对工程结构进行准确、高效、快速的优化设计工作。这也是未来结构设计领域不可逆转的必然趋势。传统结构设计与优化设计有着相似的设计原则和过程,二者之间的差别在于传统设计缺乏经济性和安全性等评价指标。而结构优化设计的指导思想就是在明确结构的经济、安全等指标的前提下,结合先进的算法和计算机技术,实现工程结构的计算分析、设计等全部过程。结构优化设计有利于提高设计质量和效率。本文正是基于这样的研究背景,针对目前桥梁设计领域存在的各种问题,提出了对桥梁截面进行拓扑优化、截面尺寸优化,来解决目前在桥梁设计领域存在的重复设计、低效设计的弊病,进一步拓展优化设计的适用范围。
     本文依托邢台某波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥展开优化设计研究,具体完成以下几个方面的工作:
     1.在广泛阅读文献和调研的基础上,深入总结了波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥的特点、发展现状、受力性能。同时总结了结构优化设计的研究现状以及针对波形钢腹板这种桥型优化设计存在的问题。
     2.对结构优化设计的一般数学模型、优化设计的分类、常用的优化算法进行了研究。介绍了ANSYS软件的优化理论及其优化设计方法,同时总结了基于ANSYS能够识别的APDL语言优化的一般步骤。
     3.利用APDL语言对ANSYS内嵌的拓扑优化模块进行了二次开发和拓展,编写了基于位移灵敏度和应力灵敏度的ESO拓扑优化程序。给出了波形钢腹板PC组合截面的拓扑优化问题的求解方法,获得了布局合理的截面形式。通过ANSYS内嵌的优化模块求解了拱桥的最优桥型形式,比较了二维和三维结构拓扑优化的不同。这种将优化算法与ANSYS优化模块相结合来解决结构优化问题的模式,为类似优化软件的设计开发提供了可借鉴的经验。
     4.总结了波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥的主要受力特点,包括抗弯设计、抗剪设计及稳定性设计。在结合以往的设计经验和对已建在建类似桥梁尺寸分析的基础上,给出了波形钢腹板几何参数的取值范围。在已有截面拓扑优化研究成果的基础上,采用APDL语言编写了截面尺寸优化程序,对变高截面波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥3个典型节段进行了截面全参数、多约束的尺寸优化设计,获得了结构合理的截面尺寸。
     5.通过对Twin-PBL、S-PBL两种剪力连接件推出试验的数值模拟,分析了连接件从开始受力到剪断破坏的全过程。研究了两种连接件的滑移量、承载能力、构件应力等力学性能的不同,总结了PBL剪力连接件的破坏机理及破坏种类。通过对波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁局部节段的有限元模拟,分析比较了两种连接件对其力学性能的影响。
     论文研究成果可为波纹钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥优化设计、及剪力连接件研究提供一定参考。
With the remarkable progress of the science and technology and the rapid developmentof the computer, we can combine the advanced optimization algorithms and the advancedoptimization ideas with the practical project by the aid of the advanced computer to realizeaccurate, efficient and rapid optimization design of the engineering structure, which is aninevitable trend for the current design of engineering structure in the future. In terms of thedesign principles and design process, traditional structure design and optimization designhave something in common. The differences between the two mainly lie in the evaluationindexes, for example, traditional structure design lacks of economy and security. Whereas, theguiding ideology of optimization design is to know clearly the evaluation indexes such aseconomy and security in the first place. Then combined the advanced algorithms withcomputer technology to accomplish the whole process of the engineering structure, such ascalculation analysis and design, etc. Structural optimization design helps to improve thedesign quality and efficiency. On the baisis of this background and in terms of the variousproblems existing at the present field of bridge design, this paper puts forth section-topologyoptimization design and size optimization design to settle the questions that currently exist inthe field of bridge design, such as repeated design and low efficiency design. In addition, thescope of application of the optimization design can be further expanded.
     Based on the certain research on section-optimization design of PC composite box girderbridge with corrugated steel webs in Xing Tai city, this paper mainly does research on thefollowing aspects:
     1. On the basis of the comprehensive reading and research, this paper summarizes thecharacteristics, the development status and the mechanical performance of PC composite boxgirder bridge with corrugated steel webs. Meanwhile, the present condition of structuraloptimization design and the present problems of the optimization design of bridge withcorrugated steel webs are summarized.
     2. Research has been made on the general math model, the classification of optimizationdesign and generally used optimization design methods. What’s more, the optimization theoryofANSYS and its optimization design methods are introduced. In addition, the generalprocedures ofAPDL language which can be recognized byANSYS are summarized.
     3. ANSYS optimization module was expanded by making full use of the APDL language.Furthermore, evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) program which is based on thefunction of stress and displacement sensitivity is written by the aid of APDL. Methords on thetopology optimization of the corrugated steel webs are offered and resonably arranged formsof sectors are gained. ANSYS optimization module helps to calculate the supreme optimalforms of arc bridge. In addition, the differences between the two dimensional elementstopology optimization and the three-dimensional elements topology optimization arecompared. At length, the solution of the realization of structural optimization design whichcombines the optimization algorithms with ANSYS optimization module provides referentialexperiences for the future development of the optimization design software.
     4. The main mechanical characteristics of section-optimization design of PC compositebox girder bridge with corrugated steel webs are concluded, complete with bending loadingdesign, shear design and stability design. On the basis of the past design experiences and theanalysis of the measurements of the similar building or built bridges, the range of thegeometric parameter of corrugated steel webs is given. Based on the present research onsection-topology optimization, the author writes section optimization program with the helpof the APDL and successfully finishes the total parameter section and multiple constraints ofsection-optimization design of3typical segments of PC composite box girder bridge withcorrugated steel webs well.
     5. On the basis of the numerical simulation of two connectors, Twin-PBL and S-PBL,this paper does researches on these two connectors from the beginning of the stress to theshear failure. Besides, the differences of mechanical properties between the two connectorsare studied. These mechanical properties include the slippage, carrying capacity and multipleelement prestressing, etc. What’s more, the mechanism destruction and the destruction typesof PBL connectors are summarized, In addition, through the finite element modeling of thepartial segment of the PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs, the comparable analysis of the mechanical property of the two connectors are made in this paper.Last but not the least, under the guidance of the finite element modeling, this paper comparesand analyzes the effect of these two connectors on their mechanical properties.
     This paper can provide references for the research on section-optimization design andshear connection of PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs.
引文
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