高压真空断路器动态特性分析及其控制研究
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摘要
智能电网已经成为当今世界电力系统发展变革的最新方向，同时智能配电网又是研究的重点。针对永磁机构高压真空断路器作为配电网中系统控制、保护的重要设备，其智能化一直是关注的热点问题。同时操动机构是决定断路器操控性能的重要部件之一，永磁机构取代了传统的操动机构作为断路器新的操动机构，因为它机构零部件少、装置的可靠性高、可实现免维护、它的出力特性与断路器反力特性能够良好配合，因而受到了当今世界各国的普遍关注，目前在我国乃至世界上许多发达国家的中高压开关领域都得到了广泛的应用。
文中介绍了研究开发双线圈双稳态永磁机构智能型高压真空断路器的目的和意义，并论述了配永磁机构真空断路器、永磁机构控制器国内外发展现状。对配双稳态永磁机构真空断路器的工作原理进行研究，从定性和定量角度分析了真空断路器分闸、合闸过程中永磁机构的磁路特性。利用粒子群优化算法对永磁机构进行优化设计，建立了以永磁体的体积和永磁机构的总体积为性能指标的统一目标函数模型，选择了五个优化变量和两个约束条件，所得的优化结果表明：整个机构的总体积更小、生产成本更低，对此优化结果进行了ANSYS静态仿真。采用Pro/E软件建立了真空断路器运动简化模型，然后利用ADAMS软件进行机械系统动态仿真分析。论文针对这种双稳态永磁机构真空断路器，设计了一种新型智能控制器。该控制器具有检测、控制、保护、就近遥控、GPRS无线通信等功能，它的控制单元主要包括储能电容充电电路，电容充电电压、相电压、电流检测电路，分合闸激磁线圈驱动电路以及动铁心位移检测电路等；同时装置实现了系统过欠压、漏电、短路、过载及缺相等故障保护功能，并可以通过GPRS无线网络对永磁机构真空断路器进行实时在线监测和远程分、合闸控制操作。
经试验测试表明，该控制器运行稳定、功能完善、鲁棒性好，从而大大提高了永磁机构真空断路器的整体性能，达到智能化、小型化的要求。
Smart grid has become the latest development of power system. Distribution systemis one of the important research issues. HV circuit breaker with Permanent MagneticActuator (PMA) is a kind of control and protection equipment used in the distributionsystem. It’s intelligence has become a hot research problem. Meanwhile, PMA is a keycomponent of circuit breaker, which has lots of advantages such as fewer parts, higherreliability, free maintenance, better matching performance between the mechanismcharacteristics of PMA and the counterforce characteristics of circuit breaker. Recently,PMA has been extensively focused all over the world. It will be widely used in MV orHV circuit breakers in many countries include China.
Firstly, the purpose and significance of researching the intelligent HV vacuumcircuit breaker (VCB) with dual-coil bistable PMA was introduced, and the developmentoverview of VCB with PMA and its control technology at home and abroad werepresented. Secondly, the principle of VCB with dual-coil bistable PMA was studied andits magnetic circuit characters in the process of VCB breaking and closure operation wasanalyzed from a qualitative and quantitative perspective respectively. Thirdly, theoptimization design of PMA was conducted with particle swarm optimization algorithm.A unified objective function model with minimum PWM volume was established byselecting five optimization variables and two constraints. The optimized PMA hassmaller volume and lower cost. On the basis of optimized PWA, the ANSYS simulationresearch was carried. Fourthly, the3D solid model of VCB with PMA was built by usingPro/E software, and the dynamic simulation analysis of mechanical system was made byusing ADAMS software. Lastly, a new type intelligent controller for the VCB withdual-coil bistable PMA was designed. The controller has many functions such asdetection, control, protection, remote control, GPRS wireless communications and so on.The controller consists of storage capacitance charging circuit, capacitance chargingvoltage detection circuit, phase voltage detection circuit, moving core displacementdetection circuit and breaking-closure coil drive circuit. It’s protection function includesthe protection of system over voltage, under voltage, leakage, short-circuit, overloadand open-phase fault. By applying GPRS wireless communication technology, thecontroller can detect the operating parameters of the VCB real-time and remote control its on-off operation. Preliminary tests showed that the controller has perfect functions,better robustness and runs steadily. It can greatly improve the whole performance ofVCB with dual-coil bistable PMA, and meet its intelligent and miniaturizationrequirements.
文中介绍了研究开发双线圈双稳态永磁机构智能型高压真空断路器的目的和意义，并论述了配永磁机构真空断路器、永磁机构控制器国内外发展现状。对配双稳态永磁机构真空断路器的工作原理进行研究，从定性和定量角度分析了真空断路器分闸、合闸过程中永磁机构的磁路特性。利用粒子群优化算法对永磁机构进行优化设计，建立了以永磁体的体积和永磁机构的总体积为性能指标的统一目标函数模型，选择了五个优化变量和两个约束条件，所得的优化结果表明：整个机构的总体积更小、生产成本更低，对此优化结果进行了ANSYS静态仿真。采用Pro/E软件建立了真空断路器运动简化模型，然后利用ADAMS软件进行机械系统动态仿真分析。论文针对这种双稳态永磁机构真空断路器，设计了一种新型智能控制器。该控制器具有检测、控制、保护、就近遥控、GPRS无线通信等功能，它的控制单元主要包括储能电容充电电路，电容充电电压、相电压、电流检测电路，分合闸激磁线圈驱动电路以及动铁心位移检测电路等；同时装置实现了系统过欠压、漏电、短路、过载及缺相等故障保护功能，并可以通过GPRS无线网络对永磁机构真空断路器进行实时在线监测和远程分、合闸控制操作。
经试验测试表明，该控制器运行稳定、功能完善、鲁棒性好，从而大大提高了永磁机构真空断路器的整体性能，达到智能化、小型化的要求。
Smart grid has become the latest development of power system. Distribution systemis one of the important research issues. HV circuit breaker with Permanent MagneticActuator (PMA) is a kind of control and protection equipment used in the distributionsystem. It’s intelligence has become a hot research problem. Meanwhile, PMA is a keycomponent of circuit breaker, which has lots of advantages such as fewer parts, higherreliability, free maintenance, better matching performance between the mechanismcharacteristics of PMA and the counterforce characteristics of circuit breaker. Recently,PMA has been extensively focused all over the world. It will be widely used in MV orHV circuit breakers in many countries include China.
Firstly, the purpose and significance of researching the intelligent HV vacuumcircuit breaker (VCB) with dual-coil bistable PMA was introduced, and the developmentoverview of VCB with PMA and its control technology at home and abroad werepresented. Secondly, the principle of VCB with dual-coil bistable PMA was studied andits magnetic circuit characters in the process of VCB breaking and closure operation wasanalyzed from a qualitative and quantitative perspective respectively. Thirdly, theoptimization design of PMA was conducted with particle swarm optimization algorithm.A unified objective function model with minimum PWM volume was established byselecting five optimization variables and two constraints. The optimized PMA hassmaller volume and lower cost. On the basis of optimized PWA, the ANSYS simulationresearch was carried. Fourthly, the3D solid model of VCB with PMA was built by usingPro/E software, and the dynamic simulation analysis of mechanical system was made byusing ADAMS software. Lastly, a new type intelligent controller for the VCB withdual-coil bistable PMA was designed. The controller has many functions such asdetection, control, protection, remote control, GPRS wireless communications and so on.The controller consists of storage capacitance charging circuit, capacitance chargingvoltage detection circuit, phase voltage detection circuit, moving core displacementdetection circuit and breaking-closure coil drive circuit. It’s protection function includesthe protection of system over voltage, under voltage, leakage, short-circuit, overloadand open-phase fault. By applying GPRS wireless communication technology, thecontroller can detect the operating parameters of the VCB real-time and remote control its on-off operation. Preliminary tests showed that the controller has perfect functions,better robustness and runs steadily. It can greatly improve the whole performance ofVCB with dual-coil bistable PMA, and meet its intelligent and miniaturizationrequirements.
引文
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